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Nutritional Characterization of Traditional Foods Based on Millet, Sorghum and Cowpea from the North-Central Region of Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 681-694页

作者： Rasmata Dabo Fatoumata Hama-Ba Serge Samandoulgou Aly Savadogo Food Technology Department Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The food and nutrition situation in Burkina Faso, like most developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is marked by growing food vulnerability. The majority of local dishes are being abandoned in favor of a minority of imported cereal dishes and other ultra-processed foods. This minority of cereal foods is blamed for stunted growth in children, while ultra-processed foods are linked to chronic diseases such as hypertension, certain types of diabetes and cancer. Knowledge of the nutritional value of local foods is needed to determine their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional values of local dishes based on millet, sorghum and cowpea in the Centre-North region. The methodology consisted of making an inventory of millet-, sorghum- and cowpea-based dishes using focus groups made up of women and men from three age groups comprising young people, adults and the elderly in the communes of Lebda and Boussouma. The dishes were reproduced, and standard biochemical methods were used for nutritional characterization. A total of 34 dishes were inventoried, including 16 millet/sorghum-based dishes, 8 cowpea-based dishes and 10 dishes composed of millet/sorghum and cowpea or leaves. The mean protein, carbohydrate, ash and iron contents per 100 g DM of the three types of dishes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), ranging respectively from 13.61 to 22.63 g, 70.76 to 80.88 g, 1.87 to 5.96 g and 7.67 to 12.06 mg. Those for lipid, energy and zinc were not significantly different, ranging from 5.51 to 6.56 g, from 427 to 433 Kcal and from 2.98 to 3.32 mg respectively. Cowpea-based and mixed dishes cover the nutritional requirements for protein, carbohydrates, iron, zinc and energy recommended for children and adults. The consumption of mixed dishes and cowpea-based dishes could be promoted by nutritional policy to reduce stunting and recommended to obese, hypertensive and diabetic people as part of their diet.

关键词： Cereals Legumes Food Nutritional Burkina Faso

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Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in an Ejector-Driven Swirl Anti-Icing Chamber

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 989-1014页

作者： Yi Tu Yuan Wu Yu Zeng Hunan University of Arts and Sciences Hunan Key Laboratory of Distributed Electric Propulsion Vehicle Control TechnologyChangde415000China Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Aircraft Ice Protection AVIC Aerodynamics Research InstituteShenyang110034China School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

The formation of ice on the leading edge of aircraft engines is a serious issue,as it can have catastrophic *** Swirl Anti-Icing(SAI)system,driven by ejection,circulates hot fluid within a 360°annular chamber to heat the engine inlet lip surface and prevent *** study employs a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approach to study the impact of key geometric parameters of this system on flow and heat transfer characteristics within the anti-icing ***,the entropy generation rate and exergy efficiency are analyzed to assess the energy utilization in the *** research findings indicate that,within the considered flow range,reducing the nozzle specific areaφfrom 0.03061 to 0.01083 can enhance the ejection coefficient by over 60.7%.This enhancement increases the air circulating rate,thereby intensifying convective heat transfer within the SAI ***,the reduction inφalso leads to a significant increase in the required bleed air pressure and a higher entropy generation rate,indicating lower exergy *** nozzle angleθnotably affects the distribution of hot and cold spots on the lip surface of the SAI ***θfrom 0°to 20°reduces the maximum temperature difference on the anti-icing chamber surface by 60 K.

关键词： Swirl anti-icing heat transfer exergy efficiency hot and cold spot aircraft engine

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Physical neural networks with self-learning capabilities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 23-42页

作者： Weichao Yu Hangwen Guo Jiang Xiao Jian Shen State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China

Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or *** networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out computations effectively,potentially surpassing the constraints of conventional digital neural networks.A recent advancement known as“physical self-learning”aims to achieve learning through intrinsic physical processes rather than relying on external *** article offers a comprehensive review of the progress made in implementing physical self-learning across various physical *** learning strategies that contribute to the realization of physical self-learning are *** challenges in understanding the fundamental mechanism of learning,this work highlights the progress towards constructing intelligent hardware from the ground up,incorporating embedded self-organizing and self-adaptive dynamics in physical systems.

