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Spatial analysis of Dengue through the reproduction numbers relating to socioeconomic features:Case studies on two Brazilian urban centers

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 142-157页

作者： Ana T.C.Silva Rejane C.Dorn Lívia R.Tomás Leonardo B.L.Santos Lacita M.Skalinski Suani T.R.Pinho Departamento de Física Universidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaAv.Transnordestinas/n.Novo HorizonteFeira de Santana44036-900BABrazil Instituto de Física Universidade Federal da BahiaRua Barão de Jeremoabo s/nCampus Universitário de OndinaSalvador40170-115BABrazil Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais(CEMADEN) Estrada Dr.Altino Bondensan500São Josédos Campos12247-016SPBrazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Campus Soane Nazaréde AndradeRodovia Jorge AmadoKm 16SalobrinhoIlhéus45662-900BABrazil Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Universidade Federal da BahiaR.Basílio da Gamas/n-CanelaSalvador40110-140BABrazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Sistemas Complexos Virtual InstitutionBrazil

The study of the propagation of infectious diseases in urban centers finds a close connection with their population's social characteristics and *** work performs a spatial analysis of dengue cases in urban centers based on the basic reproduction numbers,R0,and incidence by planning areas(PAs),as well as their correlations with the Human Development Index(HDI)and the number of *** analyzed dengue epidemics in 2002 at two Brazilian urban centers,Belo Horizonte(BH)and Rio de Janeiro(RJ),using PAs as spatial *** results reveal heterogeneous spatial scenarios for both cities,with very weak correlations between R0 and both the number of trips and the HDI;in BH,the values of R0 show a less spatial heterogeneous pattern than in *** BH,there are moderate correlations between incidence and both the number of trips and the HDI;meanwhile,they weakly correlate for ***,the absence of strong correlations between the considered measures indicates that the transmission process should be treated considering the city as a whole.

关键词： Dengue Mathematical mode lBasic reproduction number Urban mobility Urban indices

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente Thomas H.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort *** with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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Reinforcement of Hydroxypropylcellulose Films by Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Presence of Surfactants

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第11期34卷 1301-1301,1302-1310页

作者： Noor Rehman Maria Inez G.de Miranda Simone M.L.Rosa Clara I.D.Bica Instituto de Quimica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970 Porto Alegre/RS Brazil Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University 18000 Sheringal Dir (Upper) KPK Pakistan Instituto de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas Universidade FEEVALE Campus Ⅱ 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo/RS Brazil

Hydroxypropylcellulose（HPC） films were prepared by casting with cellulose nanocrystals in the presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate（SDS） and cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB）. The cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from maize straw, a biomass source produced in huge quantities as an agrowaste in Brazil. These bionanocomposite films had good transparency and their surface hydrophilic character was evidenced by static contact angle measurements. Thermogravimetry（TGA） measurement revealed that nanocrystals and surfactants changed the thermal stability of the HPC films. Dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA） showed that the tensile storage and loss moduli of the HPC films increased by increasing the contents of cellulose nanocrystals and surfactants, especially in the case of CTAB. This good reinforcing effect of HPC matrix can be explained as due to electrostatic attractive interactions brought about by the presence of CTAB and the nanocrystals.

关键词： surfactant attractive hydrophilic cellulose reinforcing modulus cationic electrostatic tensile ammonium

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Comparative analysis of real-world data of frequent treatment sequences in metastatic prostate cancer

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 104-109页

作者： Jiten Jaipuria Ishleen Kaur Mohammad Najmud Doja Tanvir Ahmad Amitabh Singh Sudhir Kumar Rawal Vineet Talwar Girish Sharma Uro-oncology division Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research CentreNew DelhiIndia Amity Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Research Amity Institute of BiotechnologyAmity UniversityNoidaIndia School of Engineering and Technology Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies–Technical CampusNew DelhiIndia Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia Indian Institute of Information Technology SonepatIndia Department of MedicalOncology Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research CentreNew DelhiIndia

