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Known yet underdiagnosed:Invasive assessment of coronary microvascular disease and its implications

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World Journal of cardiology 2025年第1期17卷 8-14页

作者： Sukhdeep Bhogal Akash Batta Bishav Mohan Department of cardiology Sovah HealthMartinsvilleVA 24112United States Department of cardiology Dayanand Medical College and HospitalLudhiana 141001PunjabIndia

Coronary microvascular disease(CMD)is one of the commonest causes of cardiac chest *** condition is more prevalent in women,and incidence is known to increase with age,hypertension,and *** pathophysiological pathways are heterogenous and related to intrinsic vascular and endothelial ***,this entity is known to be associated with adverse cardiovascular *** this,there is inertia amongst cardiologists to further evaluate patients with non-critical coronary artery disease and suspected *** refinement in technology,we have now better understanding of CMD and invasive testing in the catheterization laboratory is a viable option for confirming the diagnosis of ***,despite advances in diagnosing and stratifying this entity,therapeutic options remain limited and poorly *** this editorial,we will briefly focus on the pathophysiology and invasive assessment and therapeutic options available for CMD.

关键词： Coronary microvascular disease Endothelial dysfunction Invasive assessment Coronary flow reserve Hyperemic myocardial velocity resistance Pressurewire X

Cardiac arrest:Pre-hospital strategies to facilitate successful resuscitation and improve recovery rates

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World Journal of cardiology 2025年第1期17卷 55-64页

作者： George Latsios Elias Sanidas Maria Velliou George Nikitas Pavlos Bounas Charalampos Parisis Andreas Synetos Konstantinos Toutouzas Costas Tsioufis st University Department of cardiology "Hippokration"General HospitalAthens Medical SchoolAthens 11527Greece Department of cardiology “Laiko”General HospitalAthens 11527Greece Department of Emergency Medicine Athens Medical School“Attikon”University HospitalAthens 12462Greece Department of cardiology Panarkadiko General HospitalTripoli 22100Greece Department of cardiology "Thriasio"General HospitalElefsina 19600Greece Department of cardiology 404 General Military HospitalLarisa 41222Greece

The estimated annual incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is approximately 120 cases per 100000 inhabitants in western *** the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and use of automated external defibrillator are increasing,the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge is no more than 8%.To date,various devices and methods have been utilized in the initial CPR approach targeting to improve survival and neurological outcomes in OHCA *** aim of this review is to discuss strategies that facilitate resuscitation,increase the chance to achieve return to spontaneous circulation and improve survival to hospital discharge and neurological outcomes in the prehospital setting.

关键词： Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Resuscitation Automated external defibrillator Survival

Pathogenic genes and clinical prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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World Journal of cardiology 2025年第1期17卷 47-54页

作者： Ying Hong Hu-Tao Xi Xin-Yi Yang Wilber W Su Xiao-Ping Li Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases&Department of cardiology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of cardiology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of cardiology Banner-University Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85006United States

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is an autosomal dominant inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular *** is one of the chief causes of sudden cardiac death in younger people and ***-genetic studies have confirmed that the vast majority of HCM is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere *** has a relatively wide phenotypic heterogeneity,varying from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death,because of the many different mutations and pathogenic genes underlying *** studies have explored the clinical symptoms and prognosis of HCM,emphasizing the importance of genotype in evaluating patient prognosis and guiding the clinical management of *** elaborate the main pathogenic genes and phenotypic prognosis in HCM to promote a better understanding of this genetic *** analysis of literature to evaluate the association between underlying gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in HCM *** sequencing technology advances,the pathogenic gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of HCM are gradually becoming *** is a widespread inherited disease with a highly variable clinical *** precise mechanisms linking known pathogenic gene mutations and the clinical course of this heterogeneous condition remain elusive.