关键词： self-learning physical neural networks neuromorphic computing physical learning

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Disparity estimation for multi-scale multi-sensor fusion

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 259-274页

作者： SUN Guoliang PEI Shanshan LONG Qian ZHENG Sifa YANG Rui Suzhou Automotive research institute Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215000China Beijing Smarter Eye Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100023China College of Artifical Intelligence Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The perception module of advanced driver assistance systems plays a vital *** schemes often use a single sensor for data processing and environmental perception or adopt the information processing results of various sensors for the fusion of the detection *** paper proposes a multi-scale and multi-sensor data fusion strategy in the front end of perception and accomplishes a multi-sensor function disparity map generation scheme.A binocular stereo vision sensor composed of two cameras and a light deterction and ranging(LiDAR)sensor is used to jointly perceive the environment,and a multi-scale fusion scheme is employed to improve the accuracy of the disparity *** solution not only has the advantages of dense perception of binocular stereo vision sensors but also considers the perception accuracy of LiDAR *** demonstrate that the multi-scale multi-sensor scheme proposed in this paper significantly improves disparity map estimation.

关键词： stereo vision light deterction and ranging(LiDAR) multi-sensor fusion multi-scale fusion disparity map

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Interfacial growth of N,S-codoped mesoporous carbon onto biomass-derived carbon for superior potassium-ion storage

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Nano research 2024年第4期17卷 2619-2627页

作者： Na Huang Cheng Tang Hao Jiang Jie Sun Aijun Du Haijiao Zhang institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia Shanghai Engineering research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistrySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Carbonaceous materials have been recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their abundant raw materials,controllable structure,superior conductivity,and good chemical ***,the large radius of K ions and the low potassium content of intercalation compounds result in the sluggish storage kinetics and low reversible capacity of carbon *** this work,we present a unique heteroatom-doped carbon composite(denoted as NS-MC/SC)through a facile interfacial assembly route and simple heat-treatment process,where NS-MC is well grafted onto the biomass-derived spore carbon(SC).This unique structural design endows it with abundant mesoporous channels,expanded layer spacing,and highly doped N and *** these merits,the NS-MC/SC anode in PIBs exhibits a high reversible capacity of 350.4 mAh·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1) after 300 cycles,and an outstanding cycling ***,in-situ Raman spectra further verify the high reversibility of K ions insertion/***,theoretical simulations also reveal that the N,S dual-doping is an efficient approach for improving the potassium-ion storage performance of NS-MC/SC.

关键词： mesoporous carbon(MC) biomass-derived carbon(BC) N S co-doping interfacial assembly potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)

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Effects of Reinforcement Content and Homogenization Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of in‑situ TiB_(2)/2219Al Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1421-1437页

作者： Linwei Li Donghu Zhou Kai Zhao Lifeng Jiang Huijun Kang Enyu Guo Feng Mao Zongning Chen Tongmin Wang Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Ningbo institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315000China National Joint Engineering research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Longmen Laboratory Luoyang 471000China

Obtaining an appropriate grain size is crucial for Al alloys or Al matrix composites prior to processing,as it significantly influences the mechanical properties of components and workability during the manufacturing ***_(2)particles are exceptional grain refiners in Al and serve as excellent reinforcement particles for particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix ***,the optimal particle content for achieving excellent refinement and strengthening effects depends on the matrix composition and requires further ***,homogenization is essential for mitigating the element segregation in the *** it is anticipated that adding suitable particles can effectively inhibit undesired grain growth during homogenization,comprehensive investigations on this aspect are currently ***,TiB_(2)/2219Al matrix composites with varying reinforcement contents(0,1,3,5 wt%)were fabricated through traditional casting followed by homogenization treatment to address these research *** effects of reinforcement content and homogenization treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ TiB_(2)/2219Al composites were *** results demonstrate a gradual strengthening of the refining effect with increasing particle ***,composites containing 3 wt%TiB_(2)particles exhibit superior comprehensive mechanical properties in both as-cast and homogenized ***,potential orientation relationships are observed and calculated between undissolved Al_(2)Cu eutectic phase and submicron or nanometer-sized TiB_(2)particles,resulting in a mixture structure with enhanced bonding *** mixture structure is continuously distributed along grain boundaries during solidification,forming a three-dimensional cellular network that acts as primary retarding forces for grain growth during ***,the established homogenization kinetic equations were further utilized to an

