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Epidemiology of ovarian cancer:a review

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第1期14卷 9-32页

作者： Brett M.Reid Jennifer B.Permuth Thomas A.Sellers Department of cancer Epidemiology Division of Population SciencesMoffitt Cancer CenterTampa 33612FLUSA

Ovarian cancer(OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination,pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy,pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology,primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Ovarian cancer epidemiology risk factors histology reproductive history

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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated neoplasia:a promising model for the development of chemopreventive interventions

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1450-1459页

作者： Margie Lee CLAPPER Harry Stanley COOPER Wen-Chi Lee CHANG Divisions of population Science Medical Science Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19111USA

Individuals diagnosed with ulcerative colitis face a significantly increased risk ofdeveloping colorectal dysplasia and cancer during their *** date,littleattention has been given to the development of a chemopreventive interventionfor this high-risk *** mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis represents an excellent preclinical system in which to both charac-terize the molecular events required for tumor formation in the presence of inflam-mation and assess the ability of select agents to inhibit this *** admin-istration of DSS in drinking water results in the establishment of chronic colitisand the development of colorectal dysplasias and cancers with pathological fea-tures that resemble those of human colitis-associated *** incidenceand multiplicity of lesions observed varies depending on the mouse strain used(ie,Swiss Webster,C57BL/6J,CBA,ICR) and the dose (0.7%-5.0%) and schedule(1-15 cycles with or without a subsequent recovery period) of *** incidenceof neoplasia can be increased and its progression to invasive cancer acceleratedsignificantly by administering DSS in combination with a known colon carcinogen(azoxymethane (AOM),2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ),2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)) or *** recent induction ofcolitis-associated neoplasia in genetically defined mouse strains has providednew insight into the role of specific genes (ie,adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc),p53,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),Msh2) in the development of colitis-associated *** data from chemopreventive intervention studiesdocument the efficacy of several agents in inhibiting DSS-induced neoplasiaand provide great promise that colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia is a pre-ventable disease.

关键词： colorectal colitis chemoprevention dextran sulfate sodium mouse models

Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1585-1594页

作者： Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds Liam J Murray Centre for Clinical and population Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfastNorthern Ireland Royal group of Hospitals BelfastNorthern Ireland National cancer Registry CorkIreland St.James's Hospital DublinIreland

AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal ***:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 *** participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk ***:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's *** but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Barrett's oesophagus Oesophagealadenocarcinoma Smoking Gastro-oesophageal reflux Body mass index Diet Case-control

Malignancy and mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with coeliac disease or ‘gluten sensitivity’

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第1期13卷 146-151页

作者： LA Anderson SA McMillan RGP Watson P Monaghan AT Gavin C Fox LJ Murray Queen's University Belfast Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences Belfast United Kingdom Royal group of Hospitals Regional Immunology Service Belfast United Kingdom Royal group of Hospitals Institute of Clinical Science Belfast United Kingdom. Queen's University Belfast Northern Ireland Cancer Registry Belfast United Kingdom

AIM: To determine the risk of malignancy and mortality in patients with a positive endomysial or anti-gliadin an- tibody test in Northern Ireland. METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study design was used. Laboratory test results used in the diagnosis of coeliac disease were obtained from the Regional Immunology Laboratory, cancer statistics from the Northern Ireland cancer Registry and mortal- ity statistics from the General Registrar Office, Northern Ireland. Age standardized incidence ratios of malignant neoplasms and standardized mortality ratios of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 13 338 people had an endomysial antibody and/or an anti-gliadin antibody test in Northern Ireland between 1993 and 1996. There were 490 pa- tients who tested positive for endomysial antibodies and they were assumed to have coeliac disease. There were 1133 patients who tested positive for anti-gliadin anti- bodies and they were defined as gluten sensitive. Ma- lignant neoplasms were not significantly associated with coeliac disease; however, all-cause mortality was signifi- cantly increased following diagnosis. The standardized incidence and mortality ratios for non-Hodgkin’s lym- phoma were increased in coeliac disease patients but did not reach statistical significance. Lung and breast cancer incidence were significantly lower and all-cause mortal-ity, mortality from malignant neoplasms, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and digestive system disorders were signifi- cantly higher in gluten sensitive patients compared to the Northern Ireland population. CONCLUSION: Patients with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity had higher mortality rates than the Northern Ireland population. This association persists more than one year after diagnosis in patients testing positive for anti-gliadin antibodies. Breast cancer is significantly re- duced in the cohort of patients with gluten sensitivity.