关键词： Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Genotype Phenotype Pathogenic genes Prognosis

Gentiopicroside Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2025年第2期31卷 118-130页

作者： LI Zhu-qing ZHANG Feng LI Qi WANG Li SUN Xiao-qiang LI Chao YIN Xue-mei LIU Chun-lei WANG Yan-xin DU Xiao-yu LU Cheng-zhi Department of cardiology Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin300192China The First Central Clinical School Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China Department of cardiology The First College of Clinical Medical ScienceChina Three Gorges University&Yichang Central People’s HospitalYichangHubei Province443003China School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China

Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of gentiopicroside(GPS)against reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in endothelial cells,aiming to reduce ***:Eight-week-old male ApoE-deficient mice were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=10 per group):the vehicle group and the GPS treatment *** groups were fed a high-fat diet for 16 ***(40 mg/kg per day)was administered by oral gavage to the GPS group,while the vehicle group received an equivalent volume of the vehicle *** the end of the treatment,blood and aortic tissues were collected for assessments of atherosclerosis,lipid profiles,oxidative stress,and molecular expressions related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation,ROS production,and ***,in vitro experiments on human aortic endothelial cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)were conducted to evaluate the effects of GPS on NLRP3 inflammasome activation,pyroptosis,apoptosis,and ROS production,specifically examining the role of the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)***1 and Nrf2 inhibitors were used to confirm the pathway's ***:GPS treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the en face aorta(P<0.01),as well as in the thoracic and abdominal aortic regions,and markedly decreased sinus lesions within the aortic root(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Additionally,GPS reduced oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18,in lesion areas(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vitro,GPS inhibited ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 activation,as evidenced by reduced NLRP3(P<0.01),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,cleaved-caspase-1,and cleavedgasdermin D expressions(all P<0.01).GPS also decreased ROS production,apoptosis,and pyroptosis,with the beneficial effects being significantly reversed by SIRT1 or Nrf2 ***:GPS exe

关键词： endothelial dysfunction gentiopicroside NLRP3 inflammasome SIRT1 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Chinese medicine

Pathophysiology and Precision Medicine Guided Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2025年第1期15卷 1-7页

作者： Daiyuan Wang Russellville cardiology Consultant Russellville AR USA Department of cardiology St. Peters Hospital Albany NY USA

This paper is based on retrospective and observational data from the author’s 14 years of practice as a general cardiologist in a rural community hospital, which reported 62 cases with initial encounters as inpatients and followed as outpatients over 14 years, which applied the knowledge of physiology and pathophysiology to everyday practice in treating congestive heart failure (CHF). The 62 patients were reported to have had a normal life with a significantly lower readmission rate [1]. This paper illustrates the application of the author’s understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal systems to the treatment of CHF patients. It intends to arouse attention in cardiology regarding our current treatment of CHF patients. It is hoped that this paper will help us improve the quality of life of millions of patients suffering from CHF and lower admission and readmission rates of CHF patients and the cost of CHF treatment by tens of billions of dollars annually.

关键词： Congestive Heart Failure Beta-Blocker Diuretics

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Properties of Graphene and Silicene in Terahertz Range

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2025年第1期17卷 1-13页

作者： Volodymyr Grimalsky Jesus Escobedo-Alatorre Yuriy Rapoport Anatoliy Kotsarenko Center for Investigations on Engineering and Applied Science (CIICAp) Institute for Investigations on Basic and Applied Science (IICBA) Autonomous University of State Morelos (UAEM) Cuernavaca Mexico Space Radio-Diagnostic Research Centre University of Warmia and Mazury (UWM) Olsztyn Poland Faculty of Engineering Autonomous University of Carmen (UNACAR) Ciudad del Carmen Mexico

Resonant linear and nonlinear properties in terahertz range of 2D materials graphene and silicene placed into a bias magnetic field are investigated theoretically on the base of the quasi-classical kinetic theory. When the electromagnetic frequency is close to the cyclotron one, the linear conductivity increases two orders. Under the resonant frequencies nonlinearity becomes essential at low magnitudes of terahertz electric fields. In absence of a bias magnetic field the nonlinear dependences of the surface electric currents on terahertz electric field are practically the same simulated from kinetics and electron hydrodynamics with nonzero “kinetic” electron effective mass. Graphene possesses higher values of nonlinearity of the resonant conductivity, whereas in absence of a bias magnetic field, the electron nonlinearity is higher in silicene.

