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Simulation of Fusion Plasmas:Current Status and Future Direction

Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第3期9卷 312-387页

作者： D.A.Batchelor M.Beck A.Becoulet R.V.Budny C.S.Chang P.H.Diamond J.Q.Dong G.Y.FU A.Fukuyama T.S.Hahm D.E.Keyes Y.Kishimoto S.Klasky L.L.Lao K.Li Z.Lin B.Ludaescher J.Manickam N.Nakajima T.Ozeki N.Podhorszki W.M.Tang M.A.Vouk R.E.Waltz S.J.Wang H.R.Wilson X.Q.Xu M.Yagi F.Zonca Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA 1122 Volunteer Blvd Suite 203KnoxvilleTN 37996-3450USA AssociationEURATOM-CEA sur la Fusio n Contr■lée CEA Cadarache13108 Saint Paul lez Durance CedexFrance Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08543USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University251 Mercer StreetNew YorkNY 10012USA University of california at San Diego Dept.of Physics and Center for Astrophysics and Space SciencesLa JollaCA 92093USA Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Department of Nuclear Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Columbia University Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsMC 4701New YorkNY 10027USA Department of Fundamental Energy Science Graduate School of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan General Atomics P.O.Box 85608San DiegoCA 92186USA Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Computer Science University of california DavisCA95616USA National Institute for Fusion Science TokiGifu 509-5292Japan Japan Atomic Energy agency Naka Fusion Research EstablishmentNaka-machiIbaraki-kenJapan Department of Computer Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Physics Fudan University200433 ShanghaiChina Department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DD UK Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla fusione CR FrascatiCasella Postale 65-00044FrascatiItaly

I. Introduction (Z. Lin, G. Y. Fu, J. Q. Dong) II. Role of theory and simulation in fusion sciences 1. The Impact of theory and simulation on tokomak experiments (H. R. Wilson, T.S. Hahm and F. Zonca) 2. Tokomak Transport Physics for the Era of ITER: Issues for Simulations (P.H. Diamond and T.S. Hahm) III. Status of fusion simulation and modeling 1. Nonlinear Governing Equations for Plasma Simulations (T. S. Hahm) 2. Equilibrium and stability (L.L. Lao, J. Manickam) 3. Transport modeling (R.E. Waltz) 4. Nonlinear MHD (G.Y. Fu) 5. Turbulence (Z. Lin and R.E. Waltz) 6. RF heating and current drive (D.A. Batchelor) 7. Edge physics Simulations (X.Q. Xu and C.S. Chang) 8. Energetic particle physics (F. Zonca, G.Y. Fu and S.J. Wang) 9. Time-dependent Integrated Modeling (R.V. Budny) 10. Validation and verification (J. Manickam) IV. Major initiatives on fusion simulation 1. US Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program & Fusion Energy Science (W. Tang) 2. EU Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force (A. Becoulet) 3. Fusion Simulations Activities in Japan (A. Fukuyama, N. Nakajima, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ozeki, and M. Yagi) V. Cross-disciplinary research in fusion simulation 1. Applied mathematics: Models, Discretizations, and Solvers (D.E. Keyes) 2. Computational Science (K. Li) 3. Scientific Data and Workflow management (S. Klasky, M. Beck, B. Ludaescher, N. Podhorszki, M.A. Vouk) 4. Collaborative tools (J. Manickam)

关键词： mode ITER

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Nonlinear Turbo Codes For Higher-Order Modulations

Nonlinear Turbo Codes For Higher-Order Modulations

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2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC 2008)

作者： Miguel Griot Andres I.Vila Casado Richard Wesel Dept.of Electrical Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095

Parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation （PCTCM） has been traditionally designed using parallel concatenated convolutional codes with a bits-to-symbol mapper. However,this paper shows that for higher-order modulations using linear codes is too restrictive. Parallel Concatenated Nonlinear Trellis Coded Modulation （PC-NLTCM） that directly assigns constel-lation points as output-labels to the branches of the trellis can outperform PC-TCM. Simulation results are shown for a 2 bits/s/Hz 16-state nonlinear turbo code with 8PSK. This code is less than 0.43 dB away from the Shannon limit at a BER = 10 5 with an interleaver length of 10000 bits,and outperforms previous published linear turbo code by around 0.2 dB. This paper also provides an extension of Benedetto’s uniform interleaver analysis for nonlinear constituent codes,which accurately predicts the BER of the PC-NLTCM at high SNR.

