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Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： David M.Deery Greg J.Rebetzke Jose A.Jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David J.Smith Kathryn M.Bechaz William D.Bovill csiro Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia csiro Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement *** study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to *** correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(P<0:05)to 0.86(P<0:0001),providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for *** repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water *** correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between ***,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited *** our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was *** findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

Opportunities to use secondary plant compounds to manage diet selection and gut health of grazing herbivores

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Opportunities to use secondary plant compounds to manage die...

3D printing interface-modified PDMS/MXene nanocomposites for stretchable conductors

ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： D.K.Revell A.Kotze D.T.Thomas csiro livestock industries Private Bag 5 Wembley WA 6913Australia

＜正＞Key points: *** herbivores and plants have co-evolved such that plant chemistry and animal metabolism are intimately linked. *** conventionally-measured traits of plant nutritive value provide invaluable information to help predict animal performance,there are many situations where knowledge of secondary plant compounds can provide insights into the interactions between plants and herbivores.

关键词： Secondary plant compounds diet selection gut health

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第22期117卷 174-182页

作者： Mathias Aakyiir Brayden Tanner Pei Lay Yap Hadi Rastin Tran Thanh Tung Dusan Losic Qingshi Meng Jun Ma UniSA STEM and Future industries Institute University of South AustraliaSouth Australia 5095Australia ARC Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(csiro)Manufacturing ClaytonVictoria 3168Australia College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110136China

Additive manufacturing has rapidly evolved over recent years with the advent of polymer inks and those inks containing novel *** compatibility of polymer inks with nanomaterial inks remains a great *** yet effective methods for interface improvement are highly sought-after to significantly enhance the functional and mechanical properties of printed polymer *** this study,we developed and modified a Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene ink with a siloxane surfactant to provide compatibility with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)*** rheology of all the inks was investigated with parameters such as complex modulus and viscosity,confirming a self-supporting ink behaviour,whilst Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy exposed the inks’reaction *** modified MXene nanosheets have displayed strong interactions with PDMS over a wide strain *** electrical conductivity of 6.14×10^(−2) S cm^(−1) was recorded for a stretchable nanocomposite conductor containing the modified MXene *** nanocomposite revealed a nearly linear stress-strain relationship and a maximum stress of 0.25 *** 5%strain,the relative resistance change remained below 35%for up to 100 cycles,suggesting high flexibility,conductivity and mechanical *** study creates a pathway for 3D printing conductive polymer/nanomaterial inks for multifunctional applications such as stretchable electronics and sensors.

关键词： 3D printing MXene Nanocomposites Stretchable conductors

Identification of Immunogenic Determinants of the Spike Protein of SARS-like Coronavirus

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Virologica Sinica 2013年第2期28卷 92-96页

作者： Peng Zhou Zhenggang Han Lin-Fa Wang Zhengli Shi Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) csiro livestock industries Australian Animal Health Laboratory Institut fur Biochemie Universitat Zu Lubeck Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

Bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a genome organization almost identical to that of SARS-CoV, but the N-terminus of the Spike (S) proteins, which interacts with host receptor and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies against CoVs, of the two viruses has only 63-64% sequence identity. Although there have been reports studying the overall immunogenicity of SSL , knowledge on the precise location of immunodominant determinants for SSL is still lacking. In this study, using a series of truncated expressed SSL fragments and SSL specific mouse sera, we identified two immunogenic determinants for SSL . Importantly, one of the two regions seems to be located in a region not shared by known immunogenic determinants of the SSARS . This finding will be of potential use in future monitoring of SL-CoV infection in bats and spillover animals and in development of more effective vaccine to cover broad protection against this new group of coronaviruses.

关键词：冠状病毒免疫原性刺突蛋白 SARS-CoV 鉴定 SSL 中和抗体 N-末端

Assessing mixing characteristics of particle-mixing and granulation devices

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 419-444页

作者： Paul W. Cleary Matthew D. Sinnott csiro Mathematical and Information Sciences

The mixing of particulates such as powders is an important process in many industries including pharmaceuticals, plastics, household products （such as detergents） and food processing. The quality of products depends on the degree of mixing of their constituent materials which in turn depends on both geometric design and operating conditions. Unfortunately, due to lack of understanding of the interaction between mixer geometry and the granular material, limited progress has been made in optimizing mixer design. The discrete element method （DEM） is a computational technique that allows particle systems to be simulated and mixing to be predicted. Simulation is an effective way of acquiring information on the performance of different mixers that is difficult and/or expensive to obtain using traditional experimental approaches. Here we demonstrate how DEM can be used to unravel flow dynamics and assess mixing in several different types of devices. These devices used for mixing and/or granulation of particulates, are classified broadly as gravity controlled, bladed and high shear. We also explore the role of particle shape in mixing performance and use DEM to test whether Froude number scaling is suitable for predicting scale performance of rotating mixers.

关键词： Discrete element modelling Mixing Mixers Blenders Granulation Scale up Particle shape

Bats and Viruses:a Brief Review

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第2期24卷 93-99页

作者： Lin-Fa Wang csiro livestock industries Australian Animal Health Laboratory and Australian Biosecurity CooperativeResearch Centre Geelong Australia

Bats,probably the most abundant,diverse and geographically dispersed vertebrates on earth,have recently been shown to be the reservoir hosts of a number of emerging viruses responsible for severe human and livestock disease outbreaks. Flying foxes have been demonstrated to be the natural reservoir for Hendra and Nipah viruses. Evidence supporting the possibility of bats as potential reservoirs for SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV) and Ebola virus has also been reported. The recent discovery of these viruses and other viruses occurring naturally in the bat population provides a unique insight into a diverse pool of potentially emergent and pathogenic viruses. The factors which influence the ability of zoonotic viruses to effectively cross the species barrier from bats to other animal populations are poorly understood. A brief review is provided here on the recently emerged bat viruses and on current and future strategies for research in this area.

