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Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among the catholic university of eastern africa Staff, Langata Campus, Nairobi, Kenya

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第2期9卷 103-119页

作者： Okubatsion Tekeste Okube Flavia Benora Omandi Department of Nursing The Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA) Nairobi Kenya

Background: Overweight and obesity are escalating global problem, causing multiple life threatening non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and some forms of cancer [1] [2]. Although the burden is particularly heavy in developing countries including Kenya, yet extensive data is still lacking in these countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for obesity and overweight among the catholic university of eastern africa (CUEA) staff, Langata Campus, Nairobi, Kenya. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 301 CUEA staff. WHO stepwise-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding respondents’ socio-demographic, lifestyle characteristics and anthropometric. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. Descriptive Data were descriptively analyzed into proportions and frequency tables, while to determine relationships between various variables;One-Way ANOVA was employed. The ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from KNH-university of Nairobi Ethical Review Committee. The institutional permission was granted by the administration of CUEA. The consent was obtained from the respondents before data collection was commenced. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the respondents was 47.5% and 36.3% respectively. Based on waist circumference (WC), the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men was 42.6% and 37.2% respectively. While among the women the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 56.8% and 19.5% respectively. The mean BMI (p = 0.006) and the mean WC (p = 0.004) were significantly higher among respondents aged ≤40 years old. Additionally, the mean WC was significantly higher among male respondents compared to the female counterparts (p = 0.003). Daily consumption of vegetables (p = 0.022) and fruits (p = 0.017) was significantly associated

关键词： Prevalence Determinants Overweight/Obesity

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Mathematical Modeling of HIV Investigating the Effect of Inconsistent Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1063-1078页

作者： Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), if not attended to in good time. Antiretroviral therapy is used for managing the virus in a patient’s lifetime. Some of the symptoms of the disease include lean body mass and many opportunistic infections. This study has developed a SIAT mathematical model to investigate the impact of inconsistency in treatment of the disease. The arising non-linear differential equations have been obtained and analyzed. The DFE and its stability have been obtained and the study found that it is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium has been obtained and found to be globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical solutions have been obtained and analyzed to give the trends in the spread dynamics. The inconsistency in treatment uptake has been analyzed through the numerical solutions. The study found that when the treatment rate of those infected increases, it leads to an increase in treatment population, which slows down the spread of HIV and vice versa. An increase in the rate of treatment of those with AIDS leads to a decrease in the AIDS population, the reverse happens when this rate decreases. The study recommends that the community involvement in advocating for consistent treatment of HIV to curb the spread of the disease.

关键词： HIV Modeling Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

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Mathematical Modeling of the Co-Infection Dynamics of HIV and Tuberculosis Incorporating Inconsistency in HIV Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1744-1768页

作者： Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

A non-linear HIV-TB co-infection has been formulated and analyzed. The positivity and invariant region has been established. The disease free equilibrium and its stability has been determined. The local stability was determined and found to be stable under given conditions. The basic reproduction number was obtained and according to findings, co-infection diminishes when this number is less than unity, and persists when the number is greater than unity. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium was calculated. The impact of HIV on TB was established as well as the impact of TB on HIV. Numerical solution was also done and the findings indicate that when the rate of HIV treatment increases the latent TB increases while the co-infected population decreases. When the rate of HIV treatment decreases the latent TB population decreases and the co-infected population increases. Encouraging communities to prioritize the consistent treatment of HIV infected individuals must be emphasized in order to reduce the scourge of HIV-TB co-infection.

关键词： Co-Infection Modeling HIV-TB Co-Infection Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

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Molecular insights into oil detachment from hydrophobic quartz surfaces in clay-hosted nanopores during steam-surfactant co-injection

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2457-2468页

作者： Ben-Jie-Ming Liu Xuan-Tong Lei Mohammadali Ahmadi Zhangxin Chen Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary eastern Institute of Technology

