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Metabolic characteristics and nutrient utilization in high-feedefficiency pigs selected using different feed conversion ratio models

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 959-970页

作者： Beibei He Tiantian Li Wei Wang Hang Gao Yu Bai Shuai Zhang Jianjun Zang Defa Li Junjun Wang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for food Nutrition and Human health College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

An understanding of the nutrient utilization characteristics of pigs with different feed efficiencies(FEs) will help us to develop new strategies to reduce the costs of pig *** this study,we selected pigs with a range of FEs according to two feed conversion ratio models: the feed intake(FI) model,where pigs had the same average daily gains(ADGs) but different FIs,and the ADG model,where pigs had the same FIs but different ***-FE pigs had a higher abundance of short chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Lachnospiraceae,Clostridiaceae1,and Coriobacteriaceae) in their caecum in the FI model,and low-FE pigs had a higher abundance of two families(BacteroidalesS247group and Peptococcaceae) and two genera(Anaerotruncus and CandidatusSoleaferrea) in both *** contrast,high-FE pigs had more goblet cells and higher m RNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in the FI model,and higher mRNA expression of occludin but lower expressions of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-α2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1α) in the ADG *** findings suggest that the presence of SCFA-producing bacteria in the caecum and increased muscular growth may contribute to the high FE of low-FI pigs,while improved intestinal functions and decreased mitochondrial activity in the skeletal muscle are related to the high FE of high-ADG pigs.

关键词： feed efficiency caecum microbiota intestinal functions muscle growth and mitochondrial activity growing pigs

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Association of Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus： A Prospective Cohort Study in Northern China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期30卷 887-897页

作者： DU Hong Yi JIANG Hong O Karmin CHEN Bo XU Lin Ji LIU Shu Ping YI Jian Ping HE Geng Sheng QIAN Xu Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Department of animal Science Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg R3T 2N2 Manitoba Canada Department of Nutrition and food Hygiene School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Maternal and Child health Care Hospital Tangshan Municipality Tangshan 063000 Hebei China

Objective To examine the association of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestationa diabetes mellitus （GDM） in northern China. Methods The dietary intakes of pregnant women were recorded twice by 24-hour dietary recalls for three days prior to having been diagnosed with GDM, at 5-15 and 24-28 gestational weeks, respectively. GDM was diagnosed, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin （HbAlc） was measured at 24-28 weeks. Dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis. The association of the dietary pattern with GDM and HbAlc was examined by multiple logistic models. Results Of 753 participants, 64 （8.5%） were diagnosed with GDM. Four dietary patterns were identified： Western pattern （dairy, baked/fried food and white meat）, traditional pattern （light-colored vegetables, fine grain, red meat and tubers）, mixed pattern （edible fungi, shrimp/shellfish and red meat） and prudent pattern （dark-colored vegetables and deep-sea fish）. Compared with the prudent pattern, both the Western pattern and the traditional pattern were associated with an increased risk of GDM （aOR = 4.40, 95% CI： 1.58-12.22; aOR = 4.88, 95% Ch 1.79-13.32） and a high level of HbAlc （aOR = 12.37, 95% Ch 1.47-103.91; aOR = 26.23, 95% CI： 2.54-270.74）. Compared to the lowest quartile （Q）, 0.3 of the Western pattern scores and Q3-Q4 of the traditional pattern scores were associated with a higher risk of GDM. Conclusion The consumption of the Western pattern or the traditional pattern during pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM.