Background:The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing worldwide.A significant proportion of patients developmetastatic disease and are initially prescribed androgen deprivation therapy(ADT).However,subsequent sequences of treatments in real-world settings that may improve overall survival remain an area of active *** and methods:Data were collected from 384 patients presenting with de novo metastatic prostate cancer from 2011 to 2015 at a tertiary cancer *** were categorized into surviving(n=232)and deceased(n=152)groups at the end of 3 *** sequence pattern mining techniques(Generalized Sequential Pattern Mining and Sequential Pattern Discovery using Equivalence Classes)were applied to determine the exact order of the most frequent sets of treatments in each ***:Degarelix,as the initial form of ADT,was uniquely in the surviving *** sequence of ADT followed by abiraterone and docetaxel was uniquely associated with a higher 3-year overall *** followed by fosfestrol was found to have a unique niche among surviving patients with a long duration of response to the initial *** who received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and those who received radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy were found more frequently in the deceased ***:We identified unique treatment sequences among surviving and deceased patients at the end of 3 *** should be the preferred formof *** who received ADT followed by abiraterone and chemotherapy showed better *** requiring palliative radiation and chemotherapy in any sequence were significantlymore frequent in the deceased group,identifying the need to offer such patients the most efficacious agents and to target them in clinical trial design.

关键词： Hormone therapy Metastatic prostate cancer Sequence mining Survival

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Application of Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction to Short-Wavelength near Infrared Spectra of Moisture in Marzipan

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2013年第3期1卷 30-34页

作者： Pedro dos Santos Panero Francisco dos Santos Panero Joao dos Santos Panero Henrique Eduardo Bezerra da Silva campus novo paraiso Instituto Federal de EducacaoCiencia e Tecnologia de RoraimaBoa VistaBrazil Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia de RoraimaBoa VistaBrazil Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica Universidade Federal de RoraimaBoa VistaBrazil Departamento de Quimica Universidade Federal de RoraimaBoa VistaBrazil

Short-wavelength near infrared spectroscopy (SW-NIR) is a very rapid, versatile and precise technique, which can be used in many different situations and for very types of products and chemical compounds. Extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) is a modification of the standard MSC pre-processing method that allows the separation of physical light scattering effects from chemical (vibrational) light absorbance effects in spectra. In this paper, the EMSC is applied and compared with first derivate, second derivate, MSC and SNV in combination of PLSR to obtain robust models in terms of accuracy and predict ability with a reduced calibration data set using SW-NIR spectra of moisture in marzipan. The Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction—EMSC and combination methods provide the best results in terms of prediction ability and calibration SW-NIR spectra of moisture in marzipan. The best classification results were obtained by Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction followed by second derivates.

关键词： EMSC PLSR SW-NIR Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction Chemometrics

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Genomic selection in plant breeding:Key factors shaping two decades of progress

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： Admas Alemu Johanna Astrand Osval A.Montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sanchez Javier Fernandez-Gónzalez Wuletaw Tadesse Ramesh R.Vetukuri Anders S.Carlsson Alf Ceplitis JoséCrossa Rodomiro Ortiz Aakash Chawade Department of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden Lantmannen Lantbruk SvalövSweden Facultad de Telematica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) RabatMorocco International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

Genomic selection,the application of genomic prediction(GP)models to select candidate individuals,has significantly advanced in the past two decades,effectively accelerating genetic gains in plant *** article provides a holistic overview of key factors that have influenced GP in plant breeding during this *** delved into the pivotal roles of training population size and genetic diversity,and their relationship with the breeding population,in determining GP *** emphasis was placed on optimizing training population *** explored its benefits and the associated diminishing returns beyond an optimum *** was done while considering the balance between resource allocation and maximizing prediction accuracy through current optimization *** density and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linkage disequilibrium,genetic complexity,trait heritability,statistical machine-learning methods,and non-additive effects are the other vital *** wheat,maize,and potato as examples,we summarize the effect of these factors on the accuracy of GP for various *** search for high accuracy in GP—theoretically reaching one when using the Pearson’s correlation as a metric—is an active research area as yet far from optimal for various *** hypothesize that with ultra-high sizes of genotypic and phenotypic datasets,effective training population optimization methods and support from other omics approaches(transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics)coupled with deep-learning algorithms could overcome the boundaries of current limitations to achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy,making genomic selection an effective tool in plant breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic gain genomic prediction optimization deep learning training population optimization

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Structure of the 40S ribosomal subunit of Plasmodium falciparum by homology and de novo modeling

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第1期7卷 97-105页

作者： Harrison Ndung'u Mwangi Peter Wagacha Peterson Mathenge Fredrick Sijenyi Francis Mulaa Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Chiromo CampusUniversity of Nairobi.HEP Bioinformatics Consultants Ltd. Department of Computing Informatics University of Nairobi DNA Software Inc. Department of Biochemistry Riverside DriveChiromo CampusUniversity of Nairobi

