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A comparison of handheld and standard ultrasound in Swiss medical students

World Journal of Emergency medicine 2022年第2期13卷 85-90页

作者： Mark Slader Hayley Young Margot Barker Kylie Prentice Katherine Bogaard Charlene Yuan Soheil Saadat Shadi Lahham School of medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA Department of Emergency medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine 92868USA

BACKGROUND:The use of ultrasound(US)within healthcare has inspired the development of new US *** have been few studies comparing the use of handheld US to standard US for medical *** research aims to determine whether a handheld US device can provide a comparable primary learning experience to that of a standard US ***:Over two days of instruction,participants were taught and evaluated on core US *** standard group received instruction on standard US machines,while the handheld group received instruction on handheld US *** completed a qualitative survey regarding their *** hundred and four images were obtained and graded by two emergency medicine ***:A total of 119 Swiss medical students were enrolled in our *** was no statistically significant difference in the US assessment measurements,except for faster endpoint septal separation(EPSS)vascular setup time in the handheld group(P=0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in participants’perceived difficulty of US learning(P=0.198),comfort level(P=0.188),or self-estimated capability to perform US in the future(P=0.442).There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of correctly obtained images(P=0.211)or images that were clinically useful(P=0.256).The median quality score of images obtained by the standard group was eight compared to seven in handheld group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Our data suggest a handheld US machine can perform as well as a standard US machine as an educational tool despite sacrifices in image quality.

关键词： Handheld ultrasound Ultrasound education Switzerland Medical education

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Peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for major depressive disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1541-1554页

作者： Jinmei Ye Cong Duan Jiaxin Han Jinrong Chen Ning Sun Yuan Li Tifei Yuan Daihui Peng Division of Mood Disorder Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Brain Health InstituteNational Center for Mental DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.

关键词： biomarker cytokine exosomes inflammasome major depressive disorder microglia mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial dysfunction neuroinflammation Toll-like receptor

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Visibility-Aware Direct Volume Rendering

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2011年第2期26卷 217-228页

作者：麦伟豪巫英才陈明远屈华民 Department of Computer science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer science The University of California

Direct volume rendering （DVR） is a powerful visualization technique which allows users to effectively explore and study volumetric datasets. Different transparency settings can be flexibly assigned to different structures such that some valuable information can be revealed in direct volume rendered images （DVRIs）. However, end-users often feel that some risks are always associated with DVR because they do not know whether any important information is missing from the transparent regions of DVRIs. In this paper, we investigate how to semi-automatically generate a set of DVRIs and also an animation which can reveal information missed in the original DVRIs and meanwhile satisfy some image quality criteria such as coherence. A complete framework is developed to tackle various problems related to the generation and quality evaluation of visibility-aware DVRIs and animations. Our technique can reduce the risk of using direct volume rendering and thus boost the confidence of users in volume rendering systems.

关键词： visualization systems and software volume visualization

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miRNA-21-5p is an important contributor to the promotion of injured peripheral nerve regeneration using hypoxia-pretreated bone marrow-derived neural crest cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 277-290页

作者： Meng Cong Jing-Jing Hu Yan Yu Xiao-Li Li Xiao-Ting Sun Li-Ting Wang Xia Wu Ling-Jie Zhu Xiao-Jia Yang Qian-Ru He Fei Ding Hai-Yan Shi School of medicine Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Coinnovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Physiology Jiangsu Health Vocational CollegeNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Clinical medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Our previous study found that rat bone marrow–derived neural crest cells(acting as Schwann cell progenitors)have the potential to promote long-distance nerve ***-based therapy can enhance peripheral nerve repair and regeneration through paracrine bioactive factors and intercellular ***,the complex contributions of various types of soluble cytokines and extracellular vesicle cargos to the secretome remain *** investigate the role of the secretome and extracellular vesicles in repairing damaged peripheral nerves,we collected conditioned culture medium from hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cells,and found that it significantly promoted the repair of sensory neurons damaged by oxygen-glucose *** mRNA expression of trophic factors was highly expressed in hypoxia-pretreated neural crest *** performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and found that miR-21-5p was enriched in hypoxia-pretreated extracellular vesicles of neural crest ***,to further clarify the role of hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles rich in miR-21-5p in axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,we used a microfluidic axonal dissociation model of sensory neurons in vitro,and found that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell extracellular vesicles promoted axonal growth and regeneration of sensory neurons,which was greatly dependent on loaded ***,we constructed a miR-21-5p-loaded neural conduit to repair the sciatic nerve defect in rats and found that the motor and sensory functions of injured rat hind limb,as well as muscle tissue morphology of the hind limbs,were obviously *** findings suggest that hypoxia-pretreated neural crest extracellular vesicles are natural nanoparticles rich in ***-21-5p is one of the main contributors to promoting nerve regeneration by the neural crest cell *** helps to explain the mechanism of action of the secretome and e

关键词： axotomy cell-free therapy conditioned medium extracellular vesicles hypoxic preconditioning microRNA oxygen-glucose deprivation peripheral nerve injury Schwann cell precursors

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温敏水凝胶抑制VEGFA依赖的新生血管形成治疗动脉粥样硬化（英文）

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science China Materials 2025年第1期 280-291页

作者：段诣林江涛岳江李媛媛廖静涵孙颖汪权段友容李朝军 State Key Laboratory of Systems medicine for Cancer Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Ultrasound Shanghai General Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University

动脉粥样硬化仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因,斑块内新生血管形成显著促进了动脉粥样硬化的进展和不稳定性.血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA)通过诱导内皮细胞增殖和迁移,刺激斑块中异常微血管的生长.色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)能够高效抑制...

