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Pattern-based rapid and robust profiling of gut microbiota and its metabolism with a single fluorescent probe

Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Hongli Tan Meizi Zeng Cong Fang Xiaohua Zhu Feng Liu Ying Long Ruijie Deng Peng Yin Meiling Liu Haitao Li Youyu Zhang Shouzhuo Yao Key Laboratory of Chemical biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Interdisciplinary StudiesHunan Normal University Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University College of Biomass Science and Engineering Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan University

The gut microbiota and the associated metabolism play a pivotal role in maintaining human health,yet their assessment is challenging due to their inherent diversity,variety,and ***,we developed a multichannel sensor array based on a single fluorescent probe,allowing for rapid and robust profiling gut microbiota and their key metabolites including cysteine(Cys),glutathione (GSH),and homocysteine (Hcy).The assay leverages the single fluorescent probe that is with multiple binding sites and the cross-reactive sensing principle to specifically recognize different biological *** analyzing the pattern of biological thiols,the assay is capable of rapidly identifying six gut-derived bacteria including probiotics,neutral,and pathogenic strains based on fluorescent fingerprints within 5 min,and also discriminating bacteria and their mixtures with different *** the assay that enables the simultaneous measurement of multiple gut-derived bacteria and their metabolites,the designed array achieved an accuracy of 0.99 when discriminating colorectal cancer (CRC) patient feces samples from healthy ***,the as-prepared sensor array can also be used to identify various stages of *** simplicity,rapidness,and cost-effectiveness of our approach render it a robust platform for the analysis of gut microbiota.

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Prediction of novel layered indium halide superconductors

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 388-393页

作者： Zhi-Hong Yuan Jing-Jing Meng Rui Liu Peng-Yu Zheng Zhi-Ping Yin School of Physics&Astronomy and center for Advanced Quantum studies Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Physics and Information Engineering Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics(Ministry of Education) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

We design two new layered indium halide compounds LaOInF_(2)and LaOInCl_(2)by means of first-principles calculations and evolutionary crystal structure *** find both compounds crystallize in a tetragonal structure with P4/nmm space group and have indirect band gaps of 2.58 eV and 3.21 eV,*** substituting O with F,both of them become metallic and superconducting at low *** F-doping leads to strong electron-phonon coupling in the low-energy acoustic phonon modes which is mainly responsible for the induced *** total electron-phonon coupling strength are 1.86 and 1.48,while the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))are about 7.2 K and 6.5 K with 10%and 5%F doping for LaOInF_(2)and LaOInCl_(2),respectively.

关键词： superconductor LaOInF_(2) LaOInCl_(2) electron-phonon coupling

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Temporal-spatial Generation of Astrocytes in the Developing Diencephalon

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 1-16页

作者： Wentong Hong Pifang Gong Xinjie Pan Zhonggan Ren Yitong Liu Guibo Qi Jun-Liszt Li Wenzhi Sun Woo-Ping Ge Chun-Li Zhang Shumin Duan Song Qin Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Molecular biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9148USA Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of ChinaZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers center for Brain Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

tAstrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian ***,we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development,especially fate specification in different regions of the *** lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle(3V)wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain,we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V ***,radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types:radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the *** genetic fate mapping analysis,we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the *** occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing *** transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle(LV)wall,we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal ***,these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.

关键词： Radial glia Astrocyte specification Lineage tracing Diencephalon Third ventricle

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Geochemical fractionation and potential release behaviour of heavy metals in lead–zinc smelting soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1-11页

作者： Xinghua Luo Chao Xiang Chuan Wu Wenyan Gao Wenshun Ke Jiaqing Zeng Waichin Li Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Science and Environmental studies The Education University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The lack of understanding of heavy metal speciation and solubility control mechanisms in smelting soils limits the effective pollution *** this study smelting soils were investigated by an advanced mineralogical analysis(AMICS),leaching tests and thermodynamic *** aims were to identify the partitioning and release behaviour of Pb,Zn,Cd and *** integration of multiple techniques was necessary and displayed coherent *** addition to the residual fraction,Pb and Zn were predominantly associated with reducible fractions,and As primarily existed as the crystalline iron oxide-bound *** quantitative analysis further confirmed that Fe oxyhydroxides were the common dominant phase for As,Cd,Pb and *** addition,a metal arsenate(paulmooreite)was an important mineral host for Pb and *** pH-stat leaching indicted that the release of Pb,Zn and Cd increased towards low pH values while release of As increased towards high p H *** separate leaching schemes were associated with the geochemical behaviour under the control of minerals and were confirmed by thermodynamic *** calculations suggested that the formation of arsenate minerals(schultenite,mimetite and koritnigite)and the binding to Fe oxyhydroxides synchronously controlled the release of Pb,Zn,Cd and *** results emphasized the governing role of Fe oxyhydroxides and secondary insoluble minerals in natural attenuation of heavy metals,which provides a novelty strategy for the stabilization of multi-metals in smelting sites.

