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Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第05期 2031-2043页

作者： Sai Zhang Juan C.Marini Vengai Mavangira Andrew Claude Julie Moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad Nathalie L.Trottier Department of animal Science Michigan State University State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research center and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Department of Large animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State University

Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP) diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA) supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown. Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy): control(CON; 19.24% CP) and reduced CP with “optimal” AA profile(OPT; 14.00% CP). Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1, 14, 18, and 21 of lactation. Between d 14 and 18, a subset of 9 sows(CON = 4, OPT = 5) was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection) and [13C]bicarbonate(priming dose) first, then a constant 2-h [13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant [1-13C]lysine infusion. Serial blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enrichment, Lys oxidation rate, whole body protein turnover, and muscle protein *** Over the 21-d lactation period, compared to CON, sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(P < 0.05). Compared to CON, sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of Lys(P < 0.05), Lys mammary flux(P < 0.01) and whole-body protein turnover efficiency(P < 0.05). Compared to CON, sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P = 0.069). Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and CON(P = 0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of Lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown. These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.

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Designing unimolecular photoinitiator by installing NHPI esters along the TX backbone for acrylate photopolymerization and their applications in coatings and 3D printing

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 417-421页

作者： Yi Zhu Jingyan Zhang Yuchao Zhang Ying Chen Guanghui An Ren Liu Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Research center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China Scientific experiment center Hangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China

Developing efficient and long wavelength sensitive unimolecular photoinitiators(PIs)is still facing a great *** this work,a series of thioxanthone-based N-hydroxyphthalimide esters(TX-NHPIEs)were synthesized by installing NHPIEs along the TX backbone and *** investigated TX-NHPIEs have a 60 nm redshift and demonstrate sterling initiating efficiency for free radical photopolymerization(FRP)under LED@450 nm light irradiation compared with the commercialized isopropylthioxanthone(ITX).Real-time1Hnuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR),electron spin resonance(ESR),decarboxylation and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC–MS)experiments and density functional theory(DFT)reveal that TX-NHPIEs can generate one alkyl radical and one N-centered iminyl radical,which can initiate FRP directly and indirectly,*** other words,TX-NHPIEs absorb one photon and can generate two active radicals,which break through the limitations of common ***-NHPIE-Cpe demonstrates the highest initiating efficiency,and its application in coatings and 3D printing was also studied,indicating TX-NHPIEs have broad potential applications in photopolymerization processes.

关键词： Photopolymerization Photoinitiator Energy transfer Thioxanthone N-Hydroxyphthalimide ester

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experimental and numerical investigation of the impacts of rotor tip-rake on excitation forces of pump-jet propulsors

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 142-157页

作者： Xue-qin Ji Xiao-song Zhang Chen-jun Yang Xiao-qian Dong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Marine Numerical Experiment CentreSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China CSSC Shanghai Marine Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai200011China China Ship Scientific Research center Shanghai Branch Shanghai200011China

The tip-clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor exerts great impacts on the fluctuating pressures and resultant unsteady forces,which are important sources of structural vibrations and radiated noise *** blade geometry close to the tip is an important factor determining the vortex strength in the tip-clearance *** the open-water condition,the effects of raking the rotor tips on the duct-surface fluctuating pressures and the resultant unsteady forces acting on different components of the propulsor are investigated via physical model experiments and the numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations coupled with the SST k-ωturbulence *** measured and simulated results of hydrodynamic pressures are consistent to each other,and the simulated flows help better understand why the fluctuating pressures change with the tip *** strong fluctuations of duct-surface pressures are caused by intensive tip separation *** duct-surface pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced by using the rake distribution near the tip towards blade back side and,for the combination of the five-bladed rotor and the seven-bladed stator,the resultant unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on the duct and stator are also reduced;while increasing rake leads to negative effect on pressure fluctuations and unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on all the components of the propulsor.

