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AWells-Riley/based COVID-19 infectiousrisk assessment model combining both short rangeandroom scale effects

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 93-111页

作者： Yinshuai Feng Yifan Fan Xiaoyu Luo Jian Ge College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina International Research center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City International CampusZhejiang UniversityHainingChina

There is growing evidence of the high transmission potential of COVID-19 through virus-laden *** aerosols are inhaled in various concentrations,an overall assessment of transmission risks at different indoor scales is ***,a comprehensive risk assessment method that evaluates the direct link between short-range and room-scale zones is stl *** this paper,a risk assessment model combining both short-range and room-scale effects is developed to obtain effective reproduction number in confined indoor environments,called Turbulent Jet Wells Riley(TJWR)*** with the viral load data and aerosol generation data of different human respiratory activities,the Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to calculate the quanta emission rate,which further provides the input parameters of the TJWR *** known outbreaks(Hangzhou banquet hall X,Guangzhou restaurant Y,and Hong Kong restaurant Z,China)are chosen to validate the TJWR *** show that the TJWR model is more efficient than the original Wells-Riley *** average relative error of the TJWR model ranges between 9%and 44%,while for the Wells-Riley model,it ranges between 57%and 78%.The TJWR model also proves that infection risk assessments using the well-mixed assumption can systematically underestimate the transmission risk for those close to the ***,there is a significant positive linear correlation between the total number of exposed individuals at the short-range and the effective reproduction *** newly developed TJWR model has great potential for rapid and real-time overall airborne transmission risk assessment in buildings and cities.

关键词： COVID-19 airborne transmission infection risk Wells-Riley model Monte Carlo simulation

AI-based modeling and data-driven identification of moving load on continuous beams

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Fundamental Research 2023年第5期3卷 796-803页

作者： He Zhang Yuhui Zhou College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Traffic load identification for bridges is of great significance for overloaded vehicle control as well as the structural management and maintenance in bridge *** the conventional load identification methods that always encounter problems of ill-condition and difficulties in identifying multi parameters simultaneously when solving the motion equations inversely,a novel strategy is proposed based on smart sensing combing intelligent algorithm for real-time traffic load *** array of lead zirconium titanate sensors is applied to capture the dynamic responses of a beam bridge,while the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network is employed to establish the mapping relations between the dynamic responses of the bridge and the traffic load through data *** results reveal that,with the real-time strain responses fed into the LSTM network,the speed and magnitude of the moving load may be identified simultaneously with high accuracy when compared to the practically applied *** current method may facilitate highly efficient identification of the time-varying characteristics of moving loads and may provide a useful tool for long-term traffic load monitoring and traffic control for in-service bridges.

关键词： Traffic load identification PZT sensor array Long Short-Term Memory Time-varying characteristic Data-driven method

Energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water system in university dormitories

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Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 641-662页

作者： Zhiqin Rao Shuqin Chen Isaac Lun Lizhi Shen Ang Yu Huijun Fu College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Department of architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China Department of General Affairs Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China

The large-scale application of renewable energy is an important strategy to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the building *** flexibility is essential for ensuring balance between energy demand and supply when targeting the maximum penetration rate of renewable energy during the operation of regional integrated energy *** the energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water systems,which are an important source of such flexibility,is of great significance to the optimal operation of regional integrated energy ***,in this study,based on the annual real-time monitoring data,the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system in university dormitories is evaluated from the perspective of available storage capacity(C_(ADR)),recovery time(t_(recovery)),and storage efficiency(η_(ADR)),by the data-driven simulation *** factors influencing the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system are also *** storage capacity has a strong positive correlation with daily water consumption and a strong negative correlation with daily mean outdoor *** associations indicate that increased water use on the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system is conducive to optimal *** contrast,higher outdoor temperature is *** hourly mean value of the available storage capacity in spring and winter is found to be around 80 kWh in the daytime,and about twice that in summer and *** time is evenly distributed throughout the year,while t_(recovery)/C_(ADR)in spring and winter is about half that in *** storage efficiency was significantly higher in spring,summer,and winter than in *** hourly mean storage efficiency was found to be about 40%in the *** benefits of activating energy flexibility in spring and winter are the best,because these two seasons have higher available storage capacity and storage efficiency,while the benefit

关键词： energy flexibility centralized hot water system university dormitory back propagation(BP)neural network