动脉粥样硬化仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因,斑块内新生血管形成显著促进了动脉粥样硬化的进展和不稳定性.血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA)通过诱导内皮细胞增殖和迁移,刺激斑块中异常微血管的生长.色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)能够高效抑制VEGFA依赖的新生血管形成.本研究介绍了一种由泊洛沙姆407(F127)和海藻酸钠(SA)制备的温敏水凝胶(PFSgel),将PEDF局部递送至动脉粥样硬化斑块周围. PFSgel在体温(37°C)下表现出优异的液固转变,随后在SA与生理环境中的Ca2+凝胶化后形成稳定的三维网络结构,实现控制释放的效果.流变学分析证实其相变温度为28.7°C,并具有显著的自愈特性.体外实验显示, PFSgel可通过调节CD31和MMP-2/MMP-9信号通路,抑制VEGFA诱导的内皮细胞增殖和迁移.体内降解测试验证了PFSgel的控制释放性能.在Apoe缺陷的动脉粥样硬化小鼠中,超声引导的PFSgel注射到腹主动脉周围,可逐步在原位释放包封的PEDF,有效减少了斑块负担、新生血管形成和腔狭窄.总之,这一原位注射的PFSgel凝胶通过CD31和MMP-2/MMP-9通路,有效抑制病理性新生血管形成,通过干预VEGFA依赖的新生血管形成来稳定动脉粥样硬化中的高风险斑块.

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Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex participate in the comorbidity of pain and emotion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2838-2854页

作者： Lu Guan Mengting Qiu Na Li Zhengxiang Zhou Ru Ye Liyan Zhong Yashuang Xu Junhui Ren Yi Liang Xiaomei Shao Jianqiao Fang Junfan Fang Junying Du Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Fuchun Community Health Service Center of Fuyang District HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and *** of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid *** review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain *** understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these ***,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain *** is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or *** exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.

关键词： anterior cingulate cortex anxiety chronic pain circuit communication comorbidity depression gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons parvalbumin neurons synaptic transmission

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Some Algorithmic Challenges in Genome-Wide Ortholog Assignment

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2010年第1期25卷 42-52页

作者：姜涛 Department of Computer science and Engineering University of California School of Information science and Technology Tsinghua University

Genome-scale assignment of orthologous genes is a fundamental and challenging problem in computational biology and has a wide range of applications in comparative genomics, functional genomics, and systems biology. Many methods based on sequence similarity, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal syntenic information, and genome rearrangement have been proposed in recent years for ortholog assignment. Although these methods produce results that largely agree with each other, their results may still contain significant differences. In this article, we consider the recently proposed parsimony approach for assigning orthologs between closely related genomes based on genome rearrangement, which essentially attempts to transform one genome into another by the smallest number of genome rearrangement events including reversal, translocation, fusion, and fission, as well as gene duplication events. We will highlight some of the challenging algorithmic problems that arise in the approach including （i） minimum common substring partition, （ii） signed reversal distance with duplicates, and （iii） signed transposition distance with duplicates. The most recent progress towards the solution of these problems will be reviewed and some open questions will he posed. We will also discuss some possible extensions of the approach to the simultaneous comparison of multiple genomes.

关键词： algorithm comparative genomics computational biology genome rearrangement ortholog assignment

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Complementary doping of van der Waals materials through controlled intercalation for monolithically integrated electronics

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1369-1375页

作者： Ming Ke Huu Duy Nguyen Hang Fan Man Li Huan Wu Yongjie Hu School of Engineering and Applied science University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

Doping control has been a key challenge for electronic applications of van der Waals ***,we demonstrate complementary doping of black phosphorus using controlled ionic intercalation to achieve monolithic building *** characterize the anisotropic electrical transport as a function of ion concentrations and report a widely tunable resistivity up to three orders of magnitude with characteristic concentration dependence corresponding to phase transitions during *** a further step,we develop both p-type and n-type field effect transistors as well as electrical diodes with high device stability and *** addition,enhanced charge mobility from 380 to 820 cm^2/(V·s)with the intercalation process is observed and explained as the suppressed neutral impurity scattering based on our ab initio *** study provides a unique approach to atomically control the electrical properties of van der Waals materials,and may open up new opportunities in developing advanced electronics and physics platforms.

关键词： nanoelectronics two-dimensional(2D)materials and heterostructures FET diode tunable properties black phosphorus

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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong university NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2017年第3期8卷 177-183页

作者： Allen R.Yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.Yu Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Jonathan B.Lee Michael J. Louthan Esther C.Kim Katrina Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari J.Christian Fox School of medicine University of California Department of Emergency medicine University of California

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was ***: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular ***: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall ***: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

关键词： Carotid artery thickness Point of care ultrasound Indonesia Intimal thickness

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