Thermal recovery techniques for producing oil sands have substantial environmental impacts. Surfactants can efficiently improve thermal bitumen recovery and reduce the required amount of steam. Such a technique requires solid knowledge about the interaction mechanism between surfactants, bitumen,water, and rock at the nanoscale level. In particular, oil sands ores have extremely complex mineralogy as they contain many clay minerals(montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite). In this study, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the unclear mechanisms of clay minerals contributing to the bitumen recovery under a steam-anionic surfactant co-injection process. We found that the clay content significantly influenced an oil detachment process from hydrophobic quartz surfaces. Results reveal that the presence of montmorillonite, illite, and the siloxane surface of kaolinite in nanopores can enhance the oil detachment process from the hydrophobic surfaces because surfactant molecules have a stronger tendency to interact with bitumen and quartz. Conversely, the gibbsite surfaces of kaolinite curb the oil detachment process. Through interaction energy analysis, the siloxane surfaces of kaolinite result in the most straightforward oil detachment process. In addition, we found that the clay type presented in nanopores affected the wettability of the quartz surfaces. The quartz surfaces associated with the gibbsite surfaces of kaolinite show the strongest hydrophilicity. By comparing previous experimental findings with the results of molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, we observed consistent wetting characteristics. This alignment serves to validate the reliability of the simulation outcomes. The outcome of this paper makes up for the lack of knowledge of a surfactant-assisted bitumen recovery process and provides insights for further in-situ bitumen production engineering designs.

关键词： Clay minerals Bitumen Contact angle Interaction energy Surfactant Molecular dynamics

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An overlapping grid spectral collocation analysis on a newly developed hybrid nanofluid flow model

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第1期13卷 98-117页

作者： Amir Yaseen Khan Musawenkhosi Patson Mkhatshwa Sabyasachi Mondal Melusi Khumalo Noor Fadiya Mohd Noor Department of Mathematics Amity UniversityKolkataNewtown 700135West BengalIndia Department of Mathematical Sciences University of South AfricaCnr Christian de Wet Rd&Pioneer AvenueFlorida 1709South Africa Department of Mathematics North-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong 793022MeghalayaIndia Institute of Mathematical Sciences University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

The present study investigates the axisymmetric stagnation point radiativeflow of a Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid over a radially stretched/shrunk *** this paper,a new mathematical model has been developed by taking into consideration the concept of different nanoparticles concentration in a hybrid nanofluid,which are Brownian motion and thermophor-esis of nanoparticles.A new model for entropy generation has also been provided in the present *** non-dimensional governing equations of the developed mathematical model are solved using newly developed and efﬁcient overlapping grid spectral collocation *** stability and residual error test are provided here to show the accuracy of the numer-ical method in this mathematical *** outcomes offluidflow,temperature,and two different types of concentration proﬁles are depicted,and described in graphical and tabular *** the limiting instances,comparison shows excellent agreement among current and results established in the *** the strength of magneticﬁeld is seen to increase the radial component offluid velocity as well as the entropy generated within the *** different nanofluid concentration proﬁles are increasing and decreasing with rising thermophor-esis and Brownian motion parameters,respectively,from a particular height above the disk because of the revised nanofluid boundary *** proﬁle increases here with increasing Biot number,and increasing Brinkman number causes higher entropy generation number for both stretching and shrinking *** enhanced thermal characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid over the single particle nanofluid has been observed.ª2024 The *** services by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Communications ***.

关键词： Axisymmetricflow Hybrid nanofluid Thermal radiation Overlapping grid method Entropy generation

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Effect of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles on bioactivity,composition,structure,in vitro and in vivo behavior of PEO coatings on Mg-alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2360-2379页

作者： D.V.Mashtalyar I.M.Imshinetskiy V.V.Kashepa K.V.Nadaraia M.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova K.A.Fomenko A.Yu.Ustinov S.L.Sinebryukhov S.V.Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022Russia Far eastern Federal university Vladivostok690950Russia Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary Vladivostok690033Russia

The present study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics,behavior in vitro and in vivo,and biocompatibility of coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5),which are obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on MA8 magnesium *** obtained coatings demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility and in vitro *** to the base PEO coating,the layers containing Ta_(2)O_(5)facilitate the development of apatite in simulated body fluid,suggesting that the inclusion of nanoparticles improves bioactivity of the *** was found that incorporation of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles increases roughness and porosity of the formed layers by increasing particle concentration in electrolytes for the PEO process contributing to sufficient soft tissue ingrowth in *** on in vivo studies,these coatings also provide favorable tissue response and minimal inflammatory reaction in comparison with the bare magnesium alloy due to protection of living tissues from deleterious corrosion events of magnesium implant such as local alkalization and intense hydrogen *** results obtained in the present study concluded biocompatibility,tissue integration of the PEO coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles making them a promising protective layer for biodegradable magnesium implants.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation Bioactive coatings Tantalum pentoxide Simulated body fluid(SBF) Apatite formation Histology