Non-uniform thermal behavior of single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures considering time-variant environmental factors: analysis and design

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第3期25卷 223-237页

作者： Wucheng XU Xiaoqing ZHENG Xuanhe ZHANG Zhejie LAI Yanbin SHEN College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China Innovation center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Space Structures Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Contrary to conventional design methods that assume uniform and slow temperature changes tied to atmospheric conditions,single-layer spherical reticulated shells undergo significant non-uniform and time-variant temperature variations due to dynamic environmental *** differences can affect structural performance and pose safety ***,a systematic numerical method was developed and applied to simulate long-term temperature variations in such a structure under real environmental conditions,revealing its non-uniform distribution characteristics and time-variant regularity.A simplified design method for non-uniform thermal loads,accounting for time-variant environmental factors,was theoretically derived and validated through experiments and *** maximum deviation and mean error rate between calculated and tested results were 6.1℃ and 3.7%,*** temperature fields aligned with simulated ones,with deviations under 6.0℃.Using the design method,non-uniform thermal effects of the structure are *** member stress and nodal displacement under non-uniform thermal loads reached 119.3 MPa and 19.7 mm,representing increases of 167.5%and 169.9%,respectively,compared to uniform thermal *** impacts of healing construction time on non-uniform thermal effects were evaluated,resulting in construction *** methodologies and conclusions presented here can serve as valuable references for the thermal design,construction,and control of single-layer spherical reticulated shells or similar structures.

关键词： Non-uniform temperature field Non-uniform thermal load Non-uniform thermal effect Single-layer spherical reticulated shell Time-variant environmental factor

Micromechanics of Thermal Conductive Composites:Review,Developments and Applications

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 215-237页

作者： Guannan Wang Yulin Huang Mengyuan Gao Qiang Chen Department of Civil Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Micromechanics investigations of composites with fiber-shaped reinforcement are extensively applied in the engineering design and theoretical analysis of thermal composites in the aerospace engineering and high-tech *** this paper,a critical review of various classical micromechanics approaches is provided based on the classification framework and the development of micromechanics *** numerical micromechanics tools have been developed to overcome limitations through exactly/approximately solving the internal governing equations of *** connections and limitations of those models are also investigated and discussed,based on which three recently developed numerical or semi-analytical models are explained,including finite-element micromechanics,finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics,and locally exact homogenization theory,as well as machine learning *** it is almost inevitable to mention the interfacial effects on thermal behavior of fibrous composites,we review the new mathematical relations that interrupt the original continuity conditions due to the existence of interphase/interface within unit *** speaking,the interphase/interface is demonstrated to play a significant role in influencing the effective coefficients and localized thermal *** present work also briefly reviews the application of micromechanics tools in emerging engineered woven composites,natural fibrous composites,and ablative thermal protection *** is demonstrated that sophisticated micromechanics tools are always demanded for investigating the effective and localized responses of thermal fibrous composites.

关键词： Micromechanics models Thermal fibrous composites Microstructural detail-free models Semi-analytical and numerical methods Interfacial effects Woven composites Natural composites

A GPU-Based Parallel Algorithm for 2D Large Deformation Contact Problems Using the Finite Particle Method

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第11期129卷 595-626页

作者： Wei Wang Yanfeng Zheng Jingzhe Tang Chao Yang Yaozhi Luo College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028China Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310028China

Large deformation contact problems generally involve highly nonlinear behaviors,which are very time-consuming and may lead to convergence *** finite particle method(FPM)effectively separates pure deformation from total motion in large deformation *** addition,the decoupled procedures of the FPM make it suitable for parallel computing,which may provide an approach to solve time-consuming *** this study,a graphics processing unit(GPU)-based parallel algorithm is proposed for two-dimensional large deformation contact *** fundamentals of the FPM for planar solids are first briefly introduced,including the equations of motion of particles and the internal forces of quadrilateral ***,a linked-list data structure suitable for parallel processing is built,and parallel global and local search algorithms are presented for contact *** contact forces are then derived and directly exerted on *** proposed method is implemented with main solution procedures executed in parallel on a *** verification problems comprising large deformation frictional contacts are presented,and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is ***,the algorithm’s performance is investigated via a large-scale contact problem,and the maximum speedups of total computational time and contact calculation reach 28.5 and 77.4,respectively,relative to commercial finite element software Abaqus/Explicit running on a single-core central processing unit(CPU).The contact calculation time percentage of the total calculation time is only 18%with the FPM,much smaller than that(50%)with Abaqus/Explicit,demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： Finite particle method graphics processing unit(GPU) parallel computing contact algorithm large

