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Whistleblowing and tax evasion:Experimental evidence

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 316-333页

作者： Michele Bernasconi Luca Corazzini Tiziana Medda department of Economics Ca’Foscari University of VeniceVeniceItaly Centre for Experimental Research in management and Economics(CERME) Ca’Foscari University of VeniceVeniceItaly

In a tax compliance experiment we manipulate various dimensions to isolate the effects of whistleblowing:whether incomes are homogeneous or heterogeneous;whether whistleblowing is permitted or not;and whether subjects have complete or incomplete information about others’tax *** complete information,we find that whistleblowing has a strong impact on compliance,reducing the proportion of concealed income and increasing the precision of the auditing ***,the probability of being whistled increases with evasion and rich subjects react to whistleblowing more than poor subjects *** incomplete information reduces the deterrent effect of whistleblowing,but not among the richest taxpayers.

关键词： Tax compliance behavioural economics laboratory experiment

Source apportionment of PAHs and n-alkanes bound to PM1 collected near the Venice highway

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 77-89页

作者： Gabrio Valotto Giancarlo Rampazzo Francesco Gonella Gianni Formenton Silvia Ficotto Giorgia Giraldo department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics Uniuersita Ca Foscari Venezia 1-30123 Venezia Italy department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Uniuersita Ca Foscari Venezia 1-30123 Venezia Italy Dipartimento Provinciale di Venezia Agenzia Regionale per la Preuenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto 1-30174 Mestre Italy

n-Alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） bound to atmospheric particulate matter（PM1） were investigated in a traffic site located in an urban area of Venice Province（Eastern Po Valley, Italy） during the cold season. Considering the critical situation affecting the Veneto Region concerning the atmospheric pollution and the general lack of information on PM1 composition and emission in this area, this experimental study aims at determining the source profile, their relative contributions and the dispersion of finer particles. Four sources were identified and quantified using the Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model：（1） mixed combustions related to the residential activities,（2）agricultural biomass burning in addition to the resuspension of anthropogenic and natural debris carried by the wind,（3）gasoline and （4）diesel traffic-related combustions. The role of local atmospheric circulation was also investigated to identify the pollutant sources.

关键词： PM1 PAHs n-Alkanes Diesel Gasoline Biomass burning

The resilience of pollination interactions: importance of temporal phases

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 157-162页

作者： Edy Fantinato Silvia Del Vecchio carlo Gaetan Gabriella Buffa department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsCa’Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172 VeniceItaly

Aims The loss of species that engage in close ecological interactions,such as pollination,has been shown to lead to secondary extinctions,ultimately threatening the overall ecosystem stability and *** studies are currently flourishing at all possible levels of interaction organization(i.e.,species,guild,group and network),and different methodological protocols aimed to define the resil-ience of pollination interactions have been ***,the temporal dimension of the resilience of pollination interactions has been often *** the light of these considerations,we addressed the following questions:does a temporal approach help to reveal critical moments during the flowering season,when polli-nation interactions are less resilient to perturbations?Do pollination interactions evaluated at species,guild,group and network level show different patterns when assessed through time?Methods We monitored contacts between plant and pollinator species in dry grassland communities every 15 days during the overall community flowering season(12 surveys).For each survey,we built a quantita-tive plant-pollinator interaction matrix and we calculated two sets of metrics characterizing,respectively,the diversity and the distribution of interactions across hierarchical *** describe the diversity of interactions,we calculated partner diversity(PD)at the species level,vulnerability/generality(V/G)at the guild level,and interaction diver-sity and evenness at the network *** distribution of interactions was characterized by calculating selectiveness at the species and the network level,and modularity at the group *** assessed the temporal variation of PD,V/G at the level of plants and pollinators,and species selectiveness,by means of Linear Mixed Models(LMMs).To investigate the temporal variation of indexes calculated at group and network level,we applied simple linear and quadratic regres-sions after checking for temporal autocorrelation