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Examining dietary interventions in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3868-3874页

作者： Lynna Chen Ashish Srinivasan Abhinav Vasudevan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Eastern HealthBox Hill 3128Australia eastern Clinical School Monash UniversityBox Hill 3128Australia

This editorial builds on the article by Shakhshir et *** conducted an overview of evidence-based dietary interventions in adults with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).In the IBD population,there may be a role for the Mediterranean diet due to its anti-inflammatory effects,long-term sustainability,and role in improving cardiovascular *** active Crohn’s disease,the use of exclusive enteral nutrition,the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet,or the specific carbohydrate diet may be used as a short-term adjunct to medical therapy and may improve mucosal *** low-FODMAP diet can assist in reducing symptoms for patients without evidence of active bowel *** interest in nutritional therapy increases amongst clinicians and patients alike,it is integral that dietary therapies are understood and discussed in routine management of patients with IBD as part of holistic care,ideally through a multidisciplinary setting with involvement of experienced *** serves to improve clinician-patient engagement and reduce complications of IBD including micro and micronutrient deficiencies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Nutrition Dietary therapies Inflammation Malnutrition

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Intracellular zinc signaling via Kruppel-like transcription factor 6 promotes HuD expression in pancreatic β cell

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 24-27页

作者： Seongho Cha Chongtae Kim Myeongwoo Jung Seungyeon Ryu Sukyoung Han Wook Kim Eun Kyung Lee Department of Biochemistry Department of Biomedicine&Health SciencesCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul 06591South Korea catholic Institute for Visual Science College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul 06591South Korea Department of Molecular Science&Technology Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499South Korea

Dysfunction of pancreaticβcells caused by zinc deficiency is related to the pathogenesis of diabetes.1 Impaired zinc homeostasis in diabetes is associated with reduced zinc transporters.2 Down-regulation of HuD,an es... 详细信息

关键词： βcell homeostasis zinc

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Approach to loss of response to advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2902-2919页

作者： Nikil Vootukuru Abhinav Vasudevan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Eastern HealthVictoriaBox Hill 3128Australia eastern Health Clinical School Monash UniversityVictoriaBox Hill 3128Australia

BACKGROUND Remarkable progress over the last decade has equipped clinicians with many options in the treatment of inflammatory bowel *** now have the unique opportunity to provide individualized treatment that can achieve and sustain remission in many ***,issues of primary non-response(PNR)and secondary loss of response(SLOR)to non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi)therapies remains a common *** issues include the choice of optimization of therapy,identifying when dose optimization will recapture response,establishing optimal dose for escalation and when to switch *** To explores the issues of PNR and SLOR to non-TNFi *** This review explores the current evidence and literature to elucidate management options in cases of PNR/*** will also explore potential predictors for response following SLOR/PNR to therapies including the role of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM).RESULTS In the setting of PNR and loss of response to alpha-beta7-integrin inhibitors and interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-23 inhibitors dose optimization is a reasonable option to capture *** Janus kinase inhibitors dose optimization can be utilized to recapture response with loss of *** The role of TDM in the setting of advanced non-TNFi therapies to identify patients who require dose optimization and as a predictor for clinical remission is not yet established and this remains an area that should be addressed in the future.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn Biologics Interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 inhibitors Alpha-beta7-integrin inhibitors Janus kinase inhibitors Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators

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The Effects of Competence and Auditor Training on Fraud Detection Within Multinational Companies in Sub-Saharan africa

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2024年第1期20卷 1-13页

作者： Ivan Djossa Tchokoté Joëlle Tsobze Tiomeguim catholic university of Central africa YaoundéCameroon Ernst&Young DoualaCameroun

The aim of this study is to examine the qualities that auditors engaged in detecting potential fraud within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan africa should *** achieve this goal,a quantitative approach was used to develop and test a research model based on three theories:agency theory,attribution theory,and cognitive dissonance *** from a panel of two hundred and nine(209)auditors who conducted a legal audit mission in a Sub-Saharan multinational were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3.3 *** results emphasize the crucial importance of auditors’competence and continuous training in fraud ***,professional skepticism and time pressure were found to be non-significant in this *** conclusion provides essential insights for auditors,highlighting the key qualities needed to effectively address fraud detection within multinational corporations in Sub-Saharan africa.

关键词： fraud legal audit fraud detection multinationals Sub-Saharan africa

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