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Detecting circulating tumor material and digital pathology imaging during pancreatic cancer progression

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第6期9卷 235-250页

作者： Radim Moravec Rao Divi Mukesh Verma Surveillance research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health Methods and Technologies Branch Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health

Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a leading cause of cancerrelated death worldwide. Clinical symptoms typically present late when treatment options are limited and survival expectancy is very short. Metastatic mutations are heterogeneous and can accumulate up to twenty years before PC diagnosis. Given such genetic diversity, detecting and managing the complex states of disease progression may be limited to imaging modalities and markers present in circulation. Recent developments in digital pathology imaging show potential for early PC detection, making a differential diagnosis, and predicting treatment sensitivity leading to long-term survival in advanced stage patients. Despite large research efforts, the only serum marker currently approved for clinical use is CA 19-9. Utility of CA 19-9 has been shown to improve when it is used in combination with PC-specific markers. Efforts are being made to develop early-screening assays that can detect tumor-derived material, present in circulation, before metastasis takes a significant course. Detection of markers that identify circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs) in biofluid samples offers a promising non-invasive method for this purpose. Circulating tumor cells exhibit varying expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers depending on the state of tumor differentiation. This offers a possibility for monitoring disease progression using minimally invasive procedures. EVs also offer the benefit of detecting molecular cargo of tumor origin and add the potential to detect circulating vesicle markers from tumors that lack invasive properties. This review integrates recent genetic insights of PC progression with developments in digitalpathology and early detection of tumor-derived circulating material.

关键词： Circulating tumor cells Digital pathology Early detection Exosomes Pancreatic cancer

Household air pollution and lung cancer in China:a review of studies in Xuanwei

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Chinese Journal of cancer 2014年第10期33卷 471-475页

作者： Wei Jie Seow Wei Hu Roel Vermeulen H.Dean Hosgood III George S.Downward Robert S.Chapman Xingzhou He Bryan A.Bassig Christopher Kim Cuiju Wen Nathaniel Rothman Qing Lan Division of cancer epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Division of Environmental EpidemiologyUtrecht University Department of epidemiology & population health Albert Einstein College of Medicine College of Public health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to high rates of lung cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a higher risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among existing coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity.

关键词：空气污染家用空调肺癌中国固体燃料公共卫生问题世界人口无烟煤

Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John D.Groopman Thomas W.Kensler Department of epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute Department of epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University Department of Environmental health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Public health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. Public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

Social function scores and influencing factors in patients with residual depressive symptoms

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2025年第1期15卷 117-127页

作者： Zong-Ling Liao Xiao-Li Pu Zhi-Yi Zheng Jie Luo Department 1 of Psychiatry Gele Mountain Hospital of Chongqing Mental Health CenterChongqing 400030China Department of Psychology Chongqing Jiangjin District Psychiatric HospitalChongqing 402260China Department of Psychiatry Chongqing Third Social Welfare InstituteChongqing 400036China Women and Children’s Mental health Center Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Population and Family Planning Research InstituteChongqing 400020China

BACKGROUND At present,the influencing factors of social function in patients with residual depressive symptoms are still *** depressive symptoms are highly harmful,leading to low mood in patients,affecting work and interpersonal communication,increasing the risk of recurrence,and adding to the burden on *** the influencing factors of their social function is of great *** To explore the social function score and its influencing factors in patients with residual depressive *** This observational study surveyed patients with residual depressive symptoms(case group)and healthy patients undergoing physical examinations(control group).Participants were admitted between January 2022 and December *** functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale(SDS),and scores were compared between *** influencing SDS scores in patients with residual depressive symptoms were analyzed by applying multiple linear regression while using the receiver operating characteristic curve,and these RESULTS The SDS scores of the 158 patients with depressive symptoms were 11.48±*** with the control group,the SDS scores and all items in the case group were *** scores were higher in patients with relapse,discon-tinuous medication,drug therapy alone,severe somatic symptoms,obvious residual symptoms,and anxiety scores≥*** history,medication compliance,therapy method,and residual symptoms correlated positively with SDS scores(r=0.354,0.414,0.602,and 0.456,respectively).Independent influencing factors included disease history,medication compliance,therapy method,somatic symptoms,residual symptoms,and anxiety scores(P<0.05).The areas under the curve for predicting social functional impairment using these factors were 0.713,0.559,0.684,0.729,0.668,and 0.628,respectively,with sensitivities of 79.2%,61.8%,76.8%,81.7%,63.6%,and 65.5%and specificities of 83.3%,87.5%,82.6%,83.3%,86.7%,and 92.1%,respectively.C

关键词： Depressive Residual symptoms Social function Influence factors

Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9600-9610页

作者： Jeongseon Kim Young Ae Cho Wook Jin Choi Seung Hwa Jeong Molecular epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionResearch InstituteNational Cancer Center

AIM:To conduct a systematic review of the published epidemiological studies investigating the association of the interactions between gene variants and dietary intake with gastric cancer ***:A literature search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and MEDLINE for articles published between January 2000 and July 2013,and 38 studies were *** studies included various dietary factors(e.g.,fruits and vegetables,soybean products,salt,meat,and alcohol)and genetic variants that are involved in various metabolic ***:Studies suggest that individuals who carry high-risk genetic variants and demonstrate particular dietary habits may have an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with those who do not carry high-risk genetic *** dietary patterns and variations in the frequency of genetic variants may explain the higher incidence of gastric cancer in a particular ***,most previous studies have limitations,such as a small sample size and a retrospective casecontrol *** addition,past studies have been unable to elucidate the specific mechanism in gene-diet interaction associated with gastric ***:Additional large prospective epidemiological and experimental studies are required to identify the gene-diet metabolic pathways related to gastric cancer susceptibility.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gene Diet Interaction