GPU-accelerated vector-form particle-element method for 3D elastoplastic contact of structures

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第12期24卷 1120-1130页

作者： Wei WANG Yanfeng ZHENG Jingzhe TANG Chao YANG Yaozhi LUO College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China Architectural Design and Research Institute ofZhejiang University Co LtdHangzhou 30028China Key Laboratory of Space Structures of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China

A graphics processing unit(GPU)-accelerated vector-form particle-element method,i.e.,the finite particle method(FPM),is proposed for 3D elastoplastic contact of structures involving strong nonlinearities and computationally expensive contact calculations.A hexahedral FPM element with reduced integration and anti-hourglass is developed to model structural elastoplastic *** 3D space containing contact surfaces is decomposed into cubic cells and the contact search is performed between adjacent cells to improve search efficiency.A connected list data structure is used for storing contact particles to facilitate the parallel contact search *** contact constraints are enforced by explicitly applying normal and tangential contact forces to the contact *** proposed method is fully accelerated by GPU-based parallel *** verification,the performance of the proposed method is compared with the serial finite element code Abaqus/Explicit by testing two large-scale contact *** maximum speedup of the proposed method over Abaqus/Explicit is approximately 80 for the overall computation and 340 for contact ***,the proposed method is shown to be effective and efficient.

关键词： Graphics processing unit(GPU) Parallel acceleration Elastoplastic contact Contact search Finite particle method(FPM)

A real-time sensing system based on triboelectric nanogenerator for dynamic response of bridges

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第11期65卷 2723-2733页

作者： ZHANG He HUANG KangXu ZHOU YuHui SUN LiangFeng ZHANG ZhiCheng LUO JiKui College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China center for balance architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China The Architectural Design&Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co.Ltd. Hangzhou 310063China College of Information Science&Electronic Enginering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The strain of bridges under traffic loads is time-varying and of small amplitude(~10^(-6)),which is a type of cumulative response and needs long-term continuous *** precisely capture the time-varying responses,a dynamic strain triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)sensor with superior response capability,sensitivity,self-powered,and long-term stability is proposed in this *** analytical correlation between the structural strain response signal and the detected electrical signal is established for long-term continuous quantitative strain measurements based on the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction.A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the output performance of the proposed lateral-sliding mode TENG *** results reveal that,with the loading condition with frequencies lower than 10 Hz,the time-varying strain responses of the steel bridge within the range of 3 to 150 microstrains can also be detected with high precision of 0.1 *** it achieves long-term stability after 10000 loading cycles compared with commercial *** proposed novel sensing theory and method based on TENG technology can be applied as a new alternative approach for monitoring realtime structural strain information quantitatively with general applicability and feasibility for bridges.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator self-driven sensing quantitative sensing theory V-Q-εmodel dynamic strain monitoring of civil infrastructures

Assessing the accessibility to fire hazards in preserving historical towns: Case studies in suburban Shanghai, China

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 731-746页

作者： Harrison Huang Lu Li Yan Gu College of Civil Engineering and architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Environmental Design Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina center for balance architecture of Zhejiang University China Architectural Design&Research Institute of Zhejiang University China

Protecting large-scale heritage settlements from being damaged by fires has become increasingly crucial in developing areas that lack adequate legislation, emergency planning, and particularly efficient techniques. This study provides a systematic emergency assessment methodology for evaluating the accessibility of specific fire-fighting techniques to mitigate fire hazards in historical towns and examines how the integration of municipal and local fire services works. Specifically, this paper examines the accessibility of fire trucks, local fire services and the overall protection capacity. There are quantitative calculations of the obstruction degrees on main streets, the feasible moving distances of fire-fighting vehicles and firefighters at a given time, and the fire protection coverage and intensity in each town. Using these methods, this paper systematically assesses the fire resistance of three historical towns, Chuansha, Gaoqiao and Fengjing, as case studies. In contrast to previous studies focusing on the vulnerability of buildings in large historical settlements, this assessment method combines an examination of street networks and various emergency response techniques and is particularly applicable to developing areas.

关键词： Accessibility to fire hazards Emergency assessments Fire-fighting techniques Heritage protection Historical towns Developing areas