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地震反射剖面揭示阿尔泰山陆内逆冲造山机制

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1757-1766页

作者：张蕾赵连锋赵亮谢小碧田小波肖文交姚振兴 Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California at Santa CruzCA 95064USA Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

The Altai orogen is a typical intracontinental orogen in Central Asia that experienced far-field deformation associated with Indian-Eurasian plate convergence. This region is characterized by uplift comparable to that of the Tianshan Mountains but has a distinct strain rate. Half of the Indo-Asia strain is accommodated by the Tianshan Mountains, whereas the Altai Mountains accommodates only 10%. To elucidate how the Altai Mountains produced such a large amount of uplift with only one-fifth of the strain rate of the Tianshan Mountains, we constructed a detailed crustal image of the Altai Mountains based on a new 166.8-km deep seismic reflection profile. The prestack migration images reveal an antiform within the Erqis crust, an ~10 km Moho offset between the Altai arc and the East Junggar area, and a major south-dipping(30° dip) thrust in the lower crust beneath the Altai Mountains, which is connected to the Moho offset. The south-dipping thrust not only records the southward subduction of the Ob-Zaisan Ocean in the Paleozoic but also controlled the Altai deformation pattern in the Cenozoic with the Erqis antiform. The Erqis antiform prevented the extension of deformation to the Junggar crust. The southdipping thrust in the lower crust of the Altai area caused extrusion of the lower crust, generating uplift at the surface, thickening of the crust, and steep(~10 km) Moho deepening in the Altai Mountains. This process significantly widened the deformation zone of the Altai Mountains. These findings provide a new geodynamic model for describing how inherited crustal structure controls intraplate deformation without strong horizontal stress.

关键词： Altai mountains Deep seismic reflection profile Subduction-accretion process Intraplate deformation pattern

Opportunities and challenges of CD47-targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 49-60页

作者： QIUQIANG CHEN XUEJUN GUO WENXUE MA Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine The First Affiliated HospitalHuzhou University School of MedicineHuzhou313000China Department of Hematology Puyang Youtian General HospitalPuyang457001China Department of Medicine Moores Cancer CenterSanford Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaSan Diego92093USA

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer,with the tumor microenvironment(TME)playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune ***47,a cell surface protein,has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer ***,the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely *** comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion,elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy outcomes,including checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell ***,CD47-targeted therapies offer a promising avenue for improving cancer treatment outcomes,especially when combined with other immunotherapeutic *** review also discusses current and potential CD47-targeted therapies being explored for cancer treatment and delves into the associated challenges and opportunities inherent in targeting *** the demonstrated effectiveness of CD47-targeted therapies,there are potential problems,including unintended effects on healthy cells,hematological toxicities,and the development if ***,further research efforts are warranted to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance and to optimize CD47-targeted therapies through innovative combination approaches,ultimately improving cancer treatment ***,this comprehensive review highlights the significance of CD47 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and provides valuable insight into the challenges and opportunities in developing effective CD47-targeted therapies for cancer treatment.

关键词： CD47 Cancer immunotherapy CD47-targeted therapies Tumor microenvironment Macrophage Cancer cell Immune evasion Checkpoint inhibitors CAR T-cell therapy Cancer treatment outcomes

Electronic structure and effective mass of pristine and Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3)

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 167-171页

作者：魏志远魏愉昊徐申东彭舒婷 Makoto Hashimoto 路东辉潘旭匡泯泉肖正国何俊峰 Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Structure Optoelectronics and School of Physical Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials Institute of Applied TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource and Stanford institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites(LHPs) have attracted great interest owing to their outstanding optoelectronic ***,the underlying electronic structure would determinate the physical properties of *** as for now,limited studies have been done to reveal the underlying electronic structure of this material system,comparing to the huge amount of investigations on the material *** effective mass of the valance band is one of the most important physical parameters which plays a dominant role in charge transport and photovoltaic *** pristine CsPbBr_(3),the Fr?hlich polarons associated with the Pb–Br stretching modes are proposed to be responsible for the effective mass *** this regard,it would be very interesting to explore the electronic structure in doped ***,we report high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) studies on both pristine and Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3).The experimental band dispersions are extracted from ARPES spectra along both ■ and ■ high symmetry *** calculations are performed and directly compared with the ARPES *** results have revealed the band structure of Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3) for the first time,which have also unveiled the effective mass renormalization in the Cl-doped CsPbBr_(3) *** dependent measurements indicate that the chlorine doping could moderately tune the renormalization *** results will help understand the physical properties of LHPs as a function of doping.

