检索结果-南通市图书馆

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 545-551页

作者： KHADRO Basma NAMOUR Philippe BESSUEILLE Franois LEONARD Didier JAFFREZIC-RENAULT Nicole University of Lyon Laboratory of AnalyticalCNRS UMR 5180 69622 Villeurbanne France cemagref of Lyon

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions （peptides and amino acids）, which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin （BSA） as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared： four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme （proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X） and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers （first layer： membrane containing proteinase K; second layer： one of the three other enzymes： trypsin, pronase or protease X）. The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon （TOC）, and those of organic nitrogen （No~）, as determined by the laboratory accredits （cemagref of Lyon） using the traditional method of analysis （NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy） and （NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay） respectively for each water sample obtained from different sites in Lyon （France）. The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers： proteinase K ＋ pronase （pkp）. The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 μg/L for TOC and 0.218 μg/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility （2.28%）, a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10-- 30℃ （dependi

关键词： conductometric biosensor proteins enzyme natural water analyses total organic carbon organic nitrogen

Fuzzy Models to Deal with Sensory Data in Food Industry

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2004年第3期21卷 43-48页

作者： Serge Guillaume Brigitte Charnomordic cemagref France INRA France

Sensory data are, due to the lack of an absolute reference, imprecise and uncertain data. Fuzzy logic can handle uncertainty and can be used in approximate reasoning. Automatic learning procedures allow to generate fuzzy reasoning rules from data including numerical and symbolic or sensory variables. We briefly present an induction method that was developed to extract qualitative knowledge from data samples. The induction process is run under interpretability constraints to ensure the fuzzy rules have a meaning for the human expert. We then study two applied problems in the food industry: sensory evaluation and process modeling.

关键词：模糊模型感官数据数据处理感官评价食品品偿

Physical characteristics of conditioned anaerobic digested sludge-A fractal, transient and dynamic rheological viewpoint

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1266-1273页

作者： Yili Wang Emilie Dieude-Fauvel Steven K Dentel College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19711 USA cemagref Les Palaquins 03150 Montoldre Paris France

The changes in the physical characteristics of unconditioned and conditioned anaerobic digested sludge （ADS） biosolids, such as capillary suction time （CST）, yield stress, average size and fractal dimensions, were investigated through a CST test, transient and dynamic rheological test and image analysis. The results showed that the optimum polymer dose range was observed when CST or its reciprocal value was employed as an indicator. There were good correlations between the yield stresses determined from both a controlled shear stress test and a strain amplitude sweep test. The yield stress and storage modulus （G＇） increased as the polymer dose increased in most cases. A frequency sweep test revealed that polymer conditioning could extend the frequency sweep ranges for their elastic behaviors over viscous behaviors as well as the gel-like structure in the linear viscoelastic range. These results implied that more deformation energy was stored in this rigid structure, and that elastic behavior became increasingly dominant with the addition of the polymer in most cases, In addition, both the average sizes and two-dimensional fractal dimensions for conditioned ADS biosolids presented a similar up-climax-down variation trend as the polymer doses increased, whereas the critical polymer doses at the highest average sizes or two-dimensional fractal dimensions, were different. Correlation analysis revealed that the conditioned ADS dewaterability was not correlated with the yield stresses, while the average sizes or the two-dimensional fractal dimensions for conditioned ADS biosolids could be taken as the indication parameters for ADS dewaterability.

关键词： anaerobic digested sludge conditioning dynamic oscillatory test yield stress fractal dimensions polymer dose

Surfactant Influence on Droplet Size and Velocity Spectra from Hollow Cone and Air Induced Sprays

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

农业科学与技术：B 2011年第5期1卷 718-727页

作者： A. Vallet C. Tinet cemagref UMR ITAP 361 rue JF Breton Montpellier 34196 France

