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TMEM63B regulates postnatal development of cochlear sensory epithelia via thyroid hormone signaling

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第6期51卷 673-676页

作者： Chang Ye Tian-Zi Zhang Yan-Yu Zang Yun Stone Shi Guoqiang Wan State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model animal for Disease Study Model Animal Research CenterMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210032China Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology ZhuhaiGuangdong 519031China

Sound transmission occurs in the cochlea,a complex and ingenious subdivision in the inner *** structure of the cochlea develops structurally and functionally by the time before two postnatal weeks(the time of hearing onset)in mice(Geal-Dor et al.,1993).Greater epithelial ridge(GER,also known as Kolliker's organ)is a transient cochlear structure containing a group of columnar epithelial supporting cells surrounding the inner hair cells(IHCs).

关键词： cochlear al. supporting

Constitutive modelling of concrete material subjected to low-velocity projectile impact:insights into damage mechanism and target resistance

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第2期25卷 161-182页

作者： Shen LIU Xieping HUANG Xiangzhen KONG Qin FANG center for Hypergravity experiment and Interdisciplinary Research Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention&Mitigation of Explosion&Impact Army Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China

This paper presents a numerical study to improve the understanding of the complex subject of penetration and perforation of concrete targets impacted by low-velocity *** main focus is on the damage mechanisms and the major factors that account for the target resistance of the *** improved continuous surface cap model recently proposed was *** model was first equipped with element erosion criteria and was adequately validated by comparisons with ballistic *** numerical simulations were carried out where the individual influence of tensile,shear,and volumetric behaviors(pore collapse)of a concrete target on its ballistic performance was *** demonstrated that cratering on the front face and scabbing on the rear face of the concrete target were mainly dominated by its tensile *** major target resistance came from the second tunneling stage which was primarily governed by the shear and volumetric behaviors of the ***,this study captured the pore collapse-induced damage phenomenon during the high-pressure tunneling stage,which has been extensively reported in experiments but has usually been neglected in previous numerical investigations.

关键词： Penetration Perforation Damage mechanism Target resistance Projectile impact Pore collapse

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation levels determined adipogenesis and fat accumulation in adipose tissue in pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第05期 2093-2105页

作者： Enfa Yan Mingyang Tan Ning Jiao Linjuan He Boyang Wan Xin Zhang Jingdong Yin State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Agricultural University Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science center of the Ministry of Education (MOE)

Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry, especially in most breeds of obese type pigs. The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib), is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM), which play an important role in transcription, energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells, but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been *** In this study, we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac), Khib, crotonylation(Kcr) and succinylation(Ksu) of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs), myogenic precursors(Myo) and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) with varied differentiation potential, and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs. Consistently, in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5) and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2) protein levels, the Khib levels increased quadratically(P < 0.01) during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs. KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation, while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation. We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs) and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs), respectively. Accordingly, the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type *** From the perspective of protein translational modification, we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs, and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.

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A cell transcriptomic profile p ovides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 182-200页

作者： Yongliang Fan Long Jin Zhiping He Tiantian Wei Tingting Luo Jiaman Zhang Can Liu Changjiu Dai Chao A Yan Liang Xuan Tao Xuebin Lv Yiren Gu Mingzhou Li State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Key Laboratory of Qinghai‑Tibetan Plateau animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animal Science AcademyChengdu 610000China

Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring *** Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages(d 90 of gestation, G90;d 0 after lactation, L0;d 20 after lactation, L20;2 d post natural involution, PI2;7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation(G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation(L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution(PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populatio

关键词： Adipocytes Cell–cell interaction Development Mammary gland snRNA-seq

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Transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of muscle growth during the postnatal period of broilers

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第05期 1851-1865页

作者： Shuang Gu Qiang Huang Yuchen Jie Congjiao Sun Chaoliang Wen Ning Yang State Key Laboratory of animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural University National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University

