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How can we establish animal models of HIV-associated lymphoma?

ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL medICINE 2024年第4期7卷 484-496页

作者： Xiao, Qing Zhai, Liuyue Zhang, Xiaomei Liu, Yi Li, Jun Xie, Xiaoqing Xu, Guofa He, Sanxiu Fu, Huihui Tang, Yifeng Zhang, Fujie Liu, Yao Chongqing univ Canc Hosp Dept Hematol Oncol Chongqing Key Lab Translat Res Canc Metastasis & I Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing univ Canc Hosp Dept Hematol Oncol Chongqing Key Lab Translat Res Canc Metastasis & I Chongqing 400030 Peoples R China capital med univ Beijing Ditan Hosp Beijing Peoples R China capital med univ Beijing Ditan Hosp Beijing 100015 Peoples R China

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a heightened incidence of lymphomas. To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection, animal models have been developed. These models serve as valuable tools to investigate disease pathobiology, assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs, explore viral reservoirs, and develop eradication strategies. However, there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL), hampering progress in this crucial domain, and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL, despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL, which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL, which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV ***

关键词： animal model HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunodeficient mice primate model PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME B-CELL LYMPHOMA PERIPHERAL-BLOOD IN-VIVO TRANSGENIC MICE RHESUS-MONKEYS VIRUS GROWTH APOPTOSIS

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Hepatoprotective effect of Holothuria leucospilota methanolic extract on dimethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

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ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL medICINE 2024年第4期7卷 544-552页

作者： Dejan, Fatemeh Daneshi, Amineh Aslani, Javad Rajabi Ahmadi, Nasrollah Roozbahani, Narges Eskandari Rahmanian, Elaham Behmanesh, Reza Gheisari, Hamid Reza Shiraz univ Sch Vet Med Dept Basic Sci Shiraz Iran Farzanegan High Sch Dept Educ Tehran Kohgiluyeh & Bo Iran Shiraz univ Sch Vet Med Food Hyg Dept Shiraz Iran Shiraz univ Sch Vet Med Dept Pathol Shiraz Iran Kermanshah univ med sci Imam Reza Hosp Clin Res Dev Ctr Kermanshah Iran Shiraz univ med sci Mol Dermatol Res Ctr Shiraz Iran Shiraz univ med sci Sch Med Dept Anat Shiraz Iran Islamic Azad univ Fac Vet Med Dept Pathobiol Garmsar Branch Garmsar Iran

Background: Complementary medicine is an interesting field for extracting bioactive compounds from various plant and animal sources. The hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of a species of sea cucumber called Holothuria leucospilota in an animal model of liver cancer caused by dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) was studied. Methods: Wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12): control (intact), positive control (received 1% DMN [10 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneally] for 12 weeks), and three treatment groups (received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day H. leucospilota extract orally for 12 weeks along with intraperitoneal administration of 1% DMN [10 mg/kg/week]). In all groups, ultrasound was performed on the liver every week to check its density. Blood sampling and liver isolation were performed on three occasions, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, to check liver enzymes and the histopathological condition of the liver tissue (every week, four animals from each group were randomly selected). Results: Liver density changes were evident from the eighth week onward in the positive control group. Histopathological results indicated pathologic changes in the positive control group after 4 weeks. The increase in liver enzymes in the positive control group was significantly different from that in the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: We demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of H. leucospilota on DMN-induced liver damage in rats using biochemical and histological parameters and ultrasonography. More additional research (in silico or in vitro) is needed to find the exact mechanism and the main biological compound in H. leucospilota.

关键词： dimethyl nitrosamine hepatotoxicity Holothuria leucospilota sea cucumber SEA-CUCUMBER HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION STICHOPUS-HORRENS

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Cucurbitacins mitigate vascular neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing cyclin A2 expression and inhibiting VSMC proliferation

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ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL medICINE 2024年第4期7卷 397-407页

作者： Yuan, Ruqiang Qian, Lei Xu, Hu Yun, Weijing Dalian med univ Adv Inst Med Sci Dalian 116044 Peoples R China East China Normal univ Hlth Sci Ctr Shanghai 200241 Peoples R China