关键词： Channel coding information rates turbo codes nonlinear codes PSK trellis codes parallel concatenated trellis codes

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利用纳米气泡控制农业废水灌溉系统复合污垢的机制

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 214-225页

作者： Yang Xiao Bo Zhou Siyuan Tan Lei Li Tahir Muhammad Buchun Si Changjian Ma Sunny C.Jiang Yunkai Li College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources(Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China) China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and management Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92617USA

The increasing demand for wastewater treatment has become a notable trend for addressing global water ***,fouling is a significant challenge for wastewater distribution engineering *** study provides an approach using nanobubbles(NBs)to control *** antifouling capacities of three types of NBs,six oxygen concentrations,and two application procedures(prevention and removal)are *** results show that NBs effectively mitigate composite fouling—including biofouling,inorganic scaling,and particulate fouling—in comparison with the non-NBs *** specifically,hydroxyl radicals generated by the self-collapse of NBs oxidize organics and kill microorganisms in *** negatively charged surfaces of the NBs transform the crystalline form of CaCO_(3)from calcite to looser aragonite,which reduces the likelihood of ion ***,the NBs gas-liquid interfaces act as gas"bridges"between colloidal particles,enhancing the removal of particles from ***,although the NBs inhibit the growth of fouling,they do not significantly remove the already adhered fouling in non-NBs treated *** study anticipates that the application of NBs will address the significant fouling issue for various wastewater distribution engineering systems in order to meet the global challenge of sustainable water supplies.

关键词： Biofouling Scaling Colloidal fouling Wastewater Antifouling mechanism

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Relationship between Serum Anion Gap and Diabetes Mellitus

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2015年第4期5卷 199-205页

作者： Agoro Eni-Yimini Solomon Mieebi M. Wankasi Ogregade Ileimokumo Department of Chemical Pathology Medical Laboratory Services Federal Medical Center Yenagoa Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Heath Science Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Bayelsa State HIV/Aids Control agency Yenagoa Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder occasioned by derangement in glucose equilibration between the ECF and ICF. The derangement is known to affect the appropriate balance of electrolytes that serves as a buffer in the body. In this study anion gap was evaluated among outpatient diabetics as compared to non-diabetics control group. The categorization into the study or control groups was done by serum glucose estimation using glucose oxidase method. The study group mean age was 51 ±14 as against control group of 47 ± 10. One hundred and fifty subjects were divided in two groups based on serum glucose concentration. Group A (control group) consisted of 50 subjects with mean serum glucose concentration 4.3 ±1.7 mmol/l and anion gap 13.8 ± 2.6, group B (diabetics) consisted of 100 subjects that had serum glucose concentration 15.0 ± 3.9 and anion gap 18.4 ± 2.5. The glucose was estimation by glucose oxidase method, whereas the anion gap was calculated by subtracting the concentrations of sodium and potassium from the concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate. The concentrations of the electrolytes where assayed using ion selective electrodes (ISE). A statistical significant difference P was observed between group A and B glucose concentrations and the anion gap. The abnormal anion gap was created by the insufficiency of bicarbonate used for the buffering of the electrolytes variability occasioned by derangement in glucose metabolism and distorted hormonal secretion. Hence metabolic acidosis is strongly linked with diabetics as a result of distorted anion gap. Healthcare providers and takers should ensure that anion gap estimation is factored into investigations for the management of diabetics. Also, patients with deranged anion gap should be placed as an emergency case for proper management. Clinicians should ensure that patient’s anion gap is within the reference anion gap range so as to prevent development into metabolic acidosis and subsequent ket

关键词： Anion Gap Diabetes Mellitus Serum Anion Serum Cation Serum Buffers

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Assessment of Public Health Risks Associated with Naphthalene Entering Residences and Commercial Space from Vapor Intrusion at MGP Sites

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第12期4卷 11-17页

作者： Robin DeHate Brian Skelly Marie Bourgeois Giffe Johnson Raymond Harbison 1Center for Environmental/Occupational Risk Analysis and management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA 2GEI Consultants Inc. Valrico USA. Center for Environmental/Occupational Risk Analysis and management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA GEI Consultants Inc. Valrico USA.

