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Increased microbial sequestration of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition over China’s terrestrial ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 602-614页

作者： Shu Liao Siyi Tan Yan Peng Dingyi Wang Xiangyin Ni Kai Yue Fuzhong Wu Yusheng Yang Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal University8 Shangshan RdFuzhou 350007CangshanChina Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 23DK-1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark center for biodiversity dynamics in a changing Word(BIOCHANGE) Section for Ecoinformatics and BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark

Background:China’s terrestrial ecosystems have been receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen(N)over recent *** N inputs profoundly change microbially mediated soil carbon(C)dynamics,but how elevated N affects the soil organic C that is derived from microbial residues is not fully ***,we evaluated the changes in soil microbial necromass C under N addition at 11 forest,grassland,and cropland sites over China’s terrestrial ecosystems through a meta-analysis based on available data from published ***:Microbial necromass C accounted for an average of 49.5%of the total soil organic C across the studied sites,with higher values observed in croplands(53.0%)and lower values in forests(38.6%).Microbial necromass C was significantly increased by 9.5%after N addition,regardless of N forms,with greater stimulation observed for fungal(+11.2%)than bacterial(+4.5%)necromass *** increase in microbial necromass C under elevated N was greater under longer experimental periods but showed little variation among different N application *** stimulation of soil microbial necromass C under elevated N was proportional to the change in soil organic ***:The stimulation of microbial residues after biomass turnover is an important pathway for the observed increase in soil organic C under N deposition across China’s terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Microbial necromass carbon Nitrogen deposition Amino sugars Soil organic carbon

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The global significance of biodiversity science in China:an overview

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 34-58页

作者： Xiangcheng Mi Gang Feng Yibo Hu Jian Zhang Lei Chen Richard T.Corlett Alice C.Hughes Stuart Pimm Bernhard Schmid Suhua Shi Jens-Christian Svenning Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Department of Geography Remote Sensing Laboratories University of Zurich State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University center for biodiversity dynamics in a changing world (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including species catalogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenance and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services; and species and ecosystems’ responses to global change. Next, we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China. These priorities include(i) the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China;(ii) marine and inland aquatic biodiversity; and(iii) effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China’s vision for becoming an ecological civilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies:(i) translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation;(ii) strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics and remote sensing; and(iii) strengthen and expand international *** on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research, China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future.

关键词： biodiversity inventory biodiversity maintenance biodiversity monitoring biodiversity origins biodiversity-ecosystem functioning

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Evaluation of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models in open channel flow over salmon redds

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第4期36卷 741-756页

作者： Bishal Bhattarai Brandon Hilliard Daniele Tonina William J.Reeder Ralph Budwig Benjamin T.Martin Tao Xing Department of Mechanical Engineering University of IdahoMoscowUSA center for Ecohydraulics Research University of IdahoBoiseUSA Institute for biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Hamm School of Engineering University of MaryBismarckUSA

This study evaluates computational fluid dynamics(CFD)turbulence closures for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations against experimental data to model complex open channel flows,like those occurring over dune-shaped salmon spawning nests called"redds".Open channel flow complexity,characterized by near-bed turbulence,adverse pressure,and free surfaces,requires suitable turbulence closure capable of capturing the flow structure between streambed and water *** evaluated three RANS models:Standard k-,shear-stress transport(SST)k-@and realizable k-,along with four wall treatments for the realizable k-:Standard,and scalable wall functions,enhanced wall treatment,and an unconventional closure combining standard wall function with near-wall mesh resolving the viscous *** all models generally capturing the bulk flow characteristics,considerable discrepancies were evident in their ability to predict specific flow features,such as flow *** realizable k-model,with standard wall function and mesh resolving viscous sublayer,outperformed other closures in predicting near-wall flow separations,velocity fields,and free surface *** realizable k-model with a log-layer resolved mesh predicted the free surface elevation equally well but lacked precision for near-wall *** SST k-@model outperformed in predicting turbulent kinetic energy and provided better predictions of the near-boundary velocity distributions than realizable k-closure with any of the conventional wall treatments but overestimated the separation vortex *** standard k-o model also overestimated near-wall *** study highlights the variability in accuracy among turbulence models,underlining the need for careful model selection based on specific prediction regions.