Impact of Periconceptional Multi-micronutrient Supplementation on Gestation:A population-based Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期26卷 23-31页

作者： WANG Ya Fei PEI Li Jun SONG Xin Ming CHEN Gong ZHENG Xiao Ying Institute of population research/WHO Collaborating Center on Reproductive health and population Science Peking University

Objective To examine the effect of periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation on gestation and birth *** A population‐based community intervention program was conducted in 18 counties in *** were divided into an intervention group,who received multi‐micronutrient supplementation from at least 3 months before pregnancy throughout the first trimester,and a control *** women were followed up to record information about birth *** socio‐economic characteristics and main birth outcomes were *** age was further analyzed using survival analysis,to determine the time distribution of *** Periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation was associated with higher birth weight,birth length and occipitofrontal head circumference,and with lower incidence rates for stillbirth,low birth weight,and preterm ***,periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation changed the time distribution of delivery,making the deliveries more clustered in the period between day 275 and day 295 of *** Our study shows that periconceptional multi‐micronutrient supplementation is beneficial for fetal development and optimizes all measured aspects of health in neonates in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in *** change in time distribution of deliveries caused by multi‐micronutrient supplementation needs further clarification.

关键词： Multi‐micronutrient Supplementation Gestation Birth weight Gestational age

Cervical cancer: epidemiology, risk factors and screening

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Chinese Journal of cancer research 2020年第6期32卷 720-728页

作者： Shaokai Zhang Huifeng Xu Luyao Zhang Youlin Qiao Department of cancer epidemiology Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer HospitalHenan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and ControlHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer PreventionZhengzhou 450008China Department of epidemiology National Cancer CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Population Medicine and Public HealthPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among females worldwide and its behavior epidemiologically likes a venereal disease of low infectiousness. Early age at first intercourse and multiple sexual partners have been shown to exert strong effects on risk. The wide differences in the incidence among different countries also influenced by the introduction of screening. Although the general picture remains one of decreasing incidence and mortality, there are signs of an increasing cervical cancer risk probably due to changes in sexual behavior. Smoking and human papillomavirus(HPV) 16/18 are currently important issues in a concept of multifactorial, stepwise carcinogenesis at the cervix uteri. Therefore, society-based preventive and control measures, screening activities and HPV vaccination are recommended. Cervical cancer screening methods have evolved from cell morphology observation to molecular testing. High-risk HPV genotyping and liquid-based cytology are common methods which have been widely recommended and used worldwide. In future, accurate,cheap, fast and easy-to-use methods would be more popular. Artificial intelligence also shows to be promising in cervical cancer screening by integrating image recognition with big data technology. Meanwhile, China has achieved numerous breakthroughs in cervical cancer prevention and control which could be a great demonstration for other developing and resource-limited areas. In conclusion, although cervical cancer threatens female health, it could be the first cancer that would be eliminated by human beings with comprehensive preventive and control strategy.

关键词： Cervical cancer epidemiology risk factors screening

Association of β3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma 2 Polymorphisms With Insulin Sensitivity:A Twin Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期20卷 99-105页

作者： TIAN-JIAO CHEN CHENG-YE JI XIAO-YING ZHENG AND YONG-HUAHU Institute of Child and Adolescent health Peking University Beijing 100083 China Institute of population research Peking University/WHO Collaborating Center on Reproductive Health and Population Science Beijing 100083China Department of epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100083 China

Objective To study the effect of β3 adrenergic receptor （β3AR） Trp64Arg and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 （PPAR72） Prol2Ala polymorphisms on insulin resistance. Methods One hundred and eight dizygotic twin pairs were enrolled in this study. Microsatellite polymorphism was used to diagnose zygosity of twins. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with logarithm transformed homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the variants. As a supplement to the sib-pair method, identity by state （IBS） was used to analyze the association of polymorphisms with insulin sensitivity. Results The genotype frequencies of Trp64Trg, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg were 72.3%, 23.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies of Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala were 89.9%, 9.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. For β3AR Trp64Arg the interclass co-twin correlations of Waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, blood glucose （GLU）, and insulin （INS）, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） of the twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS were greater than those sharing 0-1 allele of IBS, and HOMA4R had statistic significance. For PPAR3t2 Prol2Ala most traits of twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS had greater correlations and statistic significance in body mass index （BMI）, WHR, percent of body fat （PBF） and GLU, but there were low correlations of either insulin or HOMA-IR of twin pairs sharing 1 or 2 alleles of IBS. The combined effects of the two variations showed less squared significant twin-pair differences of INS and HOMA-IR among twins sharing 4 alleles of IBS. Condusions β3AR Trp64Arg and PPAR）,2 Pro 12Ala polymorphisms might be associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and there might be slight synergistic effects between this two gene loci, and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

关键词： Dizygotic twins Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 Polymorphism Insulin resistance.

Cervical cancer prevention in China: where are we now, and what's next?

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第3期21卷 213-217页

作者： Huijiao Yan Qiankun Wang Youlin Qiao School of population Medicine and Public health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100730China Department of cancer epidemiology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100021China

Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.

关键词： prevention Cervical epidemiology