关键词： lead halide perovskites electronic structure effective mass

Smart polymeric hydrogels

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SmartMat 2024年第2期5卷 1-3页

作者： Wei Lu Feng Zhou Ximin He Jie Zheng Tao Chen Ningbo institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of AkronAkronOhioUSA

In nature,most biological tissues exist in a quasi-solid hydrogel state,adapting their properties in response to environmental changes via natural *** by these natural hydrogels,significant research efforts over the past two decades have been devoted to creating their synthetic counterparts,known as smart polymeric hydrogels(SPHs).Nowadays,SPHs have attracted a global research focus due to their unique and adaptable properties;however,creating SPHs that meet specific demands remains one of the major scientific challenges.

关键词： polymeric hydrogel evolution.

Improving photochemical indicators for attributing ozone sensitivities in source apportionment analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 235-246页

作者： Xiaohui Du Wei Tang Zhongzhi Zhang Yang Yu Yang Li Ling Huang Greg Yarwood Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100857China Asia Center for Air Pollution Research United Nations Environment Programme Asia and the Pacific OfficeNishi-kuNiigata-shi 9502144Japan School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Ramboll NovatoCalifornia 94945USA

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx)-Decoupled Direct Method(DDM)simulations of first-order ozone(O_(3))sensitivity to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions were performed and combined with modelled P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O_(3)-sensitivity regimes for different areas of *** the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators,the method for determining O_(3)formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT)module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))*** O_(3)concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO_(x)and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio and first-order O_(3)*** source contributions of O_(3)concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved *** results showed that the O_(3)concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO_(x)-limited regime,with a maximum decrease of 21.89%,while the contributions increased by up to 7.57%in the VOC-limited regime,and were within 15μg/m^(3)in the transition *** modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O_(3)to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O_(3)pollution control policy.

关键词： O_(3) modeling O_(3)-sensitivity regimes Ozone source apportionment technology Photochemical indicators

Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) and Bifurcation-Integration Solutions in Nonlinear Differential Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1733-1743页

作者： Hiroshi Uechi Lisa Uechi Schun T. Uechi Osaka Gakuin University Suita Osaka Japan Beckman Research institute University of California Los Angeles USA Nozuta Machida-City Tokyo Japan

The new independent solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC) are discussed, for the first time, by employing experimental device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-forth motion develops into water drinking motion. The solution to a drinking bird equation of motion manifests itself the transition from thermodynamic equilibrium to nonequilibrium irreversible states. The independent solution signifying a nonequilibrium thermal state seems to be constructed as if two independent bifurcation solutions are synthesized, and so, the solution is tentatively termed as the bifurcation-integration solution. The bifurcation-integration solution expresses the transition from mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium to a nonequilibrium irreversible state, which is explicitly shown by the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC). The analysis established a new theoretical approach to nonequilibrium irreversible states, thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The TMD method enables one to obtain thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent progresses of thermodynamic quantities, by employing the bifurcation-integration solutions of NDE-TC. We hope that the basic properties of bifurcation-integration solutions will be studied and investigated further in mathematics, physics, chemistry and nonlinear sciences in general.

关键词： The Nonlinear Differential Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients The Bifurcation-Integration Solution Nonequilibrium Irreversible States Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD)

PACK-CXL *** therapy for bacterial,fungal,and mixed infectious keratitis:a prospective randomized phase 3 trial

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 10-20页

作者： Farhad Hafezi Mohammed Hosny Rohit Shetty Boris Knyazer Shihao Chen Qinmei Wang Hassan Hashemi Emilio A.Torres‑Netto 无 Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine(CABMM) University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland ELZA institute DietikonSwitzerland. Faculty of Medicine University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of WenzhouWenzhouChina USC Roski Eye institute University of Southern California Los AngelesLos AngelesUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CairoCairoEgypt Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital and the Postgraduate institute of Ophthal‑mology BangaloreIndia Department of Ophthalmology Soroka University Medical CenterBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeershebaIsrael Noor Ophthalmology Research Center Noor Eye HospitalTehranIran University Hospital Zurich ZurichSwitzerland. the PACK-CXL Working Group