Naphthalene, a constituent of coal tar, is a contaminant frequently found at former manufactured gas plants (MGP). Development at these sites has resulted in residential and commercial areas with potential exposures from vapor intrusion adversely affecting indoor air of residences and buildings. Naphthalene is routinely analyzed in soil vapor intrusion assessments for properties overlying and surrounding former MGP sites. The United States Environmental Protection agency (EPA) has a proposed unit risk factor and the State of california has promulgated a unit risk factor for naphthalene. Naphthalene exposure from vapor intrusion is potentially a public health risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three sites located in the northeast United States to determine the frequency of naphthalene detection in indoor air. A total of 79 properties were included in the study. A total of 546 indoor air samples were analyzed for naphthalene on 161 occasions. Naphthalene concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 51 μg/m3 of air. Only 3 of the 546 indoor air samples detected naphthalene above the ninety-fifth percentile background value of 12 μg/m3 of air. Risk analysis indicated naphthalene vapor intrusion was not a public health risk among the 79 properties built on or near the former MGP sites.

关键词： Soil Vapor Intrusion Naphthalene Volatile Organic Compounds Risk Assessment Manufactured Gas Plant

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A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第8期63卷 1092-1112页

作者： Tianxiang YUE Na ZHAO Yu LIU Yifu WANG Bin ZHANG Zhengping DU Zemeng FAN Wenjiao SHI Chuanfa CHEN Mingwei ZHAO Dunjiang SONG Shihai WANG Yinjun SONG Changqing YAN Qiquan LI Xiaofang SUN Lili ZHANG Yongzhong TIAN Wei WANG Ying’an WANG Shengnan MA Hongsheng HUANG Yimin LU Qing WANG Chenliang WANG Yuzhu WANG Ming LU Wei ZHOU Yi LIU Xiaozhe YIN Zong WANG Zhengyi BAO Miaomiao ZHAO Yapeng ZHAO Yimeng JIAO Ufra NASEER Bin FAN Saibo LI Yang YANG John PWILSON State Key L aboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China College of Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Land and Resources China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China College of Geographical Information and Tourism Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China Institutes of Science and Development Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Information Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyTai'an 271019China College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China College of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276828China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Geographical Science Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China National Disaster Reduction Center of China Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100721China Department for Population Data China Population and Development Research CenterBeijing 100081China Department for Industrial Standard China Standardization AdministrationBeijing 100088China The Academy of Digital China Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China School of Information Engineering China University of GeoscienceBeijing 100083China Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology Beijing 100094China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.

关键词： HASM FTEEM Spatial upscaling Spatial downscaling Spatial interpolation Data fusion Model-data assimilation Model coupling

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Protecting Water Quality and Public Health Using a Smart Grid

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2013年第2期2卷 73-80页

作者： Ken Thompson Raja Kadiyala Intelligent Water Solutions CH2M HILL Englewood Colorado USA Intelligent Water Solutions CH2M HILL Oakland California USA

After the attacks on September 11, 2001 and the follow-up risk assessments by utilities across the United States, securing the water distribution system against malevolent attack became a strategic goal for the U.S. Environmental Protection agency. Following 3 years of development work on a Contamination Warning System (CWS) at the Greater Cincinnati Water Works, four major cities across the United States were selected to enhance the CWS development conducted by the USEPA. One of the major efforts undertaken was to develop a process to seamlessly process “Big Data” sets in real time from different sources (online water quality monitoring, consumer complaints, enhanced security, public health surveillance, and sampling and analysis) and graphically display actionable information for operators to evaluate and respond to appropriately. The most significant finding that arose from the development and implementation of the “dashboard” were the dual benefits observed by all four utilities: the ability to enhance their operations and improve the regulatory compliance of their water distribution systems. Challenge: While most of the utilities had systems in place for SCADA, Work Order management, Laboratory management, 311 Call Center management, Hydraulic Models, Public Health Monitoring, and GIS, these systems were not integrated, resulting in duplicate data entry, which made it difficult to trace back to a “single source of truth.” Each one of these data sources can produce a wealth of raw data. For most utilities, very little of this data is being translated into actionable information as utilities cannot overwhelm their staffs with manually processing the mountains of data generated. Instead, utilities prefer to provide their staffs with actionable information that is easily understood and provides the basis for rapid decision-making. Smart grid systems were developed so utilities can essentially find the actionable needle in the haystack of data. Utilities can then fo

关键词： Smart Grid On-line Water Quality Monitoring OWQM Event Detection System EDS TEVA-SPOT

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Discussions on real-world acupuncture treatments for chroni clow-back pain in older adults