关键词： Gestational diabetes meltitus Dietary pattern Pregnant women Glycosylated hemoglobin Factor analysis

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Dietary betaine activates hepatic VTGⅡexpression in laying hens associated with hypomethylation of GR gene promoter and enhanced GR expression

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 381-390页

作者： Nagmeldin A.Omer Yun Hu Yan Hu Abdulrahman A.Idriss Halima Abobaker Zhen Hou Haibo Dong Ruqian Zhao MOE Joint International Research laboratory of animal health&food safety Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Key laboratory of animal Physiology&Biochemistry Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety ControlNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Poultry Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesYangzhouJiangsuChina

Background: Vitellogenin(VTG) is a precursor of egg yolk proteins synthesized within the liver of oviparous vertebrates. Betaine is an important methyl donor that is reported to improve egg production of laying hens with an unclear mechanism. In the present study, we fed betaine-supplemented diet(0.5%) to laying hens for 4 wk and investigated its effect on VTGII expression in the ***: Betaine did not affect chicken weight, but significantly(P < 0.05) increased egg laying rate accompanied with a significant(P < 0.05) increase in hepatic concentration and plasma level of VTGI. Plasma estrogen level did not change,but the hepatic expression of estrogen receptor α(ERα) mR NA was significantly(P < 0.05) up-regulated. Betaine did not affect the protein content of ERα, but significantly(P < 0.05) increased hepatic expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR)at both mR NA and protein levels. Also, ERα/GR interaction tended to be enhanced in the liver nuclear lysates of betainesupplemented hens as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation significantly increased(P < 0.05) the hepatic expression of methyl-transfer enzymes, such as BHMT, GNMT, and DNMT1,which was associated with higher SAM/SAH ratio and hypomethylation of GR promoter ***: Betaine activates hepatic VTGII expression in association with modified DNA methylation of GR gene promoter, GR expression and ERα/GR interaction. Activation of hepatic VTGII expression may contribute, at least partly, to improved egg production in betaine-supplemented hens.

关键词： Betaine Glucocorticoid receptor Hypomethylation Laying hens Vitellogenin

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Leucine Supplementation in a Chronically Protein-Restricted Diet Enhances Muscle Weight and Postprandial Protein Synthesis of Skeletal Muscle by Promoting the mTOR Pathway in Adult Rats

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 760-765页

作者： Bo Zhang Licui Chu Hong Liu Chunyuan Xie Shiyan Qiao Xiangfang Zeng Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for food Nutrition and Human health College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China State Key laboratory of animal Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Low protein intake causes a decrease in protein deposition in most animal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether leucine supplementation would increase the synthesis rate of protein and muscle weight in adult rats, which chronically consume only 58.8% of their protein requirements. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a 20% casein diet （CON）, a 10% casein ＋ 0.44% alanine diet （R）, and a 10% casein ＋ 0.87% leucine diet （RL）. After a 10 d dietary treatment, plasma amino acid levels were measured after feeding, the gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscles were harvested and weighed, and the fractional synthesis rate （FSR） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling proteins in skeletal muscle were measured. Regarding the plasma amino acid level, the RL group had the highest concentration of leucine （P 〈 0.05） and the lowest concentration of isoleucine （P 〈 0.05） among the three groups, and the CON group had a lower concentration of valine （P 〈 0.05） than the R and RL groups. Compared with the R and RE groups, the CON group diet significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, protein synthesis rate, and the phosphorylation of eukaryutic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 （4E-BP1）, and decreased the weight of abdominal adipose. Compared with the R group, the RL group significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle weight, protein synthesis rate, and phosphorylation of both ribosomal protein $6 kinase 1 （56K1） and 4E-BP1. In conclusion, when protein is chronically restricted in adult rat diets, leucine supplementation moderately improves body weight gain and increases muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation,

关键词： Low-protein diet Leucine Growth performance Muscle weight Protein synthesis Adult rats

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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in porcine trophectoderm cells

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animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 186-199页

作者： Jun Bai Jun Li Ning Liu Hai Jia Xuemeng Si Yusong Zhou Zhian Zhai Ying Yang Fazheng Ren Zhenlong Wu State Key laboratory of animal Nutrition Department of Companion Animal ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for food Nutrition and Human health China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

Zearalenone(ZEA),a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to Fusarium species in foods and feeds,causes a serious hazard to humans and *** studies have revealed that ingesting ZEA can disrupt the reproductive function and impair the reproductive process in *** experiment was to investigate the toxicological effect and the mechanism of ZEA exposure on reproduction in pigs during early stages of *** the present study,we treated with 0 to 80μmol/L ZEA for 12 or 24 h in trophoblast ectoderm(pTr)*** results showed that ZEA had significantly decreased cell proliferation(Panimals.