Background: Restenosis frequently occurs after percutaneous angioplasty in patients with vascular occlusion and seriously threatens their health. Substantial evidence has revealed that preventing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation using a drug-eluting stent is an effective approach to improve restenosis. Cucurbitacins have been demonstrated to exert an anti-proliferation effect in various tumors and a hypotensive effect. This study aims to investigate the role of cucurbitacins extracted from Cucumis melo L. (CuECs) and cucurbitacin B (CuB) on restenosis. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and subcutaneously injected with CuECs or CuB for 4 weeks. Hematoxylin-Eosin, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the effect of CuECs and CuB on neointimal hyperplasia. Western blot, real-time PCR, flow cytometry analysis, EdU staining and cellular immunofluorescence assay were employed to measure the effects of CuECs and CuB on cell proliferation and the cell cycle in vitro. The potential interactions of CuECs with cyclin A2 were performed by molecular docking. Results: The results demonstrated that both CuECs and CuB exhibited significant inhibitory effects on neointimal hyperplasia and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, CuECs and CuB mediated cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Autodocking analysis demonstrated that CuB, CuD, CuE and CuI had high binding energy for cyclin A2. Our study also showed that CuECs and CuB dramatically inhibited FBS-induced cyclin A2 expression. Moreover, the expression of cyclin A2 in CuEC- and CuB-treated neointima was downregulated. Conclusions: CuECs, especially CuB, exert an anti-proliferation effect in VSMCs and may be potential drugs to prevent restenosis.

关键词： CuB Cucurbitacin cyclin A2 restenosis vascular smooth muscle cell SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS IN-VITRO GROWTH ACTIVATION TRANSITION MIGRATION STAT3 MAPK

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Clinical heterogeneity and cluster analysis of multiple system atrophy

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China medical Abstracts(Internal medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 124-125页

作者：王雪梅 Dept Neurol Beijing Luhe HospCapital Med UnivBeijing 101149

Objective To examine the clinical subtypes of patients with multisystem atrophy(MSA)that may indicate the prognosis of ***,we aim to compare the ability to perform daily activities among patients of each subtype using cluster *** The retrospective analysis included demographic data,clinical symptoms and signs,scale scores,and ancillary examinations of 94 patients diagnosed with multisystem atrophyatXuanwu Hospital of capital medical *** study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristicssofeachhsubtype obtained through ***,acomparison was'made between patients with traditional motor subtypes and those with new subtypes in terms of activities of daily *** study consisted of 94 MSA patients,with an average age of 61 years and a female representation of 51.1%.Using the data collected on the continuum,a full linkage hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify MSA patients into four clinical subtypes:gait disorder(17 cases,18.1%),malignant tonic hyperkinetic with premature haircut(25 cases,26.6%),intermediate(43 cases,45.7%)。

关键词： atrophy cluster analysis

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Association of body mass index and waist circumference with risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis

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China medical Abstracts(Internal medicine) 2024年第1期41卷 54-55页

作者：石志华 Dept Nephrol Beijing Shijitan HospCapital Med UnivBeijing 100038

Objective To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)with all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods The clinical data of MHD patients aged≥50years old from eleven hemodialysis centers from April to June 2017 in Beijing were analyzed.

关键词： patients hemodialysis index

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Risk factors and prognosis of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly

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China medical Abstracts(Internal medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 102-103页

作者：原源 Dept Geriatr Beijing Jishuitan HospCapital Med UnivBeijing 100035

Objective To analyze the disease characteristics of aspiration pneumonia and its risk *** In thisretrospective case-control study,analysis was conducted on data from 92 patients aged≥60 years admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,capital medical university between June 1,2018 and July 31,2022,with aspiration pneumonia(AsP)as the primary diagnosis at the time of hospital discharge and from non-AsP patients admitted during the same *** number of participants was matched at a 1:1 *** The average age of the AsP group was(80.88±9.41)years and 57(62.0%)were *** average age of the control group was(77.74±10.98)years and 52(56.5%)were *** was no statistically significant difference in age and sex ratio(age:t=1.973,P=0.060;sex ratio:X^(2)=0.661,P=0.416).univariate analysis showed that,at admission,body mass index(BMI)and activities of daily living(ADL)scores of the AsP group were lower than those of the non-AsP group.

关键词： admitted diagnosis matched

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Developments in the study of Chinese herbal medicine's assessment index and action mechanism for diabetes mellitus

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ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL medICINE 2024年第4期7卷 433-443页

作者： Liu, Xin-Yue Zheng, Han-Wen Wang, Feng-Zhong Atia, Tul-Wahab Fan, Bei Wang, Qiong Chinese Acad Agr sci Inst Food Sci & Technol Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Southwest med univ Tradit Chinese Med Hosp Sino Portugal TCM Int Cooperat Ctr Luzhou Peoples R China univ Karachi Dr Panjwani Ctr Mol Med & Drug Res Int Ctr Chem & Biol Sci Karachi Pakistan