Background:Infectious keratitis is a major cause of global *** tested whether standalone photoactivated chromophore corneal cross-linking(PACK-CXL)may be an efective frst-line treatment in early to moderate infectious keratitis,compared with standard antimicrobial ***:This is a randomized,controlled,multinational phase 3 clinical *** in fve centers in Egypt,India,Iran,Israel,and China,aged≥18 years,with infectious keratitis of presumed bacterial,fungal,or mixed origin,were randomly assigned(1:1)to PACK-CXL,or antimicrobial *** measures included healing,defned as time to re-epithelialization of the corneal epithelial defect in the absence of infammatory activity in the anterior chamber and clearance of stromal *** success was defned as the complete resolution of signs of ***:Between July 21,2016,and March 4,2020,participants were randomly assigned to receive PACK-CXL(n=18)or antimicrobial therapy per American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)guidelines(n=21).No participants were lost to *** eyes were excluded from the epithelialization time analysis due to treatment failure:two in the antimicrobial therapy group,and two in the PACK-CXL *** rates were 88.9%(16/18 patients)in the PACK-CXL group and 90.5%(19/21 patients)in the medication *** was no signifcant diference in time to complete corneal re-epithelialization(P=0.828)between both treatment ***:PACK-CXL may be an alternative to antimicrobial drugs for frst-line and standalone treatment of early to moderate infectious keratitis of bacterial or fungal origin.

关键词： Photoactivated chromophore Corneal cross-linking Infectious keratitis Corneal melting PACK-CXL

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用于重建物理和虚拟抓取的可重构数据手套

Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 202-216页

作者： Hangxin Liu Zeyu Zhang Ziyuan Jiao Zhenliang Zhang Minchen Li Chenfanfu Jiang Yixin Zhu Song-Chun Zhu National Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence(BIGAI)Beijing 100080China Center for Vision CognitionLearning and AutonomyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Multi-Physics Lagrangian-Eulerian Simulations Laboratory Department of MathematicsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In this work,we present a reconfigurable data glove design to capture different modes of human hand-object interactions,which are critical in training embodied artificial intelligence(AI)agents for fine manipulation *** achieve various downstream tasks with distinct features,our reconfigurable data glove operates in three modes sharing a unified backbone design that reconstructs hand gestures in real *** the tactile-sensing mode,the glove system aggregates manipulation force via customized force sensors made from a soft and thin piezoresistive material;this design minimizes interference during complex hand *** virtual reality(VR)mode enables real-time interaction in a physically plausible fashion:A caging-based approach is devised to determine stable grasps by detecting collision *** a state-of-the-art finite element method,the simulation mode collects data on fine-grained four-dimensionalmanipulation events comprising hand and object motions in three-dimensional space and how the object's physical properties(e.g.,stress and energy)change in accordance with manipulation over ***,the glove system presented here is the first to use high-fidelity simulation to investigate the unobservable physical and causal factors behind manipulation *** a series of experiments,we characterize our data glove in terms of individual sensors and the overall *** specifically,we evaluate the system's three modes by①recording hand gestures and associated forces,②improving manipulation fluency in VR,and③producing realistic simulation effects of various tool uses,*** on these three modes,our reconfigurable data glove collects and reconstructs fine-grained human grasp data in both physical and virtual environments,thereby opening up new avenues for the learning of manipulation skills for embodied AI agents.

关键词： Data glove Tactile sensing Virtual reality Physics-based simulation

TaRLK-6A promotes Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 12-16页

作者： Haijun Qi Xiuliang Zhu Wenbiao Shen Xia Yang Chaozhong Zhang Genying Li Feng Chen Xuening Wei Zengyan Zhang institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130000China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Agronomy College/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT‐China(Henan)Joint Center of Wheat and Maize Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Crop Research institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China

Fusariumcrown rot(FCR),mainly caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum,is a devastatingdisease of wheat(Triticum aestivum(Ta)).Fusariumcrown rotcauses substantial yield losses and generates mycotoxins inwheat grains that can cause serious health problems in hu-mans and livestock(Powell et al.,2017).Identifying genes thatprovide resistance *** character-izing the molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance arekey to breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to this dev-astating fungus.

关键词： aestivum breeding soil