关键词： Pump-jet tip-clearance tip-rake fluctuating pressures excitation forces

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Rosmarinic acid improves tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第3期14卷 100-105页

作者： Vahideh Abbasnia Mohsen Foadoddini Delaram Eslimi Esfahani Mohammad Reza Khazdair Shahrbanoo Oryan Department of Biology Payame Noor UniversityTehranIran Cardiovascular Diseases Research center Birjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran Department of animal Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesKharazmi UniversityTehranIran

Objective:To evaluate the effect of rosmarinic acid on tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized ***:Rats were randomly divided into six groups:the control group,the asthmatic group,and the asthmatic groups treated with dexamethasone(1 mg/kg;oral gavage)or three doses of rosmarinic acid(0.5,1,and 2 mg/kg;oral gavage).For induction of asthma,rats received intraperitoneal injections and inhalation of *** 21 days,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples were collected for histopathological ***,total and differential white blood cell counts were ***:The rosmarinic acid-treated group had significantly lower tracheal smooth muscle responses to methacholine than the asthmatic *** addition,rosmarinic acid reduced white blood cell count and the percentages of eosinophils,monocytes,and neutrophils while increasing the percentage of ***-induced lung pathological changes were significantly improved by treatment with rosmarinic ***:Rosmarinic acid improves tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness and lung pathological changes in ovalbumin-sensitized rats.

关键词： Rosmarinic acid Asthma Ovalbumin Tracheal responsiveness Inflammation White blood cell

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Antigen epitopes of animal coronaviruses:a mini-review

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animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 19-26页

作者： Mingjun Su Guanghui Zheng Xiangwen Xu Houhui Song Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics&Advanced TechnologyZhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health ManagementChina-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data AnalyticsCollege of Animal Science and Technology&College of Veterinary Medicine of ZhejiangA&F University666 Wusu StreetLin'an DistrictHangzhou 311300Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Coronaviruses are widespread in nature and can infect mammals and poultry,making them a public health ***,prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging animal coronaviruses is a great *** mecha-nisms of virus-mediated immune responses have important implications for research on virus prevention and *** antigenic epitope is a chemical group capable of stimulating the production of antibodies or sensitized lympho-cytes,playing an important role in antiviral immune ***,it can shed light on the development of diagnos-tic methods and novel ***,we have reviewed advances in animal coronavirus antigenic epitope research,aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of animal and human coronaviruses.

关键词： animal coronavirus Antigen epitope B-cell epitope T-cell epitope Immune responses Vaccines

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Ferroptosis contributes to JEV-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 144-155页

作者： Wenjing Zhu Qi Li Yong Yin Huanchun Chen Youhui Si Bibo Zhu Shengbo Cao Zikai Zhao Jing Ye National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Frontiers Science center for animal Breeding and Sustainable Production Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China The Cooperative Innovation center for Sustainable Pig Production Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan430070China

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered prototype of programmed cell death (PCD) driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation accumulation, and it has been linked to numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies. Although studies have shown that a variety of cell death processes contribute to JEV-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, there is currently limited research on the specific involvement of ferroptosis. In this study, we explored the neuronal ferroptosis induced by JEV infection in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that JEV infection induces neuronal ferroptosis through inhibiting the function of the antioxidant system mediated by glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as by promoting lipid peroxidation mediated by yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4). Further analyses revealed that JEV E and prM proteins function as agonists, inducing ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor in JEV-infected mice reduces the viral titers and inflammation in the mouse brains, ultimately improving the survival rate of infected mice. In conclusion, our study unveils a critical role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of JEV, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of viral encephalitis.

关键词： Japanese encephalitisvirus(JEV) Ferroptosis Neuron Lipid peroxidation Inflammatory response

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Crop pest image recognition based on the improved ViT method Author links open overlay panel

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 249-259页

作者： Xueqian Fu Qiaoyu Ma Feifei Yang Chunyu Zhang Xiaolong Zhao Fuhao Chang Lingling Han College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina National Innovation center for Digital Fishery China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic animal and Livestock Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina Beijing Engineering and Technology Research center for Internet of Things in Agriculture BeijingChina

The crop pests and diseases in agriculture is one of the most important reason for the reduction of bulk grain and oil crops and the decline of fruit and vegetable crop quality,which threaten macroeconomic stability and sustainable ***,the recognition method based on manual and instruments has been unable to meet the needs of scientific research and production due to its strong subjectivity and low *** recognition method based on pattern recognition and deep learning can automatically fit image features,and use features to classify and predict *** study introduced the improved Vision Transformer(ViT)method for crop pest image *** them,the region with the most obvious features can be effectively selected by block *** self-attention mechanism of the transformer can better excavate the special solution that is not an obvious lesion *** the experiment,data with 7 classes of examples are used for *** can be illustrated from results that this method has high accuracy and can give full play to the advantages of image processing and recognition technology,accurately judge the crop diseases and pests category,provide method reference for agricultural diseases and pests identification research,and further optimize the crop diseases and pests control work for agricultural workers in need.