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based on various pathogenic symptoms and the 'golden chamber' medical text, Huangdi Neijing, diabetes mellitus falls under the category 'collateral disease'. TCM, with its wealth of experience, has been treating diabetes for over two millennia. Different antidiabetic Chinese herbal medicines reduce blood sugar, with their effective ingredients exerting unique advantages. As well as a glucose lowering effect, TCM also regulates bodily functions to prevent diabetes associated complications, with reduced side effects compared to western synthetic drugs. Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. These active ingredients reduce blood sugar via various mechanism of actions that include boosting endogenous insulin secretion, enhancing insulin sensitivity and adjusting key enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals. These actions regulate glycolipid metabolism in the body, eventually achieving the goal of normalizing blood glucose. Using different animal models, a number of molecular markers are available for the detection of diabetes induction and the molecular pathology of the disease is becoming clearer. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scientific data about the pharmacology, dose-effect relationship, and structure-activity relationship of TCM and its constituents. Further research into the efficacy, toxicity and mode of action of TCM, using different metabolic and molecular markers, is key to developing novel TCM antidiabetic formulations. The endocrine disorder diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global phenomenon significantly influencing human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its long history, has been treating diabetes for over two millennia. The main types of animal used to model diabetes are rodents, zebrafish and primates. Using different animal models, the number of molecular markers available for the detection of diabetes induction, such as f

关键词： animal model Chinese herbal medicine diabetes mellitus evaluation index mechanism of action HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY GLUCOSE-METABOLISM POLYGONATUM-ODORATUM LIPID-METABOLISM RHESUS-MONKEYS CELL APOPTOSIS STREPTOZOTOCIN POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACT FRACTION

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Hemodynamic changes with serial balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

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China medical Abstracts(Internal medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 99-100页

作者：汪薇 Dept Respir&Critical Care med Beijing Chaoyang HospCapital Med UnivBeijing Instit Respir MedBeijing 100020

Objective To monitor hemodynamic changes during serial balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Methods General clinical data of CTEPH patients diagnosed from October 2017 to January 2022 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were collected,and 83 patients who underwent at least 1 BPA treatment were included to analyze their 6 min walking distance,WHO functional class,N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP),troponin I (cTnI) and haemodynamic indices.

关键词： balloon hypertension angioplasty

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Uncovering the impact of alcohol on internal organs and reproductive health: Exploring TLR4/NF-kB and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 pathways

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ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL medICINE 2024年第4期7卷 444-459页

作者： Kong, Eason Qi Zheng Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan Lubau, Natasha Sura Anak Monash univ Malaysia Jeffrey Cheah Sch Med & Hlth Sci Pharmacol Unit Jalan Lagoon Selatan Subang Jaya 47500 Selangor Malaysia Saveetha Inst med & Tech sci Saveetha Med Coll Ctr Global Hlth Res Chennai Tamil Nadu India

This review delves into the detrimental impact of alcohol consumption on internal organs and reproductive health, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway and the Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. The TLR4/NF-kB pathway, crucial for inflammatory and immune responses, triggers the production of pro-inflammatory agents and type-1 interferon, disrupting the balance between inflammatory and antioxidant responses when tissues are chronically exposed to alcohol. Alcohol-induced dysbiosis in gut microbes heightens gut wall permeability to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), leading to liver cell infection and subsequent inflammation. Concurrently, CYP2E1-mediated alcohol metabolism generates ROS, causing oxidative stress and damaging cells, lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). To counteract this inflammatory imbalance, Nrf2 regulates gene expression, inhibiting inflammatory progression and promoting antioxidant responses. Excessive alcohol intake results in elevated liver enzymes (ADH, CYP2E1, and catalase), ROS, NADH, acetaldehyde, and acetate, leading to damage in vital organs such as the heart, brain, and lungs. Moreover, alcohol negatively affects reproductive health by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, causing infertility in both men and women. These findings underscore the profound health concerns associated with alcohol-induced damage, emphasizing the need for public awareness regarding the intricate interplay between immune responses and the multi-organ impacts of alcohol consumption.

关键词： alcohol health impact inflammation metabolism molecular pathways FACTOR-KAPPA-B OXIDATIVE STRESS SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION CANCER-CELLS NF-KB INFLAMMATION INHIBITION ACID NRF2 ANTIOXIDANT

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Evaluation of the efficacy of urine-based lipoarabinomannan antigen test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

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China medical Abstracts(Internal medicine) 2024年第2期41卷 100-101页

作者：张天辉 1st Dept Thoracic Surg Beijing Chest HospCapital Med UnivBeijing 101149

Objective To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen detection method in tuberculosis patients,and to provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of urinary LAM kit in *** From March to May 2023,228 patients with lung diseases [134 male,94 female,age 20-82 (44.8±16.7) years] were prospectively collected in Beijing Chest Hospital,capital medical university,including 143 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 85 non-tuberculosis patients.

关键词： tuberculosis diagnosis urine

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