During pesticide spraying, some of the smallest or slowest droplets do not reach the target and may contribute to spray drift. Therefore, it is important to characterize droplet size and velocity close to the nozzle exit. The aim of this study was to contribute to the comprehension of spray formation. Surfactant influence on spray characteristics was studied by comparing water spray with sprays containing three different surfactants. Two nozzles including a classical hollow cone nozzle ATR (Albuz, France) and an air-induced hollow cone nozzle TVI which is a low-drift nozzle (Albuz, France) were chosen. Radial profiles of the axial velocity component and Sauter mean diameter at two axial distances from the nozzle exit were measured using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). Results showed that sprays issued from ATR and TVI nozzles were very different, even when water was sprayed. Effect of adding surfactant depended on the nozzle type. Sheet thickness was reduced by adding Elton and Heliosol regardless of the nozzle type. They reduced spray angle of ATR nozzle spray but did not affect that of TVI nozzle. Break-Thru has a slight effect when sprayed through the ATR nozzle, but it has the most pronounced effect on the SMD when sprayed through the TVI nozzle.

关键词：表面活性剂锥形喷嘴喷雾特性液滴尺寸空气污染速度谱空心农药喷洒

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DAM RESERVOIRS SILTATION CYCLES

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DAM RESERVOIRS ...

水资源不均等分配及其影响分析以簸箕李灌区为例

Sixteenth International Water Technology Conference

作者： BESSENASSE M.-PAQUIER A.-MOULLA Saad Dahlab University Blida – Algeria cemagref Hydrology & Hydraulics Research UnitLyon – France Dating & Isotope Tracing Dept.

Sediment transport by water is undoubtedly one of the disciplines of hydraulic science that remained the most unknown. If Saint-Venant could establish a century ago his famous equations that still prevails in Hydraulic modelling nothing comparable exists regarding solid transport. In Algeria, catchment erosion and siltation rates are high enough to significantly reduce the useful volumes of dams. The water mobilisation potential represented by dams decreases by 40 Mm3 yearly which is considerable. The total capacity of the dams managed by the National Agency for Dams and Water Transfers is estimated to be 6.2 Bm3 while the silted volume is estimated at 700 Mm3, which is about 12%. Therefore, the survey of this phenomenon is so crucial for assessing its intensity, and later on to define the right actions that are to be implemented in order to minimize the siltation risk, particularly when it comes to the choice of the most appropriate sites for new reservoirs. The development of mathematical models that are capable of simulating the deposition in a reservoir as a function of the hydrologic regime is required as a complementary tool to the overall analysis of the other watershed inputs. Once proven efficient, these models will become useful in the establishment of well adapted catchment management programmes. The development of a numerical model for predicting sediment deposition upstream of a dam requires, first, a critical analysis of the available data and their reliability with respect to the accuracy of the expected results and secondly, the choice of a calculation method suitable for that data, for the dominant processes and for the objectives of the study. This paper discusses the general methodology that was adopted for conceiving such a sediment transport numerical model.

关键词： Reservoir siltation Numerical model dam preservation Algeria

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

灌溉排水学报 2006年第4期25卷 38-42页

作者：伍靖伟杨金忠 S.Bouarfa B.Vincent 武汉大学水利水电学院水利系 cemagref AntonyFrance 92163

以簸箕李灌区为例,分析了该灌区水资源不均等分配及其所带来的对水资源利用方式和效率的影响。结果表明,在灌区内部从上游到下游,水资源可利用量很不均等,上游享用更多的水资源,地下水起到了调节水资源可用量年内波动的作用。上游地区... 详细信息

以簸箕李灌区为例,分析了该灌区水资源不均等分配及其所带来的对水资源利用方式和效率的影响。结果表明,在灌区内部从上游到下游,水资源可利用量很不均等,上游享用更多的水资源,地下水起到了调节水资源可用量年内波动的作用。上游地区地下水调节了春季水资源可用量的变异性,下游汛期储存的地下水在来年春季被重新利用,年平均利用量达到降雨灌溉总量的40.7%。下游农民应对水资源短缺的另2种途径是进行排水管理和减少种植面积,平均排水再利用量达到40 mm,因此下游地区具有更高的水资源利用效率。在水资源配置中应注意配置方案对水资源利用方式和效率的影响,同时要兼顾效率和公平。

关键词：水资源分配地下水排水联合运用

TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MODERNISATION : EXPERIENCES IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MODERNISATION : EXPE...