关键词： asymmetry complementarity ecosystems’resilience redundancy species-rich ecosystems

Non-conventional sorption materials for the removal of legacy and emerging PFAS from water:A review

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 1-31页

作者： Francesco calore Elena Badetti Alessandro Bonetto Anna Pozzobon Antonio Marcomini department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsUniversity Ca’Foscari of VeniceVia Torino 155Venezia-Mestre30172Italy

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are a class of ubiquitous,persistent,and hazardous pollutants that raise concerns for human health and the ***,PFAS removal from water relies on adsorption techniques using conventional sorption materials like activated carbons(ACs)and ion exchange resins(IERs).However,there is a continuous search for more efficient and performing adsorbent materials to better address the wide range of chemical structures of PFAS in the environment,to increase their selectivity,and to achieve an overall high adsorption capacity and faster uptake *** this context,results from the application of non-conventional sorption materials(i.e.,readily available biological-based materials like proteins and advanced materials like nanocomposites and cyclodextrins)are reported and discussed in consideration of the following criteria:i)removal efficiency and kinetics of legacy PFAS(e.g.,PFOA,PFBA)as well as newly-introduced and emerging PFAS(e.g.,GenX),ii)representativity of environmental conditions in the experimental setup(e.g.,use of environmentally relevant experimental concentrations),iii)regenerability,reusability and applicability of the materials,and iv)role of the material modifications on PFAS *** this review,it emerged that organic frameworks,nano(ligno)cellulosic-based materials,and layered double hydroxides are among the most promising materials herein investigated for PFAS adsorption,and it was also observed that the presence of fluorine-and amine-moieties in the material structure improve both the selectivity and PFAS ***,the lack of data on their applicability in real environments and the costs involved means that this research is still in its infancy and need further investigation.

关键词： Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS) adsorption Ion-exchange activated carbon Short-chain GenX

Advances in two-dimensional molybdenum ditelluride(MoTe2):A comprehensive review of properties,preparation methods,and applications

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SusMat 2024年第5期4卷 31-69页

作者： Pratik V.Shinde Muzammil Hussain Elisa Moretti Alberto Vomiero department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’Foscari University of VeniceVeneziaItaly department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaPadovaItaly department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Lulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden

In the past decade,molybdenum ditelluride(MoTe2)has received significant attention from the scientific community due to its structural features and unique properties originate from *** the current review,the properties,various preparation approaches,and versatile applications of MoTe2 are *** review provides a brief update on the state of our fundamental understanding of MoTe2 material and also discusses the issues that need to be *** introduce MoTe2,we briefly summarize its structural,optoelectronic,magnetic,and mechanical properties in the ***,different preparation meth-ods of MoTe2,such as exfoliation,laser treatment,deposition,hydrothermal,microwave,and molecular beam epitaxy,are *** excellent electri-cal conductivity,strong optical activity,tunable bandgap,high sensitivity,and impressive stability make it an ideal contender for different applications,includ-ing energy storage,catalysis,sensors,solar cells,photodetectors,and *** performance of MoTe2 in these applications is systematically introduced along with mechanistic *** the end of the article,the challenges and possible future directions are highlighted to further modify MoTe2 material for the numerous ***,the availability of different phases and layer structures implies a potential for MoTe2 to lead an era of two-dimensional materials that began from the exfoliation of graphene.