关键词： Salmon redd numerical simulation turbulence models volume of fluid(VOF)

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Root-derived organic matter confines sponge community composition in mangrove ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 139-142页

作者： Ellard R Hunting Selma M Ubels Michiel HS Kraak Harm G van der Geest University of Amsterdam Aquatic Ecology and EcotoxicologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics(IBED-AEE)Sciencepark 904NL-1098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Introduction:Caribbean mangrove-associated sponge communities are very distinct from sponge communities living on nearby reefs,but the mechanisms that underlie this distinction remain *** has been hypothesized that dissolved organic matter(DOM)leaching from mangrove roots and the ability of mangrove-associated spongebacterial consortia to degrade mangrove DOM may cause this ***:This study tested whether mangrove DOM,leaching from mimicry substrates or directly injected in sponge tissue,affected the performance of a reef and a mangrove sponge ***:Controls and the mangrove sponge remained unaffected by mangrove DOM leaching from mimicry substrates or directly injected in sponge tissue,but the reef species showed substantial necrosis when exposed to mangrove ***:Results presented in this study suggest that mangrove DOM confines the composition of sponge communities in mangrove ecosystems,explaining the exclusion of typical reef species and the adjacent occurrence of distinct sponge communities.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Mangrove root Necrosis Polyphenols Sponges Reef

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Complex causes and consequences of rangeland greening in South America -multiple interacting natural and anthropogenic drivers and simultaneous ecosystem degradation and recovery trends

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第4期1卷 304-316页

作者： Wang Li Robert Buitenwerf Renata Nicora Chequín Javier Elias Florentín Roberto Manuel Salas Julia Carolina Mata Li Wang Zheng Niu Jens-Christian Svenning center for biodiversity dynamics in a changing world(BIOCHANGE) Aarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus C 8000Denmark Section for Ecoinformatics and biodiversity Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus C 8000Denmark State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste(CONICET-UNNE) Sargento Cabral 2131c.c.209C.P.3400Argentina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Land-surface greening has been reported globally over the past *** often seen to represent ecosystem recovery,the impacts on biodiversity and society can also be *** has been widely reported from rangelands,where drivers and processes are complex due to its high environmental heterogeneity and societal ***,we assess the complexity behind greening and assess its links to various drivers in an iconic,heterogeneous rangeland area,the IberáWetlands and surroundings,in ***-series satellite imagery over the past 19 years showed overall net greening,but also substantial local browning both in protected and unprotected areas,linking to land use,temporal changes in surface water,fire,and *** found substantial woody expansion mainly in the unprotected land,with 37%contributed by tree plantations and the remaining 63%by spontaneous woody expansion,along with widespread transitions from terrestrial land to seasonal surface *** occurrences tended to reduce greening with unprotected areas experiencing widespread and frequent ***,protected areas had more browning in unburnt areas than burned *** variation in annual precipitation and temperature tended to nonlinearly influence fire occurrences with an interplay of human fire management,further shaping the vegetation greening,pointing to high complexity behind the observed rangeland greening involving interactions among local *** findings highlight that the observed overall greening is an outcome of multiple trends with clear negative impacts on biodiversity and the local livestock-oriented culture(notably expanding tree plantations)and spontaneous vegetation dynamics,partly involving spontaneous woody *** latter has positive potential for biodiversity and ecosystem services in terms of woodland recovery,but can become negative in such a natural savanna region if expansions develop on a too broad scale,highlighting the importance of ensu

关键词： South America Rangeland Vegetation greening Climate change Sustainability Remote sensing

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Neglected tropical diseases risk correlates with poverty and early ecosystem destruction

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 129-129页

作者： Arthur Ramalho Magalhães Cláudia Torres Codeço Jens-Christian Svenning Luis E.Escobar Paige Van de Vuurst Thiago Gonçalves-Souza Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and biodiversity Conservation (ECOFUN) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Scientific Computation Program (PROCC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil center for Ecological dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & center for biodiversity dynamics in a changing world (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology. Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Translational Biology Medicine and Health Program Virginia Tech Graduate School Blacksburg USA