Responses of five woody species to burial by marly sediment: the role of biomass allocation pattern flexibility

第19届国际灌排大会

作者： Bruno Molle Kamal Belabbes Ingénieur Chercheur cemagref-IRMO Enseignant-Chercheur Dpt Génie Rural-Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan Ⅱ

＜正＞The Mediterranean countries presently use most of the available or accessible water resources. Irrigated agriculture is using up to 80% of water resources, governments are implementing policies of tariffs and quotas on water allocation, as also programs for modernisation of equipment and practices to decrease water consumption. The paper presents a synthesis of discussions and recommendations drawn during the Wademed INCO concerted action, financed by EU.

关键词：

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第3期5卷 287-293页

作者： M.Burylo F.Rey T.Dutoit cemagref Grenoble UR Ecosystemes Montagnards2 rue de la PapeterieBP 7638402 Saint Martin d’Heres CedexFrance Institut Mediterraneen d’Ecologie et de Paleoecologie Unite Mixte de Recherches CNRS-IRDInstitut Universitaire deTechnologieUniversite d’AvignonAgroparcBP 120784911 Avignon Cedex 9France

Aims In eroded lands of the French Southern Alps,burial of early established seedlings under marly sediment weakens the effect of vegetation on soil stabilization and sediment ***,this protective role is largely dependent on species’resistance to burial,and the understanding of species’tolerance to this environmental disturbance is highly valuable for basic knowledge on plant succession and for ecological restoration *** The response of five woody species with contrasting ecological requirements and natural habitats—three tree species,Pinus nigra,Robinia pseudoacacia and Acer campestre,and two shrubs,Ononis fruticosa and Hippophae rhamnoides—to experimental burial under marly sediment was *** were exposed to three burial levels:no burial(control),partial burial(50%of seedling height)and complete burial(100%of seedling height).Burial tolerance was evaluated based on seedling survival,height and *** allocation to shoots and roots and soluble sugar and starch contents in roots and stems were measured to identify plant traits that determine species response to *** Findings All species survived partial burial but only *** seedlings emerged from complete *** species were more tolerant to burial and buried plants showed no significant differences with *** two shrubs were found less tolerant and buried plants showed slower growth than *** results showed that species response was not related to initial soluble and starch content in roots and stems,but instead to biomass allocation pattern flexibility.

关键词： burial sediment marls response to burial plant traits

Study of Simple Hydrodynamic Solutions with the Two-Relaxation-Times Lattice Boltzmann Scheme

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第3期3卷 519-581页

作者： Irina Ginzburg Frederik Verhaeghe Dominique d’Humieres cemagref Antony Regional CentreParc de Tourvoie–BP 4492163Antony CedexFrance Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 443001LeuvenBelgium Laboratoire de Physique Statistique ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieureassociated to CNRS and P.and M.Curie and D.Diderot Universities24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris C´edex 05France.

For simple hydrodynamic solutions, where the pressure and the velocity arepolynomial functions of the coordinates, exact microscopic solutions are constructedfor the two-relaxation-time (TRT) Lattice Boltzmann model with variable forcing andsupported by exact boundary schemes. We show how simple numerical and analyticalsolutions can be interrelated for Dirichlet velocity, pressure and mixed (pressure/tangential velocity) multi-reflection (MR) type schemes. Special care is taken toadapt themfor corners, to examine the uniqueness of the obtained steady solutions andstaggered invariants, to validate their exact parametrization by the non-dimensionalhydrodynamic and a “kinetic” (collision) number. We also present an inlet/outlet“constant mass flux” condition. We show, both analytically and numerically, that thekinetic boundary schemes may result in the appearance of Knudsen layers which arebeyond the methodology of the Chapman-Enskog analysis. Time dependent Dirichletboundary conditions are investigated for pulsatile flow driven by an oscillating pressuredrop or forcing. Analytical approximations are constructed in order to extend thepulsatile solution for compressible regimes.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann equation Dirichlet boundary conditions pressure boundary conditions two-relaxation-time model Knudsen layers exact hydrodynamic solutions staggered invariants pulsatile flow.