关键词： Crop diseases recognition Fruit tree leaf disease Vision Transformer Deep learning Computer Vision

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Simulation and forecasting of fishery weather based on statistical machine learning

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 127-142页

作者： Xueqian Fu Chunyu Zhang Fuhao Chang Lingling Han Xiaolong Zhao Zhengjie Wang Qiaoyu Ma National Innovation center for Digital Fishery China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic animal and Livestock Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina Beijing Engineering and Technology Research center for Internet of Things in Agriculture BeijingChina College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

As the new generation of artificial intelligence(AI)continues to evolve,weather big data and statistical machine learning(SML)technologies complement each other and are deeply integrated to significantly improve the processing and forecasting accuracy of fishery *** fishery weather services play a crucial role in fishery production,serving as a great safeguard for economic benefits and personal safety,enabling fishermen to carry out fishery production better,and contributing to the sustainable development of the fishery *** objective of this paper is to offer an understanding of the present state of research and development in SML technology for simulating and forecasting fishery ***,we analyze the current state of research and technical features of SML in weather and summarize the applications of SML in simulation and forecasting of fishery weather,which mainly include three aspects:fishery weather scenario generation,fishery weather forecasting,and fishery extreme weather *** also illustrate the main technical means and principles of SML ***,we summarize the most advanced SML fields and provide an outlook on their application value in the field of fishery weather.

关键词： Fishery weather Statistical machine learning Weather generation Weather forecasting Extreme weather warning

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An Enterococcus faecalis isolate harboring both aerobic and anaerobic uric acid metabolic pathways alleviates hyperuricemia in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Depeng Li Xinyue Yang A La Teng Zhu La Meihong Zhang Zhengtian Lü Yuqing Feng Dan Liu Yuming Guo Yongfei Hu State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding， College of animal Science and Technology， China Agricultural University

Probiotics have been demonstrated to be effective and safe for hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout treatment. Hence， identifying microbes with high uric acid- or purine-metabolizing ability is highly important. Due to the high load of uric acid in chicken feces， we hypothesized that the chicken gut would be an excellent source for new uric acid or purine-metabolizing microbes. In this study， we examined chicken gut contents to isolate an Enterococcus faecalis strain (designated CML390) that displayed high uric acid-degrading ability. In vitro experiments indicated that E. faecalis CML390 could effectively metabolize uric acid under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions， and the richer the nutrients， the higher the rate of uric acid degradation. By integrating genomics， transcriptomics， and metabolomics analyses， we revealed two pathways involved in aerobic and anaerobic uric acid degradation， respectively， in this isolate. E. faecalis CML390 relies on oxygen to metabolize uric acid into substances such as allantoin under aerobic conditions， while it also harbors a conserved uric acid-inducible gene cluster for anaerobic uric acid metabolism. An in vivo experiment showed that gavage with live E. faecalis CML390 in a mouse model of HUA (established using a combination of uric acid and potassium oxonate) significantly reduced serum uric acid levels and alleviated HUA. Our findings contribute to the exploration of the pathways and mechanisms of uric acid metabolism in intestinal microorganisms and provide a candidate probiotic for the treatment of HUA and gout.

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Pseudorabies virus manipulates mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 for viral replication

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 403-413页

作者： Xiu-Qing Li Meng-Pan Cai Ming-Yang Wang Bo-Wen Shi Guo-Yu Yang Jiang Wang Bei-Bei Chu Sheng-Li Ming College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of animal Biochemistry and Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory Zhengzhou 450046China International Joint Research center of National animal Immunology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for animal Pathogens and Biosafety Zhengzhou 450046China School of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China

The pseudorabies virus(PRV)is identified as a double-helical DNA virus responsible for causing Aujeszky's disease,which results in considerable economic impacts *** enzyme tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2(WARS2),a mitochondrial protein involved in protein synthesis,is recognized for its broad expression and vital role in the translation *** findings of our study showed an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of WARS2 following PRV infection in both cell cultures and animal *** WARS2 expression via RNA interference in PK-15 cells led to a reduction in PRV infection rates,whereas enhancing WARS2 expression resulted in increased infection ***,the activation of WARS2 in response to PRV was found to be reliant on the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway and the interferon-alpha receptor-1,highlighting its regulation via the type I interferon signaling *** analysis revealed that reducing WARS2 levels hindered PRV's ability to promote protein and lipid *** research provides novel evidence that WARS2 facilitates PRV infection through its management of protein and lipid levels,presenting new avenues for developing preventative and therapeutic measures against PRV infections.

关键词： Pseudorabies virus WARS2 Innate immunity Protein synthesis Lipid synthesis

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