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Fifty Years of water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： John C. Radcliffe Declan Page Bruce Naumann Peter Dillon csiro land and water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia City of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive policies and guidelines for the management of its water. The City of Salisbury, located within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. water sensitive urban design principles were adopted to maximise the use of the increased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer recharge was introduced for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and recovery （ASR） in a brackish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a municipal government has progressively adopted principles of water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water policies. Salisbury＇s success with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that includes linking projects from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied research projects addressing well configuration, water quality, reliability and economics and facilitated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water source. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater contained contaminants, subsurface storage and end-use controls were sufficient to make recovered water sale for public open space irrigation, and with chlorination acceptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality could be achieved by adding microfiltration, disinfection with UV and chlorination. The costs that would need to be expended to achieve drinking water safety standards were found to be considerably less than the cost of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full cost of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc open space lrngatlon much cheaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. Producing and storing potable water was found to cost AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Stormwater harvesting water recycling drinking water Low impact development water sensitive urban design

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DEM prediction of industrial and geophysical particle flows

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 106-118页

作者： Paul W. Cleary csiro Mathematical and Information Sciences Private Bag 33 Clayton South 3169 Australia

Simulation of industrial particle flows using DEM （Discrete Element Method） offers the opportunity for better understanding of the flow dynamics by the inclusion of particle scale physics that often determine the nature of these flows. Increased understanding from the models can lead to improvements in equip- ment design and operation, potentially leading to large increases in equipment and process efficiency, throughput and]or product quality. Industrial applications are typically large and involve complex par- ticulate behaviour in complex geometries. This paper explores the critical influence of particle shape on granular system behaviour and then discusses examples of DEM applied to several large industrial problems. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： DEMGranular flowlandslideMillScreenMixing

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The use of animal sensor data for predicting sheep metabolisable energy intake using machine learning

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第4期8卷 494-504页

作者： Hari Suparwito Dean T.Thomas Kok Wai Wong Hong Xie Shri Rai Murdoch University MurdochWA 6150Australia csiro Agriculture and Food Private Bag 5WembleyWA 6913Australia

The use of sensors for monitoring livestock has opened up new possibilities for the management of livestock in extensive grazing *** work presented in this paper aimed to develop a model for predicting the metabolisable energy intake(MEI)of sheep by using temperature,pitch angle,roll angle,distance,speed,and grazing time data obtained directly from wearable sensors on the sheep.A Deep Belief Network(DBN)algorithm was used to predict MEI,which to our knowledge,has not been attempted *** results demonstrated that the DBN method could predict the MEI for sheep using sensor data *** mean square error(MSE)values of 4.46 and 20.65 have been achieved using the DBN model for training and testing datasets,*** also evaluated the influential sensor data variables,i.e.,distance and pitch angle,for predicting the *** study demonstrates that the application of machine learning techniques directly to on-animal sensor data presents a substantial opportunity to interpret biological interactions in grazing systems directly from sensor *** expect that further development and refinement of this technology will catalyse a step-change in extensive livestock management,as wearable sensors become widely used by livestock producers.

关键词： Energy intake Livestock behaviour Machine learning Predictions Sensor data

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ANUDEM—专业化数字高程模型插值算法及其特点

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干旱地区农业研究 2006年第3期24卷 36-41页

作者：杨勤科 Tim R.Mcvicar 李领涛 Tom G.Van Niel 张彩霞中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 csiro land and water GPO Box 1666Canberra2601ACTAustralia csiro land and water private bag no.5 Wembley6913WA

基于已有地形图的数字化方式,通过内插方法建立数字高程模型,是迄今为止最为成熟和简单易行的DEM建立方法。ANUDEM是利用等高线、高程点和河流等数据插值建立DEM的专业化软件。该软件的基本算法由插值、数据平滑、地形强化等组成。软件... 详细信息

基于已有地形图的数字化方式,通过内插方法建立数字高程模型,是迄今为止最为成熟和简单易行的DEM建立方法。ANUDEM是利用等高线、高程点和河流等数据插值建立DEM的专业化软件。该软件的基本算法由插值、数据平滑、地形强化等组成。软件具有自动诊断数据错误,客观地确定适应于插值基础数据精度的分辨率等特点,用其建立的DEM能正确反映地面水文地貌特征。初步应用研究表明,ANUDEM可应用于黄土高原并建立水文地貌关系正确的DEM,其质量较现有基于TIN方法建立的DEM有明显提高,能更好地描述地面的起伏和水文地貌关系。

关键词： ANUDEM DEM 插值算法地形强化算法

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Distribution and dynamics of niche and interspecific association of dominant phytoplankton species in the Feiyun River basin,Zhejiang,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1157-1172页

作者： Shengnan ZHU Zengchuan DONG Guobin FU Shujun WU Jinyu MENG Weilin LIU Yupeng LIU Xun CUI Yuejiao ZHOU College of Hydrology and water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China csiro Environment Private Bag 5Wembley WA 6913Australia Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Indian River Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaFort Pierce 34945USA Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and water Environment Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099China

