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Resource manipulation reveals flexible allocation rules to growth and reproduction in a Mediterranean evergreen oak

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 77-85页

作者： Fernando Pulido Gerardo Moreno Eustolia García José J.Obrador Raúl Bonal Mario Díaz Grupo de Investigación Forestal Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad de ExtremaduraE-10600 PlasenciaCáceresSpain Colegio de Postgraduados Campus TabascoMX-86500 CárdenasTabascoMexico Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad RealSpain Department of Biogeography and Global Change(BCG-MNCN) Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICE-28006 MadridSpain

Aims In plants,resource allocation to growth and reproduction may depart from trade-off expectations if(i)investment in growth and reproduction relies on different resource pools,(ii)allocation to reproduction is dependent upon reaching some growth threshold or(iii)reproduction is developmentally linked to growth,both functions relying on the same resource *** examined the effects of enhanced resource level on patterns of resource allocation to growth and reproduction in holm oak(Quercus ilex ***),a Mediterranean evergreen *** In the experimental year(2003),we manipulated the amount of soil nutrients in autumn(to increase nutrient uptake during shoot elongation in the following spring)and soil water in summer(to increase water uptake during acorn growth).Indicators of growth and male and female reproduction were estimated in the preexperimental(2002),experimental(2003)and post-experimental(2004)*** Findings Fertilized trees produced significantly longer shoots,but the number of female flowers per shoot was not affected by *** production of male catkins was also enhanced by *** did not affect the production of female flowers or abortion *** and female reproduction showed no consistent relationship in untreated trees,but resource addition elicited a growth-female reproduction trade-off in the experimental *** sign of this significant relationship changed in the post-experimental year,indicating the existence of lagged effects of resource manipulation on acorn ***,patterns of allocation to growth and reproduction varied as a function of sex,resource availability and year,a result consistent with extreme allocational plasticity in holm oak.

关键词： acorn abortion allocational plasticity dehesa growthreproduction trade-offs nutrient addition Quercus ilex resource allocation

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Alkaloids, Limonoids and Phenols from Meliaceae Species Decrease Survival and Performance of <i>Hypsipyla Grandella</i>Larvae

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 988-994页

作者： Julián Pérez-Flores Sanford D. Eigenbrode Luko Hilje-Quiroz CATIE Turrialba Costa Rica Colegio de Postgraduados-campus tabasco H. Cárdenas Tabasco México University of Idaho PSES Department Moscow Idaho USA 3CATIE Turrialba Costa Rica.

Meliaceae plants are distinguished by the attack of the shootborer Hypsipyla grandella and also for the occurrence of limonoids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Such compounds extracted from leaves of Meliaceae species Cedrela odorata L., Swietenia macrophylla King, Khaya senegalensis, Toona ciliata, and C. odorata grafted onto T. ciliata plants, were tested on C. odorata leaf disks to determine their effects on survival and performance of H. grandella larvae. Larval survival was assessed 2, 10 and 25 days after starting the bioassays. Leaf consumption and weight gain per larva, days to pupa and to adult stages, pupal weight and length, and moth wing appearance were assessed for larval performance. The three compunds from the four Meliaceae species and the grafted combination affected (P ≤ 0.02) larval leaf consumption, weight gain, time to pupa and to adult stages, wing development and larval survival of H. grandella. Pupa weight (P = 0.78, F = 0.72, d.f. = 18, 160) and length (P = 0.48, F = 0.98, d.f. = 18, 160) were similar regardless of the coumpound used. Limonoid reduced larval survival on the three dates of evaluation. Alkaloids decreased leaf consumption, weight gain of larvae and time needed to reach pupa and adult stages. Alkaloids from T. ciliata and phenols from C. odorata were the best coumpounds to reduce leaf consumption and weight gain. Alkaloids from the grafted plants caused 20% of H. grandella adults to form abnormal wings.