关键词：尼帕病毒蝙蝠 SARS冠状病毒 SARS病毒动物种群埃博拉病毒脊椎动物牲畜疾病

Contamination of the food chain with pathogens derived from ruminant production systems

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Contamination of the food chain with pathogens derived from ...

Effect of Calcium Source in Supplemental Diets on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会

作者： B.A.Vanselow C.S.McSweeney NSW Department of Primary industries Beef Industry CentreArmidaleNSW 2351Australia and csiro livestock industries Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt.LuciaQld 4067Australia NSW Department of Primary industries Beef Industry CentreArmidaleNSW 2351Australia and csiro livestock industries Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt.LuciaQld 4067Australia

＜正＞Food safety is a global issue for the livestock *** in both the export and domestic markets are increasingly demanding safe *** safety breaches have major economic impacts due to exclusion of product from export markets and an erosion of consumer *** public concern about food safety mounts,industries involved in the food supply chain will increasingly need to establish that they have addressed potential food safety risks/hazards in producing the product they *** and fresh food industries are adopting Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point（HACCP）systems off-farm and increasingly HACCP systems will be applied *** food-borne pathogens（diseases）of major concern for humans arising from herbivorous livestock are Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp.,Listeria monocytogenes,Salmonella spp.,Mycobacterium avium complex and bovine spongiform *** on microbial pathogens needs to focus on the epidemiology of these zoonoses which encompasses ecology of the microorganisms concerned,livestock management practices which lead to the proliferation of the pathogens,ecology of virulence factors（including antibiotic resistance）,and risk ***,proteomics and new diagnostics for pathogens will underpin research into intervention strategies for the future.

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 537-545页

作者： Aziwo Tatanja Niba Ongum Simon Unji Ngwarh Perpetua Tuncha Helvecia Takwe Department of Animal Production Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Ministry of livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries North West Regional Delegation Bamenda Cameroon Helvy Farms Upskill Research Bamenda Cameroon

To contribute to the diversification of protein sources, the conservation and preservation of the Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata), a study was carried out between March and July 2019 at the Helvy Farms-WVED Cameroon located at Station Bamenda to investigate the effect of three calcium sources on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. 180 juvenile snails aged 4 months initially weighing between 24.2 and 28.5 g, shell length ranging between 40.25 - 48.35 mm, and shell diameter of between 14.08 - 18.44 mm were randomly allotted to 3 treatments containing each a different calcium source (crushed snail shell, eggshell and agricultural limestone) and a control treatment constituted of natural plant feeding materials of the snail. There were 45 snails per treatment, constituted of three replicates with 15 snails per replicate. Each replicate was housed in well-constructed surface trench pens equipped with drinking and feeding troughs. The basal diet made up of feedstuffs like pawpaw leaves and watermelons was provided ad libitum. The initial weights of the snails were recorded at the start of the experiment followed by weekly weight measurements, while the snail length and width were measured with a digital caliper of 0.05 mm accuracy. The snails were monitored for a period of 21 weeks and data was collected for 20 weeks after a 1 week adaptation period. The results showed that the weight gain (g) of snails for diets containing calcium sources in the supplemental diets were all significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding values recorded for the control diet with natural plant material. It was observed that the shell length (0.34 ± 0.02), shell width (0.16 ± 0.02), weight gain (13.13 ± 0.03) and feed conversion efficiency (1.977 ± 0.11) were highest in snails fed snail shell diet as calcium source compared with snails from other treatments. These values were however not significantly higher than corresponding values for the other

关键词： Archachatina marginata Shell Length Shell Width Growth Performance Carcass Characteristics

The current status of nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency and future research directions for the Australian cotton industry

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Journal of Cotton Research 2018年第3期1卷 41-50页

作者： MACDONALD Ben C.T. LATIMER James O. SCHWENKE Graeme D. NACHIMUTHU Gunasekhar BAIRD Jonathan C. csiro Agriculture and Food The Fenner School of Environment and Society the Australian National University NSW Department of Primary industries Tamworth Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary industries Australian Cotton Research Institute

Fifty years of sustained investment in research and development has left the Australian cotton industry well placed to manage nitrogen（N） fertiliser. The average production in the Australian cotton industry today is greater than two tonnes of lint per hectare due to improved plant genetics and crop management. However, this average yield is well below the yield that would be expected from the amount of N fertiliser used. It is clear from the recent studies that across all growing regions, conversion of fertiliser N into lint is not uniformly occurring at application rates greater than 200-240 kg·hm;of N. This indicates that factors other than N availability are limiting yield, and that the observed nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency（NFUE） values may be caused by subsoil constraints such as sodicity and compaction. There is a need to investigate the impact of subsoil constraints on yield and *** in NFUE will be made through improved N fertiliser application timing, better targeting the amount of fertiliser applied for the expected yield, and improved soil N management. There is also a need to improve the ability and confidence of growers to estimate the contribution of soil N mineralisation to the crop N budget. Many Australian studies including data that could theoretically be collated in a meta-analysis suggest relative NFUE values as a function of irrigation technique; however, with the extensive list of uncontrolled variables and few studies using non-furrow irrigation, this would be a poor substitute for a single field-based study directly measuring their efficacies. In irrigated cotton, a re-examination of optimal NFUE is due because of the availability of new varieties and the potential management and long-term soil resilience implications of the continued removal of mineralised soil N suggested by high NFUE values. NFUE critical limits still need to be derived for dryland systems.

关键词： Nitrogen fertiliser Nitrogen use efficiency Dryland Irrigated