To investigate the dominant species and interspecific association in the phytoplankton community of the Feiyun River basin in Zhejiang Province,East China,the main stream and the Shanxi Zhaoshandu Reservoir in the downstream were chosen as the study area,for which 22 sampling sites were *** was conducted in September 2021,January,May,and July *** species were identified from both quantitative samples and in-vivo *** was quantified by direct *** show that there were 98 species belonging to 6 phyla and 78 *** addition,to clarify the niches of the dominant phytoplankton species and their interspecific association,the dominance index was calculated,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted including niche width,niche overlap value,ecological response rate,overall association,chi-square test,and the *** phytoplankton community exhibited characteristics of a Cyanobacteria-Chlorophyta-Diatom type community,showing higher diversity in spring and lower diversity in *** 11 dominants phytoplankton species from 3 phyla,both frequency and dominance degree varied seasonally,of which Microcystis *** the dominant species in Spring,Autumn,and *** niche widths of the dominant species ranged from 0.234 to 0.933,and were categorized into three *** niche overlap values of the 11 dominant species ranged from 0.359 to 0.959,exhibiting significant seasonal differences-highest in winter followed by autumn,spring,and summer in *** overall correlation among dominant species in all four seasons revealed a non-significant negative association,resulting in an unstable community structure.A significant portion(84.2%)of species pairs displayed positive associations,suggesting a successional pattern where Diatoms dominated while other dominant species shared resources and *** this pattern,stability measurements indicated that the dominant species community remained unstable.T

关键词： phytoplankton dominant species niche interspecific association Feiyun River basin

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Underlying solvent-based factors that influence permanent porosity in porous liquids

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3533-3538页

作者： Hamidreza Mahdavi Huacheng Zhang Lauren K.Macreadie Cara M.Doherty Durga Acharya Stefan J.DSmith Xavier Mulet Matthew R.Hill Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia csiro Manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia School of Chemistry University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

Porous liquids(PLs)offer the potential to combine the ready handling and mature industry status of liquid absorbents,with the high permanent porosity of metal organic *** be functional,these nanocomposites need to satisfy a number of performance parameters,such as stability and viscosity of the porogen-solvent combination,avoiding solvent penetration into metal organic framework(MOF)pores,suitable capacities,and kinetics for gas *** this work,we systematically investigate the component materials to elucidate the parametric space where stable photoluminescence(PL)can be *** this situation,deeper conclusions were able to be drawn with regard to the influence of hydrophobicity/philicity on the properties of the resulting *** imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)were combined with a range of solvents varying in steric bulk,to deliver CO_(2)sorption capacities as high as 4.2 mmol·g^(-1)at 10 *** findings may have broader implications for future investigations of this tantalising field of nanocomposites.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate frameworks porous liquids permanent porosity gas sorption

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Ammonia volatilization losses and ^(15)N balance from urea applied to rice on a paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 299-303页

作者： FAN Xiao-hui SONG Yong-sheng LIN De-xi YANG Lin-zhang LUO Jia-fa Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China land and Environmental Management Group AgRsearch Ruakura Research Centre East Street Private Bag 3123 Hamilton New Zealand

Ammonia volatilization loss and ^15N balance were studied in a rice field at three different stages after urea application in Taihu Lake area with a micrometeorological technique. Factors such as climate and the NH4^＋-N concentration in the field floodwater affecting ammonia loss were also investigated. Results show that the ammonia loss by volatilization accounted for 18.6%-38.7% of urea applied at different stages, the greatest loss took place when urea was applied at the tillering stage, the smallest at the ear bearing stage, and the intermediate loss at the basal stage. The greatest loss took place within 7 d following the fertilizer application. Ammonia volatilization losses at three fertilization stages were significantly correlated with the ammonium concentration in the field floodwater after the fertilizer was applied. ^15N balance experiment indicated that the use efficiency of urea by rice plants ranged between 24.4% and 28.1%. At the early stage of rice growth, the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was rather low, only about 12%. The total amount of nitrogen lost from different fertilization stages in the rice field was 44.1%-54.4%, and the ammonia volatilization loss was 25.4%-33.3%. Reducing ammonia loss is an important treatment for improving N use efficiency.