关键词： Terahertz Range Graphene Silicene Resonant Conductivity Nonlinearity

Association between age at diagnosis of diabetes and ocular disease:Insights from a recent article

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 211-216页

作者： Shi-Qi Liu Dong Wang Cheng-Chun Tang Department of cardiology Zhongda HospitalSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina School of Medicine Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina

In this article,we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular *** study,which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data,highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions,such as cataracts,glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration,and vision loss,independent of glycemic control and disease *** finding challenges the previous belief that diabetic eye disease primarily correlates with *** lifestyles evolve and the age of diabetes diagnosis decreases,understanding this relationship may reveal the complex pathogenesis underlying diabetes-related *** editorial summarizes potential mechanisms connecting the age of diabetes onset with four types of ocular diseases,emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis.

关键词： Diabetes Age at diagnosis Cataract Glaucoma Age-related macular disease Vision acuity

Approved delivery strategies for biopharmaceuticals

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 69-79页

作者： Makhloufi Zoulikha Zhongjian Chen Jun Wu Wei He School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Geriatric cardiology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

In recent years, biopharmaceuticals have witnessed remarkable advancements, transforming the landscape of therapeutic interventions. Biopharmaceuticals encompassing therapeutics generated through cutting-edge biotechnological methods have shown promising therapeutic outcomes. However, their clinical success hinges significantly on overcoming drug delivery challenges related to stability, intracellular delivery, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Herein, we provide an overview of various marketed macromolecules, including nucleic acids, and immunotherapeutic agents such as cytokines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as other therapeutic peptides/proteins like enzymes, hormones, and coagulation factors. Our primary focus is on elucidating the delivery challenges associated with these macromolecules and highlighting the pivotal role played by drug delivery platforms in the development of currently marketed products, offering valuable insights for both scientific research and the pharmaceutical industry.

关键词： Biopharmaceuticals Drug delivery Monoclonal antibodies Nucleic acids Proteins

Cardiac Rehabilitation and Surgery: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2025年第1期15卷 8-18页

作者： Abdoul Mazid Bah Amadou Diouldé Doumbouya Mamadou Madiou Diallo Mamadou Aliou Baldé Hassatou Diallo Alpha Amadou Barry Abdoulaye Diaby Alpha Oumar Bourouré Diallo Aïssatou Tiguidange Baldé Mariama Djalakhan Diallo Fatoumat Biro Bah Kokoulo Koïvogui Bakary Condé Mariama Oury Sow Alseny Camara Mariama Béavogui Mamadou Bassirou Bah Alpha Koné Souleymane Diakité Ibrahima Sory Barry Elhadj Yaya Baldé Mamadou Dadhi Baldé cardiology Department of Ignace Deen University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to secondary prevention. Its main components include patient assessment (exercise capacity, ventricular function and the existence or risk of arrhythmias), therapeutic education and control of cardiovascular risk factors, optimization of drug therapy, psychosocial support and, of course, personalized physical training. Method: The Basse Terre hospital department served as the setting for this study. All patients admitted to the department for cardiac rehabilitation were our target population. All patients operated on and admitted to the cardiology department for cardiac rehabilitation constituted our study population. A pre-established survey form and patient records were used to collect data. Ethical principles and patient confidentiality were paramount. Results: The prevalence was 13%. The mean age of our patients was 59.66 ± 12.9 years. Valve replacement was 25%;coronary artery bypass grafting was 75%;Kardégic 83.33%, CHBT protocol 83.33%, muscle fatigue 66.66%. 58.33% had 3 - 8 Watts at initial assessment and ≥15 Watts at final assessment. 8.33% atrial dilatation, and 16.66% segmental hypokinesia. 8.33% VO2 and ESV and Q necrosis. Conclusion: Exercise testing is a reliable means of assessing patients’ functional capacity.

关键词： Cardiac Rehabilitation and Surgery