关键词： Leaf Extracts Cedrela Swietenia Khaya Toona Shootborer

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Influence of the starter culture on the volatile profile of processed cocoa beans by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in high resolution mode

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 595-603页

作者： K.G.Alvarez-Villagomez C.A.Ledesma-Escobar F.Priego-Capote V.J.Robles-Olvera P.García-Alamilla Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de VeracruzMiguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779VeracruzVer.Mexico Academic Division of Agriculture and Livestock Science Universidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoCarreteraVillahermosa-Teapa Km 25La HuastecaCentroTabasco86280Mexico Department of Analytical Chemistry Campus of RabanalesUniversity of CordobaSpain Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC) Reina Sofia University HospitalSpain Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing CIBERFESCarlos III Institute of HealthSpain

Cocoa is the main component of *** is widely accepted that cocoa quality largely depends on the processing,especially the fermentation ***,fermentation takes place spontaneously by the endogenous microbiota;however,the process can lead to poor quality and heterogeneity of the final *** this study,we evaluated the influence of the starter culture on the profile of volatiles during fermentation of commercial volumes of Mexican *** were also analyzed in post-fermented cocoa samples obtained after drying,roasting,and *** results revealed a most desirable volatile profile in cocoa fermented with starter culture,mainly due to the higher relative content of alcohols(40%)and aldehydes(3.5%),but also due to a lower acidity(<1%)as compared to endogenous fermentation(acids,65%;alcohols,2%;and aldehydes<0.5%).Additionally,it is remarkable,the higher content of pyrazines in the inoculated samples after processing.

关键词： Cocoa beans Starter culture Cocoa fermentation Postfermentation Volatile compounds Mass spectrometry

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FTIR-ATR and Multivariate Calibration for the Prediction of Biodiesel Concentration in Petrodiesel Blends

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第7期4卷 343-347页

作者： A. Guerrero F. Anguebes M. Castelán V. Morales R. García A. V. Córdova J. C. Zavala Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba Carretera Fed. Córdoba-Veracruz km 348 Amatlán de los Reyes Veracruz México Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n Cárdenas México Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Col. Benito Juárez Ciudad del Carmen México

The increasing use of petrodiesel-biodiesel fuel blends throughout the world requires fast, economic and efficient analytical techniques that can be used for the quality control of these fuels. In this work, we developed an analytical method for determining the concentration of African palm biodiesel in blends with petrodiesel;the method is based on infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). To build a prediction model, nineteen petrodiesel-biodiesel blends were prepared in triplicate with biodiesel concentrations for 0%-100% by weight. The blends were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the spectral fingerprint data were used to build a prediction model through PLS regression. The optimal number of principal components (PCs), the standard error of calibration (SEC), the standard validation error (SEV), the correlation coefficient of calibration (r Cal) and the validation correlation coefficient (r Val) were used to validate the predictive ability of the model. The results show that the model obtained in this work has a good ability for determining the concentration of African palm biodiesel in petrodiesel-biodiesel blends.

关键词： African Palm FTIR-ATR Chemometric Tools Partial Least Squares Regression Petrodiesel-Biodiesel Blends

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Determination of the Biodiesel Content in Petrodiesel/Biodiesel Blends: A Method Based on Uv-Visible Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Tools

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第6期4卷 273-276页

作者： Armando Guerrero Francisco Anguebes Mepivoseth Castelán Victorino Morales Ismael León José C. Zavala Atl V. Córdova campus Córdoba Colegio de Postgraduados Carr. Fed. Córdoba-Veracruz Amatlán de los Reyes Córdoba México campus tabasco Colegio de Postgraduados Córdoba México Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Av. Concordia Col. Benito Juárez Ciudad del Carmen Ciudad del Carmen México Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Centro de Investigaciones Químicas (CIQ) Av. Universidad Cuernavaca Cuernavaca México

In this work, we developed an analytical method based on UV-visible spectroscopy to determine the concentration of biodiesel from African palm in blends of petrodiesel. Seventy-five samples with biodiesel concentrations between 0-100 wt% were prepared. The spectral fingerprints that were obtained from the analysis of the samples by UV-visible spectroscopy were used to build predictive model using PLS regression. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated through statistical parameters: the standard error of calibration (SEC), the standard error of validation (SEV), the correlation coefficient of calibration (r Cal) and validation (r Val), the ratio (SEC/SEV), the coefficient of determination R2, the paired data Student’s t-test, cross-validation and external validation. The results indicate that the PLS model predicts the concentration of biodiesel from African palm with high precision in mixtures with petrodiesel. The method developed in this study can be applied to determine the concentration of biodiesel African palm in mixtures of petrodiesel in a more rapid and economical way. Moreover, this method has less analytical errors and is more environmentally friendly than the conventional methods.

关键词： African Palm Petrodiesel/Biodiesel Blends Regression Model PLS Spectroscopy UV-Visible

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