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澳大利亚对全球矿业贡献的38项创新性技术

国土资源情报 2015年第1期 28-35页

作者：张迎新汤文豪澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(csiro)

在全球矿业行业,澳大利亚始终居于领先地位,创新性技术是其可持续性发展的源动力。本文主要介绍澳大利亚对全球矿业贡献的38项创新性技术,其中,勘探技术11项,采矿技术14项,选矿技术8项,金属生产技术5项。

关键词：澳大利亚矿产行业创新性技术

The asymmetric relationships of the distribution of conspecific saplings and adults in forest fragments

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 398-404页

作者： Jinliang Liu Yuchen Zhong Lei Zhong Boliang Wei Shilu Zheng Yuchu Xie Yi Jin Mingjian Yu College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325035China School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia csiro Health&Biosecurity Centre for Environment and Life SciencesFloreatWAAustralia State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025China

Aims With the increase of land-use change,habitat fragmentation has become a major factor affecting plant ***,when the adult density is high,the survival rate of conspecific saplings may decline and provide more resources and space for other species to maintain a high local species ***,the spatial relationship of conspecific saplings and adults(SRCSA)can regulate plant ***,very few studies have assessed SRCSA within fragmented forests,and we still largely unknown the relationship between SRCSA and species diversity in fragmented *** We calculated the mean strength of SRCSA using the spatial distribution data of saplings and adults with a log-transformed hierarchical offset-power model on 27 islands in a land-bridge island *** higher strength of SRCSA reflects a more negative relationship between the density of conspecific saplings and adults on an island(*** looser pattern of SRCSA).We tested the relationships among island attributes(*** area,the distance to the mainland—MD,and the distance to the nearest island—ND),SRCSA and species *** Findings The strength of SRCSA increased with ***,the species diversity significantly increased with the strength of SRCSA,and island area and the strength of SRCSA independently explained 26%and 6%of variation of species diversity,respectively,and their interactions explained 8%.Shade-intolerant and low-abundant species showed looser patterns of *** study suggests that SRCSA may have the effect of excluding species with a relatively low abundance in isolated island forests,which illustrates the importance of biotic interactions in maintaining plant diversity in fragmented *** results also emphasize that we should consider forest connectivity when testing the conspecific negative density dependence.

关键词： Community assembly Janzen–Connell hypothesis habitat fragmentation negative density dependence land-bridge islands species diversity maintenance spatial distribution

Adaptive evolution to the natural and anthropogenic environment in a global invasive crop pest,the cotton bollworm

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The Innovation 2023年第4期4卷 91-101页

作者： Minghui Jin Henry L.North Yan Peng Hangwei Liu Bo Liu Ruiqing Pan Yan Zhou Weigang Zheng Kaiyu Liu Bo Yang Lei Zhang Qi Xu Samia Elfekih Wendy A.Valencia-Montoya Tom Walsh Peng Cui Yongfeng Zhou Kenneth Wilson Chris Jiggins Kongming Wu Yutao Xiao Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies(Hainan)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518116China The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWest Yuanmingyuan RoadBeijing 100193China Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridge CB21SZUK College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YWUK Berry Genomics Corporation Beijing 102200China Institute of Entomology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness(ACDP) CSIRO Health&BiosecurityEast GeelongVIC 3169Australia Bio21 Institute and the School of Biosciences The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA csiro land and water Black Mountain LaboratoriesCanberraACT 2601Australia

The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,is set to become the most economically devastating crop pest in the world,threatening food security and biosafety as its range expands across the *** to understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of ***,and thus its management,is an understanding of population connectivity and the adaptations that allow the pest to establish in unique *** assembled a chromosome-scale reference genome and re-sequenced 503 individuals spanning the species range to delineate global patterns of connectivity,uncovering a previously cryptic population structure.