关键词： Smelting soils Heavy metal Fractionation AMICS Geochemical modelling

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Streamlined process for effective and strand-selective mitochondrial base editing using mitoBEs

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第4期10卷 191-200页

作者： Xiaoxue Zhang Zongyi Yi Wei Tang Wensheng Wei Changping Laboratory Biomedical Pioneering Innovation center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Genome Editing Research Center State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life Sciences Peking University Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary studies Peking University

Mitochondrial base editing tools hold great promise for the investigation and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial DNA base editors(mitoBEs) integrate a programmable transcriptionactivator-like effector(TALE) protein with single-stranded DNA deaminase(TadA8e-V106W,APOBEC1, etc.) and nickase(MutH, ***6I(C), etc.) to achieve heightened precision and efficiency in mitochondrial base editing. This innovative mitochondrial base editing tool exhibits a number of advantages, including strand-selectivity for editing, high efficiency, and the capacity to perform diverse types of base editing on the mitochondrial genome by employing various deaminases. In this context,we provide a detailed experimental protocol for mitoBEs to assist others in achieving proficient mitochondrial base editing.

关键词： Mitochondrial DNA base editors (mitoBEs) Transcription-activator-like effector (TALE) Deaminase Nickase

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“Radicalism”and“Conservatism”:The Philosophical Argument of Human Enhancement Technologies(HET)and Its Resolution

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第3期17卷 437-454页

作者： Yi Xianfei Liu Zhuang center for Moral and Cultural studies School of MarxismHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China School of Marxism Hunan International Economics UniversityChangshaHunan 410205China

The philosophical debate between“radicalism”and“conservatism”in emerging human enhancement technologies(HET)has never *** their theoreti-cal claims seem to be distinct from each other,they actually share certain common-alities,which are mainly manifested in three aspects:first,they both hold certain illusions about emerging HET;second,they both reflect the loss of human subjec-tivity in the debate;and third,they both leave the premise of their propositions in *** on the reflection and grasp of these commonalities,we can grasp the possible boundaries of the dissolution of the two oppositions:let HET be“where it is in,”reconfigure anthropocentrism,suspend metaphysical myths,and turn to the“reality of human beings.”

关键词： HET-Radicalism Conservatism Philosophical controversy

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Unveiling the anticancer effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3625-3627页

作者： Naoki Asano Division of Carcinogenesis and Senescence biology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineNatori 981-1293MiyagiJapan Division of Cancer Stem Cell Miyagi Cancer Center Research InstituteNatori 981-1293MiyagiJapan

In this issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology,Huang et al reported that Calculus bovis(CB),a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,impedes the growth of liver cancers in *** further in vitro studies,they showed that CB suppressed the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages by suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway,which consequently inhibited the growth of liver *** the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine are often not scientifically proven,Huang et al successfully identified the molecular mechanism involved in the anticancer effect of CB,and it is anticipated that the molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of other traditional Chinese herbal medicines will be scientifically elucidated,as demonstrated in this article.

关键词： Calculus bovis Chinese herbal medicine Wnt Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Tumor-associated macrophages M2 polarization

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AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1203-1215页

作者： Lalit Mohan Patnaik Wenfeng Wang Consciousness studies Program School of HumanitiesNational Institute of Advanced StudiesBangalore560012India Research Institute of Intelligent Engineering and Data Applications Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai201418China Research center of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China Applied Nonlinear Science Lab Anand International College of EngineeringJaipur391320India London Institute of Technology The ASE-London CTI of SCOLondonCR26EQUK Sino-Indian Joint Research center of AI and Robotics The IMT InstituteBhubaneswar752054India

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also *** a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and ***,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure *** privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are *** imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced *** for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still *** solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.

关键词： Formulation evaluation classification constraints imbalance biases

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Embracing digital mindsets to ensure a sustainable future

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 177-179页

作者： Chengjun Li Riqing Yu Wenjing Ning Huan Zhong Christian Sonne Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of biology Center for EnvironmentBiodiversity and ConservationThe University of Texas at TylerTylerTX 75701USA School of Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China Environmental and Life Science Program Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioK9H 0A1Canada Faculty of Science and Technology Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark 4000The Kingdom of Denmark Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The 19th Asian Games astounded global audiences with an opening spectacle that showcased stunning digital fireworks(International Olympic Committee,2021;Zhe,2023).The groundbreaking display was brought to life through virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)*** sets a pioneering example to replace conventional fireworks in major international events as well as in other large-scale entertainment activities,marking a historic milestone in the pursuit of a sustainable and healthy future.

关键词： Wildlife Climate Change Heavy metals Noise LAN Light pollution

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Atomistic origin of high grain boundary resistance in solid electrolyte lanthanum lithium titanate

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第6期10卷 1214-1221页

作者： Shang Peng Yongjin Chen Xuefeng Zhou Mingxue Tang Jianbo Wang Hua Wang Lin Guo Lujun Huang Wenge Yang Xiang Gao center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR) Beijing100094China School of Physics and Technology Center for Electron MicroscopyMOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structuresand Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China School of Chemistry Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 433Harbin150001China

Lanthanum lithium titanate is one of the promising electrolytes for solid-state lithium-ion batteries due to its high bulk ionic conductivity up to∼10^(−3) S/***,the practical application of this material has been bottlenecked by high grain boundary(GB)resistance,while the underlying mechanism is still under *** we report a comprehensive study with direct evidence to reveal the origin of high GB resistance in La_(2/3)–xLi_(3x)TiO_(3)(LLTO).Atomic-scale observations via advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy show that the GBs are uniformly subject to subsurface segregation of La atoms to compensate for the excess surface *** La segregation leads to an abrupt decrease of charge carrier concentration neighboring GBs and hence is supposed to have deleterious effect on GB *** findings suggest a novel mechanism of space-charge-induced cation segregation,which shed lights on the intrinsic origin of low GB ionic conductivity in LLTO.

关键词： Space-charge layer Cation segregation Intergranullar glassy film Solid-state electrolyte Ionic conductivity

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