关键词： Zearalenone Porcine trophectoderm Apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulum stress Autophagy

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Isolation of bacteria from fermented food and grass carp intestine and their efficiencies in improving nutrient value of soybean meal in solid state fermentation

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 664-673页

作者： Samantha Medeiros Jingjing Xie Paul W.Dyce Hugh Y.Cai Kees De Lange Hongfu Zhang Julang Li Department of animal Bio Sciences University of Guelph State Key laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences animal Science Department Auburn University animal health laboratory University of Guelph College of Life Science and Engineering Foshan University

Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The objective of the current study was to screen and select for bacteria that can be efficiently adopted to ferment soybean meal in order to solve this ***: Bacteria were isolated from fermented soy foods and the grass carp intestine, and strains selected for high protease, cellulase and amylase activities. The isolated bacteria were characterized as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacilus amyloliquefacien, respectively. Fermentation with food-derived Isolate-2 and fish-derived F-9 increased crude protein content by 5.32% and 8.27%, respectively; improved the amino acid profile by increasing certain essential amino acids, broke down larger soy protein to 35 k Da and under, eliminated antigenicity against glycinin and β-conglycinin, and removed raffinose and stachyose in the soybean meal following a 24-h ***: Our results suggest these two B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria can efficiently solid state ferment soybean meal and ultimately produce a more utilizable food source for growing healthy piglets.

关键词： Allergens Fermentation food source bacteria Soybean meal

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Effect of dietary soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on growth performance, amino acid profile, blood profile, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第10期61卷 1233-1242页

作者： Dinghong Lv Xia Xiong Huansheng Yang Meiwei Wang Yijie He Yanhong Liu Yulong Yin Hunan International Joint laboratory of animal Intestinal Ecology and health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410006China Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Department of animal Science University of CaliforniaDavis 95616 USA

Weaning stress results in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressed performance in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on the growth and health of weaned piglets. Compared with those in the glutamine group, piglets in the glucose and soy oil groups had greater average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain: feed ratio from day 0 to 14, and gain: feed ratio for the overall period. There were no differences with regard to serum amino acids among the three groups on day 14, except glycine and threonine. The serum concentration of histidine, serine, threonine, proline, and cysteine was the highest in the glutamine group, while the content of glycine and lysine in the soy oil group on day 28 was the highest among all groups. Piglets fed with glutamine had greater serum glucose and creatinine on day 14, high-density lipoprotein on day 28, and serum IgG and IgM on day 28. Piglets in the glutamine group demonstrated lower serum total superoxide dismutase on day 14 and 28; however, they demonstrated higher total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the duodenum and ileum on day 14. Weaned pigs supplemented with glucose or soy oil demonstrate better growth performance possibly due to their enhanced feed intake, whereas those supplemented with glutamine may have improved immunity and intestinal oxidative capacity.

关键词： glucose glutamine soy oil

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MicroRNA regulates the toxicological mechanism of four mycotoxins in vivo and in vitro

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 923-934页

作者： Jia Chen Shuhua Yang Peng Li Aibo Wu Eugenie Nepovimova Miao Long Wenda Wu Kamil Kuca College of animal Science&Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint laboratory of Mycotoxin Research CAS Key Laboratory of NutritionMetabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove 50003Czech Republic MOE Joint International Research laboratory of animal health and food safety College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove 50003Czech Republic.