Generation of three dimensional structures of macromolecules using in silico structural modeling technologies such as homology and de novo modeling has improved dramatically and increased the speed by which tertiary structures of organisms can be generated. This is especially the case if a homologous crystal structure is already available. High-resolution structures can be rapidly created using only their sequence information as input, a process that has the potential to increase the speed of scientific discovery. In this study, homology modeling and structure prediction tools such as RNA123 and SWISS–MODEL were used to generate the 40 S ribosomal subunit from Plasmodium falciparum. This structure was modeled using the published crystal structure from Tetrahymena thermophila, a homologous eukaryote. In the absence of the Plasmodium falciparum 40 S ribosomal crystal structure, the model accurately depicts a global topology, secondary and tertiary connections, and gives an overall root mean square deviation(RMSD) value of 3.9 ? relative to the template's crystal structure. Deviations are somewhat larger in areas with no homology between the templates. These results demonstrate that this approach has the power to identify motifs of interest in RNA and identify potential drug targets for macromolecules whose crystal structures are unknown. The results also show the utility of RNA homology modeling software for structure determination and lay the groundwork for applying thisapproach to larger and more complex eukaryotic ribosomes and other RNA-protein complexes. Structures generated from this study can be used in in silico screening experiments and lead to the determination of structures for targets/hit complexes.

关键词： Ribosome 40S subunit RNA structure Plasmodium falciparum 3D modeling De novo Homology

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Oxford Nanopore MinION Sequencing and Genome Assembly

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第5期14卷 265-279页

作者： Hengyun Lu Francesca Giordano Zemin Ning National Centre of Gene Research Chinese Academy of Sciences The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus

The revolution of genome sequencing is continuing after the successful secondgeneration sequencing （SGS） technology. The third-generation sequencing （TGS） technology, led by Pacific Biosciences （PacBio）, is progressing rapidly, moving from a technology once only capable of providing data for small genome analysis, or for performing targeted screening, to one that promises high quality de novo assembly and structural variation detection for human-sized genomes. In 2014, the MinION, the first commercial sequencer using nanopore technology, was released by Oxford Nanopore Technologies （ONT）. MiniON identifies DNA bases by measuring the changes in electrical conductivity generated as DNA strands pass through a biological pore. Its portability, affordability, and speed in data production makes it suitable for real-time applications, the release of the long read sequencer MiniON has thus generated much excitement and interest in the genomics community. While de novo genome assemblies can be cheaply produced from SGS data, assem- bly continuity is often relatively poor, due to the limited ability of short reads to handle long repeats. Assembly quality can be greatly improved by using TGS long reads, since repetitive regions can be easily expanded into using longer sequencing lengths, despite having higher error rates at the base level. The potential of nanopore sequencing has been demonstrated by various studies in genome surveillance at locations where rapid and reliable sequencing is needed, but where resources are limited.

关键词： Third-generation sequencing Oxford nanopore MiniON-device De novo assembly Structural variations Molecular clinical diagnostics

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Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 61-75页

作者： Ernest Tambo Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji Fang Huang Jun-Hu Chen Shui-Sen Zhou Ling-Hua Tang National Institute of Parasitic Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre on MalariaSchisostomiasis and FilariasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of Health207 Rui Jin Er RdShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China School of Medicine&Pharmacy Houdegbe North American University PK10Route de Porto-Novo06 BP 2080CotonouRépublique du Bénin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Kampala International University Western CampusP.O.Box 71IshakaBushenyiUganda

This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011,with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements,progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards *** findings showed that since 1960,malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not ***,during the last decade,the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted,including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness,commitment and funding by governments and international *** benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions,improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted,although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara ***,novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination,require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage,and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,vector dynamics,and socioeconomic aspects of the *** conclusion,political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions,networking between African and Chinese scientists,and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains,and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interve

关键词： malaria funding scaling up interventions health system Sub-Sahara Africa People’s Republic of China

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Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3476-3483页

作者： Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson Division of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Imaging Sciences Depart-ment Division of Clinical Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road London W12 OHS United Kingdom

Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions.

关键词： Adipose tissue Ectopic fat Hepatic fat Insulin resistance Ultrasound Computerised tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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