关键词： TiB_(2)/2219Al matrix composite Reinforcement content Homogenization treatment Homogenization kinetic Cellular structure Mechanical property

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Mitigating Iron Toxicity by Using Rock Phosphate to Improve Rice Productivity

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 423-438页

作者： Adama Bagayogo Honoré Kam Jacques Sawadogo Moumouni Konate Moussa Sie Satoshi Nakamura Fujio Nagumo Mahamadou Sawadogo Ouaga I Uviversity Jospeph Ki-Zerbo Life and Earth Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SVT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological research National Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Japan International research Center for Agricultural Sciences Ibaraki Japan

Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m2). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m2) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m2). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m2) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m2). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.

关键词： Oryza NPK NK Rock Phosphate Rice

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Improved hydrogen storage kinetics of MgH_(2) using TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04) with in-situ generated α-Fe as catalyst

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2024年第1期4卷 95-103页

作者： Zefeng Li Yangfan Lu Jingfeng Wang Yu'an Chen Qian Li Fushen Pan College of Materials Science and Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium AlloysChongqing UniversityChongqing400044PR China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044PR China Chongqing institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment Chongqing401135PR China

While TiFe alloy has recently attracted attention as the efficient catalyst to enhance de/hydrogenation rates of Mg/MgH_(2),the difficulty of its activation characteristics has hindered further improvement of reaction ***,we report that the TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04) catalyst can overcome the abovementioned *** synthesized MgH_(2)-30 wt% TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04) can release 4.5 wt%of hydrogen in 16 min at 250℃,three times as fast as MgH_(2).The activation energy of dehydrogenation was as low as 84.6 kJ mol^(-1),which is 46.8%reduced from pure MgH_(2).No clear degradation of reaction rates and hydrogen storage capacity was observed for at least 30 *** studies reveal that TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04) partially decomposes to in-situ generatedα-Fe particles dispersed on TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04).The presence ofα-Fe reduces the formation of an oxide layer on TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04),enabling the activation *** the same time,the hydrogen incorporation capabilities of TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04) can provide more hydrogen diffusion paths,which promote hydrogen dissociation and *** discoveries demonstrate the advanced nature and importance of combining the in-situ generatedα-Fe with TiFe_(0.92)Mn_(0.04)Co_(0.04).It provides a new strategy for designing highly efficient and stable catalysts for Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.

关键词： Hydrogen storage materials Magnesium De/hydrogenation kinetics Catalyst

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Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael J.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

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Study on the Impact of Massive Refracturing on the Fracture Network in Tight Oil Reservoir Horizontal Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 1147-1163页

作者： Jianchao Shi Yanan Zhang Wantao Liu Yuliang Su Jian Shi Exploration and Development research institute Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an710018China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields Xi’an710018China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580China

Class III tight oil reservoirs have low porosity and permeability,which are often responsible for low production rates and limited *** repeated fracturing is a well-known technique to fix some of these *** such methods,existing fractures are refractured,and/or new fractures are created to facilitate communication with natural *** study explored how different refracturing methods affect horizontal well fracture networks,with a special focus on morphology and related fluid flow *** particular,the study relied on the unconventional fracture model(UFM).The evolution of fracture morphology and flow field after the initial fracturing were analyzed *** simulation results indicated that increased formation energy and reduced reservoir stress differences can promote fracture *** was shown that the length of the fracture network,the width of the fracture network,and the complexity of the fracture can be improved,the oil drainage area can be increased,the distance of oil and gas seepage can be reduced,and the production of a single well can be significantly increased.

关键词： Type III tight oil reservoirs refracturing methods horizontal wells fracture network study fracture network evolution

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