Background Broilers stand out as one of the fastest-growing livestock globally, making a substantial contribution to animal meat production. However, the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and development of broiler chickens are still unclear. This study aims to explore muscle development patterns and regulatory networks during the postnatal rapid growth phase of fast-growing broilers. We measured the growth performance of Cornish(CC) and White Plymouth Rock(RR) over a 42-d period. Pectoral muscle samples from both CC and RR were randomly collected at day 21 after hatching(D21) and D42 for RNA-seq and ATAC-seq library *** The consistent increase in body weight and pectoral muscle weight across both breeds was observed as they matured, with CC outpacing RR in terms of weight at each stage of development. Differential expression analysis identified 398 and 1,129 genes in the two dimensions of breeds and ages, respectively. A total of 75,149 ATAC-seq peaks were annotated in promoter, exon, intron and intergenic regions, with a higher number of peaks in the promoter and intronic regions. The age-biased genes and breed-biased genes of RNA-seq were combined with the ATAC-seq data for subsequent analysis. The results spotlighted the upregulation of ACTC1 and FDPS at D21, which were primarily associated with muscle structure development by gene cluster enrichment. Additionally, a noteworthy upregulation of MUSTN1, FOS and TGFB3 was spotted in broiler chickens at D42, which were involved in cell differentiation and muscle regeneration after injury, suggesting a regulatory role of muscle growth and *** This work provided a regulatory network of postnatal broiler chickens and revealed ACTC1 and MUSTN1 as the key responsible for muscle development and regeneration. Our findings highlight that rapid growth in broiler chickens triggers ongoing muscle damage and subsequent regeneration. These findings provide a foundatio

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Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 478-489页

作者： Jiahong Zhu Qingyuan Liu Liuya Li Runyu Zhang Yueting Chang Jiakai Zhao Siyu Liu Xinyu Zhao Xu Chen Yani Sun Qin Zhao Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal HealthMinistry of AgricultureYangling712100China

African swine fever virus(ASFV)poses a significant threat to the global swine ***,there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in *** primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected ***,a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene(CD2v-deleted)has been reported in China,which further complicates the control of ASFV infection in pig ***,an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate ***,it is crucial to develop detection methods that can distinguish wild-type and EP402R-deleted ASFV *** this study,two recombinant ASFV-p72 and-CD2v proteins were expressed using a prokaryotic system and used to immunize Bactrian ***,eight nanobodies against ASFV-p72 and ten nanobodies against ASFV-CD2v were *** the production of these nanobodies with horse radish peroxidase(HRP)fusion proteins,the ASFV-p72-Nb2-HRP and ASFV-CD2v-Nb22-HRP fusions were selected for the development of two competitive ELISAs(cELISAs)to detect anti-ASFV *** two cELISAs exhibited high sensitivity,good specificity,repeatability,and *** coincidence rate between the two cELISAs and commercial ELISA kits was 98.6%and 97.6%,***,the two cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV demonstrated ease of operation,a low cost,and a simple production *** two cELISAs could determine whether pigs were infected with wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV,and could play an important role in monitoring ASFV infections in pig farms.

关键词： African swine fever virus(ASFV) ASFV-p72 ASFV-CD2v Nanobody-HRP Competitive ELISA

Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第05期 2106-2121页

作者： Zexi Li Yunfei Li Yufei Zhao Guifu Wang Rujie Liu Yue Li Qamar Aftab Zewei Sun Qingzhen Zhong Jilin Province Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and Technology Key Lab of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University Dongfeng County Sika Deer Industry Development Service center

Background Promoting the synchronization of glucose and amino acid release in the digestive tract of pigs could effectively improve dietary nitrogen utilization. The rational allocation of dietary starch sources and the exploration of appropriate dietary glucose release kinetics may promote the dynamic balance of dietary glucose and amino acid supplies. However, research on the effects of diets with different glucose release kinetic profiles on amino acid absorption and portal amino acid appearance in piglets is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in *** Sixty-four barrows(15.00 ± 1.12 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 groups and fed diets formulated with starch from corn, corn/barley, corn/sorghum, or corn/cassava combinations(diets were coded A, B, C, or D respectively). Protein retention, the concentrations of portal amino acid and glucose, and the relative expression of amino acid and glucose transporter m RNAs were investigated. In vitro digestion was used to compare the dietary glucose release *** Four piglet diets with different glucose release kinetics were constructed by adjusting starch sources. The in vivo appearance dynamics of portal glucose were consistent with those of in vitro dietary glucose release kinetics. Total nitrogen excretion was reduced in the piglets in group B, while apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention increased(P < 0.05). Regardless of the time(2 h or 4 h after morning feeding), the portal total free amino acids content and contents of some individual amino acids(Thr, Glu, Gly, Ala, and Ile) of the piglets in group B were significantly higher than those in groups A, C, and D(P < 0.05). Cluster analysis showed that different glucose release kinetic patterns resulted in different portal amino acid patterns in piglets

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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali Shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(panimal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： Carrie L.Walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional Products Delves RoadHeanorDerbyshireDE757SGUnited Kingdom Research center for animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional ProductsVillage-Neuf68128France

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible(SID)calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308(n=360)male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32%or 0.18%SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90%total Ca and 0.49%non-phytate P(nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18%to 0.60%improved(quadratic,P<0.05)body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio(mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39%and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased(quadratic,P<0.05)as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32%and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534%and 0.398%when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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