Background Neglected tropical diseases affect the most vulnerable populations and cause chronic and debilitating *** vulnerability is a well-known and important determinant of neglected tropical *** example,poverty and sanitation could influence parasite ***,the quantitative impact of socioeconomic conditions on disease transmission risk remains poorly *** This study investigated the role of socioeconomic variables in the predictive capacity of risk models of neglected tropical zoonoses using a decade of epidemiological data(2007–2018)from ***-borne diseases investigated in this study included dengue,malaria,Chagas disease,leishmaniasis,and Brazilian spotted fever,while directly-transmitted zoonotic diseases included schistosomiasis,leptospirosis,and *** and socioeconomic predictors were combined with infectious disease data to build environmental and socioenvironmental sets of ecological niche models and their performances were *** Socioeconomic variables were found to be as important as environmental variables in influencing the estimated likelihood of disease transmission across large spatial *** combination of socioeconomic and environmental variables improved overall model accuracy(or predictive power)by 10%on average(P<0.01),reaching a maximum of 18%in the case of dengue *** domestic product was the most important socioeconomic variable(37%relative variable importance,all individual models exhibited P<0.00),showing a decreasing relationship with disease indicating poverty as a major factor for disease *** of natural vegetation cover between 2008 and 2018 was the most important environmental variable(42%relative variable importance,P<0.05)among environmental models,exhibiting a decreasing relationship with disease probability,showing that these diseases are especially prevalent in areas where natural ecosystem destruction is

关键词： Disease ecology Ecological niche model Socioecological system Vector-borne diseases Zoonosis Brazil

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Wind farms increase land surface temperature and reduce vegetation productivity in the Inner Mongolia

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 319-328页

作者： Luyao Liu Pengtao Liu Jiawei Yu Gang Feng Qing Zhang Jens-Christian Svenning Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Centre Hohhot 010051China e Collaborative Innovation center for Grassland Ecological Security(Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) Hohhot 010021China center for Ecological dynamics in a Novel Biosphere(ECONOVO) Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus C DK-8000Denmark center for biodiversity dynamics in a changing world(BIOCHANGE) Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus C DK-8000Denmark

Wind power has been developing rapidly as a key measure to mitigate human-driven global *** under-standing of the development and impacts of wind farms on local climate and vegetation is of great importance for their rational use but is still *** this study,we combined remote sensing and on-site investigations to identify wind farm locations in Inner Mongolia and performed landscape pattern analyses using *** explored the impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature(LST)and vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)between 1990 and 2020 by contrasting these metrics in wind farms with those in non-wind farm *** results showed that the area of wind farms increased rapidly from 1.2 km2 in 1990 to 10,755 km2 in ***,wind farms are mainly clustered in three aggregation areas in the ***,wind farms increased nighttime LST,with a mean value of 0.23℃,but had minor impacts on the daytime ***,wind farms caused a decline in NPP,especially over forest areas,with an average reduction of 12.37 GC/m^(2).Given the impact of wind farms on LST and NPP,we suggest that the development of wind farms should fully consider their direct and potential *** study provides scientific guidance on the spatial pattern of future wind farms.

关键词： Wind farm Landscape pattern LST NPP Inner Mongolia

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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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Genetic Diversity of Crop Wild Relatives under Threat in Yangtze River Basin:Call for Enhanced In Situ Conservation and Utilization

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Molecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1535-1538页

作者： Qin L i Yao Zhao Xiaoguo Xiang Jiakuan C hen Jun Rong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and biodiversity Center for Watershed EcologyInstitute of Life Science and School of Life SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China

The changing climate threatens agricultural production and food security(Vincent et al.,2019).The limited genetic diversity of crops restricts the improvement potential,which acts as an inevitable barrier for breeding... 详细信息

关键词： breeding crops cultivated

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Hydropower reservoirs on the upper Mekong River modify nutrient bioavailability downstream

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1449-1457页

作者： Qiuwen Chen Wenqing Shi Jef Huisman Stephen C.Maberly Jianyun Zhang Juhua Yu Yuchen Chen Daniele Tonina Qitao Yi State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute center for Eco-Environment Research Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam Lake Ecosystems Group UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology 5. Department of Eco-Environment Conservation Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development 6. Center for Ecohydraulics Research University of Idaho

Hydropower development is the key strategy in many developing countries for energy supply,climate-change mitigation and economic development. However, it is commonly assumed that river dams retain nutrients and therefore reduce downstream primary productivity and fishery catches, compromising food security and causing trans-boundary disputes. Contrary to expectation, here we found that a cascade of reservoirs along the upper Mekong River increased downstream bioavailability of nitrogen and *** dams caused phytoplankton density to increase with hydraulic residence time and stratification of the stagnant reservoirs caused hypoxia at depth. This allowed the release of bioavailable phosphorus from the sediment and an increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen as well as a shift in nitrogen species from nitrate to ammonium, which were transported downstream by the discharge of water from the base of the dam. Our findings provide a new perspective on the environmental impacts of river dams on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning, with potential implications for sustainable development of hydropower worldwide.

关键词： Mekong River cascade reservoirs downstream nutrient bioavailability nitrogen phosphorus

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