关键词： 2D materials MoTe2 (opto)electronic devices phase structure and bandgap tuning

Competitive Communication Spectrum Economy and Equilibrium

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2014年第1期2卷 1-16页

作者： Yinyu Ye department of management Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Consider a competitive“spectrum economy”in a communication system where multiple users share a common frequency band and each of them,equipped with an endowed“monetary”budget,will“purchase”its own transmit power spectrum(taking others as given)in maximizing its Shannon utility or pay-off function that includes the effects of interference and subjects to its budget constraint.A market equilibrium is a price spectrum and a frequency power allocation that independently and simultaneously maximizes each user’s ***,under an equilibrium the market clears,meaning that the total power demand equals the power supply for every user and every *** prove that such an equilibrium always exists for a discretized version of the problem,and,under a weak-interference condition or the Frequency Division Multiple Access(FMDA)policy,the equilibrium can be computed in polynomial *** model may lead to an efficient decentralized method for spectrum allocation management and optimization in achieving both higher social utilization and better individual ***,we consider a trading market among individual users to exchange their endowed power spectrum under a price mechanism,and we show that the market price equilibrium also exists and it may lead to a more socially desired spectrum allocation.

关键词： Spectrum management Competitive economy equilibrium Convex optimization Complementarity

Optimal restructuring strategies under various dynamic factors

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第6期8卷 932-938页

作者： MENG Qing-xuan department of management Science and Engineering Stanford University CA 94305 USA College ofEconomtcs Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Corporate restructuring was identified as a new industrial force that has great impact on economic values and that therefore has become central in daily financial decision making. This article investigates the optimal restructuring strategies under different dynamic factors and their numerous impacts on firm value. The concept of quasi-leverage is introduced and valuation models are built for corporate debt and equity under imperfect market conditions. The model’s input variables include the quasi-leverage and other firm-specific parameters, the output variables include multiple corporate security values. The restruc- turing cost is formulated in the form of exponential function, which allows us to observe the sensitivity of the variation in security values. The unified model and its analytical solution developed in this research allow us to examine the continuous changes of security values by dynamically changing the coupon rates, riskless interest rate, bankruptcy cost, quasi-leverage, personal tax rate, corporate taxes rate, transaction cost, firm risk, etc., so that the solutions provide useful guidance for financing and restructuring decisions.

关键词： Restructuring capital structure Financial decisions

Groundwater management in Urban-coastal Aquifers of Developing Countries:Geochemical Based Study of the Region of Dakar(Senegal)

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 8-9页

作者： Viviana Re Elisa Sacchi Seynabou Cissé-Faye Giovanni Maria Zuppi department of Environmental Sciences University Ca' Foscari of Venice department of Earth Sciences University of Pavia department of Geology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar CNR-Institution of Environmental Geology and Geoingeneering

The rapid increase of urban population in coastal areas of developing countries is nowadays a widespread phenomenon that has several environmental, economical and social *** migration, spread of informal suburban sett... 详细信息

关键词： groundwater coastal aquifers isotopes water management Senegal

Structural sensitivity in HIV modeling: A case study of vaccination

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第4期2卷 399-411页

作者： Cora L.Bernard Margaret L.Brandeau department of management Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA

Structural assumptions in infectious disease models,such as the choice of network or compartmental model type or the inclusion of different types of heterogeneity across individuals,might affect model predictions as much as or more than the choice of input *** explore the potential implications of structural assumptions on HIV model predictions and policy *** illustrate the value of inference robustness assessment through a case study of the effects of a hypothetical HIV vaccine in multiple population subgroups over eight related transmission models,which we sequentially modify to vary over two dimensions:parameter complexity(e.g.,the inclusion of age and HCV comorbidity)and contact/simulation complexity(e.g.,aggregated compartmental ***/disaggregated compartmental *** models).We find that estimates of HIV incidence reductions from network models and individual compartmental models vary,but those differences are overwhelmed by the differences in HIV incidence between such models and the aggregated compartmental models(which aggregate groups of individuals into compartments).Complexities such as age structure appear to buffer the effects of aggregation and increase the threshold of net vaccine effectiveness at which aggregated models begin to overestimate *** differences introduced by parameter complexity in estimated incidence reduction also translate into substantial differences in cost-effectiveness *** complexity does not appear to play a consistent role in differentiating the projections of network models.

关键词： HIV transmission HIV vaccine Structural sensitivity analysis Inference robustness assessment Network model Dynamic compartmental model