关键词： connectivity cotton evolution

Coupling a Terrestrial Biogeochemical Model to the Common land Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第5期28卷 1129-1142页

作者：施小英毛嘉富王应平戴永久唐旭利 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 csiro Marine and Atmospheric Research Aspendale Victoria Australia State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650

A terrestrial biogeochemical model （CASACNP） was coupled to a land surface model （the Common land Model,CoLM） to simulate the dynamics of carbon substrate in soil and its limitation on soil *** combined model,CoLM CASACNP,was able to predict long-term carbon sources and sinks that CoLM alone could *** coupled model was tested using measurements of belowground respiration and surface fluxes from two forest *** combined model simulated reasonably well the diurnal and seasonal variations of net ecosystem carbon exchange,as well as seasonal variation in the soil respiration rate of both the forest sites chosen for this ***,the agreement between model simulations and actual measurements was poorer under dry *** model should be tested against more measurements before being applied globally to investigate the feedbacks between the carbon cycle and climate change.

关键词： CoLM CASACNP model terrestrial carbon cycle carbon flux

Extreme fire weather is the major driver of severe bushfires in southeast Australia

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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 655-664,M0004页

作者： Bin Wang Allan C.Spessa Puyu Feng Xin Hou Chao Yue Jing-Jia Luo Philippe Ciais Cathy waters Annette Cowie Rachael H.Nolan Tadas Nikonovas Huidong Jin Henry Walshaw Jinghua Wei Xiaowei Guo De Li Liu Qiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga Wagga 2650Australia Department of Geography College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK College of land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(KLME) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur Yvette F-91191France New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dubbo 2830Australia New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Armidale 2351Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale 2351Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia csiro Data61 Canberra 2601Australia Python Charmers Pty Ltd Hawthorn 3122Australia Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Climate Change Research Centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In Australia,the proportion of forest area that burns in a typical fire season is less than for other vegetation ***,the 2019-2020 austral spring-summer was an exception,with over four times the previous maximum area burnt in southeast Australian temperate *** forest fires have extensive socio-economic,human health,greenhouse gas emissions,and biodiversity impacts due to high fire intensities.A robust model that identifies driving factors of forest fires and relates impact thresholds to fire activity at regional scales would help land managers and fire-fighting agencies prepare for potentially hazardous fire in ***,we developed a machine-learning diagnostic model to quantify nonlinear relationships between monthly burnt area and biophysical factors in southeast Australian forests for 2001-2020 on a 0.25°grid based on several biophysical parameters,notably fire weather and vegetation *** model explained over 80%of the variation in the burnt *** identified that burnt area dynamics in southeast Australian forest were primarily controlled by extreme fire weather,which mainly linked to fluctuations in the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),with a relatively smaller contribution from the central Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Our fire diagnostic model and the non-linear relationships between burnt area and environmental covariates can provide useful guidance to decision-makers who manage preparations for an upcoming fire season,and model developers working on improved early warning systems for forest fires.

关键词： Remote sensing Forest fires Climate drivers Burnt area modelling Machine learning Southeast Australia

Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University csiro Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

基于无人机和决策树算法的榆树疏林草原植被类型划分和覆盖度生长季动态估计

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生态学报 2018年第18期38卷 6655-6663页

作者：韩东王浩舟郑邦友王锋中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091 The Faculty of Forestry&Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada csiro Agricuhure and Food Queensland Biosciences Precinct 306 Carmody RoadSt Lucia4067QLDAustralia

植被覆盖度是评估生态环境质量与植被生长的重要指标,也是全球众多陆面过程模型和生态系统模型中表达植被动态的重要参数。卫星遥感和地面测量是估算植被覆盖度的常见方法。然而,如何精确估计榆树疏林草原上木本、草本不同类型植被的覆... 详细信息