关键词： Coeliac disease cancer Mortality Gluten sensitivity

National cancer Institute’s early detection research network:a model organization for biomarker research

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Journal of the National cancer Center 2023年第2期3卷 93-99页

作者： Paul D.Wagner Sudhir Srivastava cancer Biomarkers Research group Division of Cancer PreventionNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaUSA

For many cancers a primary cause of poor survival is that they are detected at a late stage when therapies are less *** screening methods exist to detect some types of cancer at an early stage,there are currently no effective methods to screen for most types of *** have the potential to improve detection of early-stage cancers,risk stratification,and prediction of which pre-cancerous lesions are likely to progress and to make screening tests less *** thousands of research articles on biomarkers for early detection are published every year,few of these biomarkers have been validated and shown to be clinically *** reflects both the inherent difficulty in detecting early-stage cancers and a disconnect between the process of discovering biomarkers and their use in the *** overcome this limitation the US National cancer Institute created the Early Detection Research *** is a highly collaborative program that brings together biomarker discoverers,assay developers,and *** provides an infrastructure that is essential for developing and validating biomarkers and imaging methods for early cancer detection and has successfully completed several multicenter validation studies.

关键词： Biomarkers Early detection Validation Collaboration Data sharing

Stearic acid protects primary cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第3期28卷 315-326页

作者： Ze-jian WANG~2 Cui-ling LIANG~3 Guang-mei LI~2 Cai-yi YU~2 Ming YIN~(2,4)2 School of Pharmacy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China 3 Institute of population studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of population studies East China Normal University Shanghai China

Aim:To observe the effects of stearic acid against oxidative stress in primarycultured cortical ***:Cortical neurons were exposed to glutamate,hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,or NaN3insult in the presence or absence of *** viability of cortical neurons was determined by MTT assay and *** antioxidant enzymes activity[superoxide dismutases（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）,and catalase（CAT）] and lipid peroxidation incultured cortical neurons were evaluated using commercial kits.{3-[l（p-chloro-benzyl）-5-（isopropyl）-3-t-butylthiondol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid,Na}[MK886;5 μmol/L;a noncompetitive inhibitor of proliferator-activated receptor（PPAR）α],bisphenol A diglycidyl ether（BADGE;100 μmol/L;an antagonist ofPPARγ）,and cycloheximide（CHX;30 μmol/L,an inhibitor of protein synthesis）were tested for their effects on the neuroprotection afforded by stearic *** blotting was used to determine the PPARγprotein level in cortical ***:Stearic acid dose-dependently protected cortical neurons againstglutamate or H202 injury and increased glutamate uptake in cultured *** protection was concomitant to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and to thepromotion activity of Cu/Zn SOD and CAT in cultured cortical *** effects were completely blocked by BADGE and *** with H202 for 24 h,the expression of the PPARγprotein decreasedsignificantly（P<0.05）,and the inhibitory effect of H2O2on the expression of PPARγcan be attenuated by stearic ***:Stearic acid can protect corticalneurons against oxidative stress by boosting the internal antioxidant *** neuroprotective effect may be mainly mediated by the activation of PPARγandnew protein synthesis in cortical neurons.

关键词： oxidative stress receptors peroxisome prolilferator-activated neurons antioxidants

Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2650-2661页

作者： Lynne V McFarland Sascha Dublin Department of Health Services Research and Development group Health Center for Health studies

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a chronic condition affecting 3%-25% of the general population. As no curative treatment is available, therapy is aimed at reducing symptoms, often with little success. Because alteration of the normal intestinal microflora has been observed in IBS, probiotics （beneficial microbes taken to improve health） may be useful in reducing symptoms. This paper systematically reviews randomized, controlled, blinded bials of probiotics for the treatment of IBS and synthesizes data on efficacy across trials of adequate quality. Pubr4ed, Medline, Google Scholar, NIH registry of clinical trials, metaRegister, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1982-2007. We also conducted secondary searches of reference lists, reviews, commentaries, relevant articles on associated diseases, books and meeting abstracts. Twenty trials with 23 probiotic treatment arms and a total of 1404 subjects met inclusion criteria. Probiotic use was associated with improvement in global IBS symptoms compared to placebo [pooled relative risk （RRpooled） 0.77, 95% confidence interval （95% CI） 0.62-0.94]. Probiotics were also associated with less abdominal pain compared to placebo [RRpooled = 0.78 （0.69-0.88）]. Too few studies reported data on other IBS symptoms or on specific probiotic strains to allow estimation of a pooled RR. While our analyses suggest that probiotic use may be associated with improvement in IBS symptoms compared to placebo, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological limitations of contributing studies. Probiotics warrant further study as a potential therapy for IBS.

关键词： Probiotics Meta-analysis Irritable bowel syndrome

Rural migrants' participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan, China

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Chinese Journal of population,Resources and Environment 2017年第2期15卷 120-131页

作者： Yong Chen Yan Tan Qin Zhang Institute of population Research Faculty of Social Development and Western China Development Studies Sichuan University Department of Geography Environment and Population University of Adelaide

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.

关键词： Inter-provincial rural migrant old-age pension participation in old-age pension factors

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