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第2期17卷 71-76页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Hui Ouyang Xinru Qian Hui Wei David Dehui Wang Deguang He Haihe Tian Changzhen Gong Amy Matecki Sarah Faggert Alemi American TCM Association (ATCMA) McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine PLC YIN & YANG Healthcare Rusk Rehabilitation at NYU Langone Health Wei’s Chinese Medical Center Ohio State Integrative Medicine Wexner Medical Center Ohio State University New England School of Acupuncture Chinese Acupuncture and Herbs Center American Academy of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine Division of Integrative Medicine Alameda Health System Affiliated with School of Medicine University of California San Francisco Eastern Roots Wellness PLC

Chronic low-back pain(CLBP) is one of the most common pain conditions. Current clinical guidelines for low-back pain recommend acupuncture for CLBP. However, there are very few high-quality acupuncture studies on CLBP in older adults. Clinical acupuncture experts in the American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association(ATCMA) were interested in the recent grant on CLBP research announced by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. The ATCMA experts held an online discussion on the subject of real-world acupuncture treatments for CLBP in older adults. Seven participants, each with more than 20 years of acupuncture practice, discussed their own unique clinical experience while another participant talked about the potential mechanism of acupuncture in pain management. As a result of the discussion, a picture of a similar treatment strategy emerged across the participants for CLBP in older adults. This discussion shows that acupuncture may have complicated mechanisms in pain management, yet it is effective for the treatment of chronic pain involving maladaptive neuroplasticity;therefore, it should be effective for CLBP in older adults.

关键词： Acupuncture Pragmatic clinical trials as topic Real world Treatment strategies Low-back pain Older adults Discussion

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对入院前呼吸心跳停止的儿科患者的流行病学和结果的一项前瞻性定群研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 55-56页

作者： Young K.D. Gausche-Hill M. McClung C.D. Lewis R.J. 王经纬 Department of emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Box 21 1000 W Carson St Torrance CA 90509 United States Dr.

*** study reports the epidemiologic features, survival rates, and neurologic outcomes of the largest population-based series of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest patients with prospectively collected *** analysis of data from a prospective, interventional trial of out-of-hospital pediatric airway management conducted from 1994 to 1997 (Gausche M, Lewis RJ, Stratton SJ, et ***.2000;283:783-790).Consecutive out-of-hospital patients from 2 large urban counties in california 3 doses of epinephrine or were resuscitated for > 31 minutes in the emergency *** 8.6%survival rate after out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest is ***

关键词：儿科患者定群研究心跳停止复苏治疗心肺复苏心内注射婴儿猝死综合征呼吸暂停干预性统计学资料

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Reviewing Threats to Wild Rhodiola sachalinensis,A Medicinally Valuable yet Vulnerable Species

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第3期7卷 299-306页

作者： Josef A.Brinckmann Anthony B.Cunningham David E.V.Harter Traditional Medicinals Sustainability Department4515 Ross RoadSebastopolCalifornia95472USA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalKing Edward AvenuePietermaritzburg3209South Africa School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University90 South St.MurdochWA6150Australia Bundesamt für Naturschutz(BfN) Konstantinstr.110Bonn53179Germany

Occurring in China,DPR Korea,Japan,and Russian Federation and classified in the Red List of Chinese Flora as a vulnerable species,Rhodiola sachalinensis *** used increasingly in cosmetics,dietary supplements,and Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs).The aim of this study was to evaluate the(i)conservation status,harvesting and trade levels of ***,(ii)current state of experimental and commercial farming,and(iii)evidence of substitution or interchangeable use of *** with other Rhodiola *** assessed data from multiple disciplines and languages including studies on *** biology and ecology,information on impacts of wild harvest,management measures,and current levels of *** assessment shows that while *** is increasingly produced by cultivation,wild populations are decreasing and face multiple *** include(a)habitat loss including due to oil and gas infrastructure development on Sakhalin island,(b)climate change impacts on alpine ecosystems,and(c)overexploitation of wild plants to satisfy the growing commercial *** of the conservation status of *** should commence in each Range State,as well as resource assessments and monitoring of harvesting and trade of wild *** with increased reliance on cultivation,biodiversity conservation,and genetic diversity in wild populations are relevant to future use of this species.

关键词： Conservation Rhodiola rosea ssp.sachalinensis Rhodiola sachalinensis sustainable production Traditional Chinese Medicine

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