植被覆盖度是评估生态环境质量与植被生长的重要指标,也是全球众多陆面过程模型和生态系统模型中表达植被动态的重要参数。卫星遥感和地面测量是估算植被覆盖度的常见方法。然而,如何精确估计榆树疏林草原上木本、草本不同类型植被的覆盖度仍然具有挑战性。无人机飞行系统有效的补充了区域尺度低空间分辨率的卫星遥感影像与样地尺度实地调查之间的缺口,为精确的监测、评估疏林草原的植被动态提供了新途径。利用无人机监测平台和决策树算法构建了一套快速、准确、自动获取景观尺度植被类型和估算植被覆盖度的自动化工具,以浑善达克沙地榆树疏林草原为对象,应用无人机监测平台对榆树疏林草原长期定位监测大样地2017年生长季植被状况进行7次监测。结果表明:1)无人机植被监测平台数据飞行高度100 m,获取的样地数字正射影像空间分辨率为2.67 cm/像元,远高于高分卫星影像,利用决策树算法基于数字正射影像可以实现自动划分榆树疏林草原木本和草本植被类型和估算植被覆盖度; 2)生长季内榆树疏林草原木本植被覆盖度为(19±2)%,草本植被覆盖度为(50±8)%,植被总覆盖度为(69±9)%,相对于木本植被,草本植被生长季内盖度变幅较大; 3)在整个生长季中,木本植被和草本植被对植被总覆盖度的平均贡献率分别为27%和73%,草本植被对植被总盖度的贡献远大于木本植被,榆树疏林草原植被的盖度主要受草本植被的影响。本研究证明无人机监测平台是一种高效、准确的植被监测工具,结合机器学习算法,实现了景观尺度植被类型的自动划分和不同类型植被覆盖度快速获取;在浑善达克沙地榆树疏林草原地区首次获取了木本植被和草本植被覆盖度的生长季动态。该平台未来可应用于各种类型生态系统植被类型划分、监测和评估。

关键词：浑善达克沙地无人机监测平台机器学习正射影像模式识别

Thermal-tectonic history of the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposit,West Junggar as constrained from zircon U-Pb,biotite Ar/Ar and zircon/apatite(U-Th)/He dating

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Thermal-tectonic history of the Baogutu porphyry Cu deposit,...

The tetrad effect and geochemistry of apatite from the Altay Koktokay No.3 pegmatite,Xinjiang,China:implications for pegmatite petrogenesis

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： Guang-Ming Li Ming-Jian Cao Ke-Zhang Qin Noreen J.Evans Brent LA.McInnes Yong-Sheng Liu Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences csiro Earth Science and Resource Engineering John de Laeter Center for Isotope Research Dept. Applied Geology/Applied PhysicsCurtin University State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences

Understanding postmineralization tectonic movements in porphyry deposits,is critical to interpreting the complete thermal-tectonic *** study reports new zircon U-Pb ages,hydrothermal biotiteAr/Ar age,and zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He ages from the Baogutu porphyry copper deposit,which,in conjunction with pre-existing geochronology and thermochronology and inverse modeling simulations,constrain the thermal-tectonic history of the *** LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia ages indicate a Late Carboniferous age of 320.1 ± 2.2 Ma for the diorite complex and 309.8 ± 2.2 Ma for the mineralized granodiorite *** biotite selected from a quartz-biotite-chalcopyrite vein yields a plateau age of 311.0 ± 1.8 Ma which agrees with the age of the granodiorite porphyry and a previously reported molybdenite Re-Os age,and suggests that hydrothermal fluid circulated about310 *** and granodiorite porphyry yield weighted mean zircon(U-Th)/He ages of200.6±5.7Ma and 241.1 ±8.1 Ma,respectively,with ages ranging from 221.0 Ma to 174.3 Ma and225.9 to 261.6 *** mean diorite and granodiorite porphyry apatite(U-Th)/He ages of87.4 ± 2.3 Ma and 120.0 ± 4.2 Ma were obtained with ages ranging from 68.9 Ma to 100.8 Ma,and from91.0 Ma to 152.0 Ma,*** wide range of zircon(U-Th)/He ages may be due to the combined effects of U and Th zonation and radiation damage,and radiation damage effect may also account for the wide range of apatite(U-Th)/He *** combined effects of depth and cooling due to meteoric water circulation contribute to an older(U-Th)/He age for the granodiorite porphyry,relative to the diorite.A five-episode cooling rate history for the diorite can be deduced by inverse model simulation:fast cooling—moderate fast cooling—relatively slow cooling—fast cooling again—very slow *** thermal and tectonic history of the wall rock indicates that it suffered significant far-field effects from the Qiangtang-Eurasia and Lhasa-Qiangta

关键词： Western Junggar Baogutu porphyry copper deposit Zircon U-Pb dating Ar/Ar dating Zircon(U-Th)/He dating Apatite(U-Th)/He dating Thermal-tectonic history

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The tetrad effect and geochemistry of apatite from the Altay...