关键词： ammonia volatilization urea ^15N balance rice influence factors, Taihu region

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Carbon Isotope Discrimination is not Correlated with Transpiration Efficiency in Three Cool-Season Grain Legumes(Pulses)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第10期49卷 1478-1483页

作者： Neil C.Turner Jairo A.Palta Renuka Shrestha Christiane Ludwig Kadambot H.M.Siddique David W.Turner Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture M080The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture M080The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia CSIRO Plant IndustryPrivate Mail Bag No.5WembleyWA 6913Australia School of Plant Biology M084Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia csiro Plant Industry Private Mail Bag No.5WembleyWA 6913Australia Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture M080The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Plant BiologyM084Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

The carbon isotope discrimination （δ^13C） of leaves has been shown to be correlated with the transpiration efficiency of leaves in a wide range of species. This has led to δ^13C being used in breeding programs to select for improved transpiration efficiency. The correlation between δ^13C and transpiration efficiency was determined under well-watered conditions during the vegetative phase in six genotypes of lentil （Lens culinaris Medikus）, six genotypes of chickpea （Cicerarietinum L.） and 10 cultivars of narrow-leafed lupin （Lupinus angustifolius L.）. Biomass （dry matter） accumulation and water use （transpiration） varied among the genotypes in all three species and transpiration efficiency was 40% to 75% higher in the most efficient compared with the least efficient genotypes. However, δ^13C and transpiration efficiency were not significantly correlated in any of the species. This suggests that the δ^13C technique cannot be used in selection for transpiration efficiency in the three grain legumes （pulses） studied.

关键词： biomass accumulation breeding chickpea lupin Cicer anetinum Lens culinans lentil Lupinus angustifofius water use.

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Enhancement of diversity,stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure:the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 41-55页

作者： Demel Teketay Keotshephile Kashe Joseph Madome Monica Kabelo John Neelo Mmusi Mmusi Wellington Masamba Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPrivate Bag 0027GaboroneBotswana University of Botswana Okavango Research InstitutePrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana

Introduction:An area exclosure is the practice of land management that involves the exclusion of livestock and humans from openly accessing an area that is characterized by severe *** exclosures have been employed as cheap and convenient means of rehabilitating degraded forests/woodlands.A study was carried out to(i)assess the species richness,diversity and evenness;(ii)determine the densities,frequencies,dominance and importance value index;and(iii)assess the population structure and regeneration status of woody species inside and outside the fence(area exclosure)of Okavango Research Institute(ORI)located in Maun,northern ***:Thirty-five woody species were recorded inside(32 spp.)and outside(24 spp.)the ORI compound,and the population structure and regeneration status of the woody species were better inside than outside the ORI *** exclosure had seven times higher mean density of woody species than outside ORI,and an exceptional regeneration of seedlings was observed inside than outside the ORI compound,suggesting the process of recovery of the degraded *** frequencies of more than half of the woody species also showed increment inside than outside the *** results suggest that the exclosed area is still in an initial recovery stage since it had been an open grazing area prior to the establishment of the *** of the woody species encountered outside ORI showed hampered recruitment and regeneration,owing to different anthropogenic impacts and overgrazing by ***:Despite the relatively short period(10 years)of exclosure establishment,results from the present study have further provided empirical evidences on the actual crucial roles played by area exclosures to increase woody species richness,diversity,evenness,density,frequency,dominance and important value index as well as enhance the population structure and regeneration of the woody species in northern *** research is recomm

关键词： Frequency Density Important value index Maun Population structure Species richness

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Chemical characteristics of precipitation and the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain, northwestern China

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Journal of Arid land 2017年第6期9卷 911-923页

作者： LI Zongjie LIU Fei SONG Yong SONG Lingling TIAN Qing JIA Bing LI Yongge MA Jinzhu Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China csiro land and water Private Bag 10 Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Gansu/Hydrology and water Resources Engineering Research Center Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Precipitation chemistry analysis is essential to evaluate the atmospheric environmental quality and identify the sources of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we collected a total of 480 precipitation samples at 6 sampling sites in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain from May 2013 to July 2014 to analyze the chemical characteristics of precipitation and to identify the main sources of ions in precipitation. Furthermore, we also explored the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain based on the precipitation chemistry *** the sampling period（from May 2013 to July 2014）, the p H values, EC（electrical conductivity）values and concentrations of cations（Ca^（2＋）, Mg^（2＋）, Na~＋, K~＋ and NH_4~＋） and anions（SO_4^（2–）, NO_3~–, Cl~–, NO_2~– and F~–） in precipitation were different in the northern and southern slopes at daily and seasonal time scales, with most of the values being higher in the northern slope than in the southern slope. The chemical type of precipitation in the southern and northern slopes was the same, i.e.,SO_4^（2–）-Ca^（2＋）-NO_3~–-Na~＋. The concentrations of ions in precipitation were mainly controlled by terrigenous material and anthropogenic activities（with an exception of Cl~–）. The concentration of Cl~– in precipitation was mainly controlled by the sea salt fraction. The concentrations of Na＋ and Cl~– showed an increasing trend after the occurrence of sand dust events both in the northern and southern slopes. In addition, after the occurrence of sand dust events, the concentrations of K~＋, Mg^（2＋）, SO_4^（2–）, NO_3~– and Ca^（2＋） showed an increasing trend in the southern slope and a decreasing trend in the northern slope. It is our hope that the results may be helpful to further understand the atmospheric pollution caused by sand dust events in the Wushaoling Mountain and can also provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention of atmospheric pollution

关键词： precipitation chemistry source assessment sand dust event Wushaoling Mountain

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