Mycotoxins can cause body poisoning and induce carcinogenesis,often with a high mortality ***,it is of great significance to seek new targets that indicate mycotoxin activity and to diagnose and intervene in mycotoxin-induced diseases in their early ***(miRNAs)are physiological regulators whose dysregulation is closely related to the development of *** are thus important markers for the occurrence and development of *** this review,consideration is given to the toxicological mechanisms associated with four major mycotoxins(ochratoxin A,aflatoxin B1,deoxynivalenol,and zearalenone).The roles that miRNAs play in these mechanisms and the interactions between them and their target genes are explained,and summarize the important role of histone modifications in their *** a result,the ways that miRNAs are regulated in the pathogenicity signaling pathways are revealed which highlights the roles played by miRNAs in preventing and controlling the harmful effects of the *** is hoped that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the damage caused by these mycotoxins.

关键词： Histone Methylation MicroRNA Mycotoxin

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Survey of Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Sulfamethazine, and Quinolones in UHT Milk in China Market

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1300-1305页

作者： HAN Rong-wei ZHENG Nan WANG Jia-qi ZHEN Yun-peng LI Song-li YU Qun-li College of food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University State Key laboratory of animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University

This study surveyed 180 samples of ultra high temperature （UHT） milk of four top Chinese dairy brands collected in the 25 cities in China in June 2011, and assessed their contamination with antibiotics, using the ELISA method. The percentages of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine, and quinolones detected in the samples were 0, 16.7, 40.6, and 100%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of the tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine and quinolones in UHT milk samples were 〈1.5, 26.2, 22.6, and 58.8 μg kg-1, respectively. None of the samples exceeded the maximum residue levels （MRLs） for these four veterinary drugs, according to the regulations set by China, the European Union （EU） and the Codex Alimentarius Commission （CAC）.

关键词： survey tetracyclines sulfonamides sulfamethazine quinolones UHT milk China market

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Molecular epidemiology, characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profile of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from dairy farms in China and Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1514-1528页

作者： Ambreen LEGHARI Shakeel Ahmed LAKHO Faiz Muhammad KHAND Khaliq ur Rehman BHUTTO Sameen Qayoom LONE Muhammad Tahir ALEEM Iqra BANO Muhammad Ali CHANDIO Jan Muhammad SHAH LIN Hui-xing FAN Hong-jie MOE Joint International Research laboratory of animal health and food safety College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and animal Sciences Sakrand 67210Pakistan Central Veterinary Diagnostic laboratory Tando Jam 70050Pakistan Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis worldwide. Identifying pathogen prevalence and virulence factors is critical for developing prevention and control approaches. Herein, 1 161 milk samples from various dairy farms in China(n=558) and Pakistan(n=603) were collected between 2019–2021 and were subjected to S. agalactiae isolation. Prevalence, serotyping, virulence genes, and antibiotic-resistant genes of S. agalactiae were evaluated by PCR assay. All isolates were characterized for haemolysis, biofilm production, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and invasion on bovine mammary epithelial cells. The prevalence of S. agalactiae-induced mastitis in cattle was found to be considerably higher in Pakistan than in China. Jiangsu and Sindh provinces had the highest area-wise prevalence in China and Pakistan, respectively. Serotypes Ia and II were prevalent in both countries, whereas serotype III was found only in Pakistan. Moreover, all isolates tested positive for PI-2b gene but negative for PI-1 and PI-2a genes. All isolates harboured cfb, cylE, hylB, and fbsB virulent genes, whereas many of them lacked bibA, rib and bca. However, the absence of bac and scp genes in Chinese isolates and cspA in Pakistani isolates was noted, while spb1 and lmb were not detected in isolates of both countries. Pakistani isolates, particularly serotype Iapositive, had a considerably higher ability to produce biofilm, haemolysis, cytotoxicity, adhesion, and invasion than Chinese isolates. Most of the isolates were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin and genotypic resistance was confirmed by the presence of ermA, ermB, tetM and tetO genes. Our study highlights the antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence-related factors contributing to the epidemiological spread of mastitis-causing S. agalactiae in China and Pakistan. The findings may facilitate future studies designed to develop improved treatment and control str

关键词： Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis epidemiology virulence characterization antibiotic resistance

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