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城市建设用地的潜在生态适宜性评价--以上海市宝山区为例

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资源科学 2020年第3期42卷 558-569页

作者：何宗菲於家陈芸温家洪尹占娥上海师范大学环境与地理科学学院上海200234 澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(csiro)水土研究所(land&water) 堪培拉ACT 2601澳大利亚

在城市快速扩张的区域,传统基于土地利用现状的生态适宜性评价方法在支持未来城市建设用地的开发决策方面具有一定的局限性。本文首次提出了城市建设用地潜在生态适宜性评价的概念和方法,把模拟预测得到的未来城市土地利用分布作为重要... 详细信息

在城市快速扩张的区域,传统基于土地利用现状的生态适宜性评价方法在支持未来城市建设用地的开发决策方面具有一定的局限性。本文首次提出了城市建设用地潜在生态适宜性评价的概念和方法,把模拟预测得到的未来城市土地利用分布作为重要因子加入生态适宜性评价框架,生成更适合于未来城市建设用地规划决策的潜在生态适宜性评价结果。以上海市宝山区为例,空间化展现城市用地扩张背景下的2050年城市建设用地潜在生态适宜性分布情况,并与传统生态适宜性评价结果进行空间量化对比分析。分析结果表明,潜在生态适宜性评价有效降低了不适宜及较不适宜开发用地与未来城市建成区重叠度较高的矛盾(分别由9.74%和22.7%降低为0.0%和14.5%),能更好地匹配城市开发边界规划和生态空间规划,突显未来发展过程中的生态保护重点区域。本文实证了新方法的科学性和有效性,该方法能更好地为城市扩张背景下的生态城市规划提供决策支持。

关键词：潜在生态适宜性评价城市建设用地城市扩张元胞自动机上海市宝山区

Soil nutrient loss due to tuber crop harvesting and its environmental impact in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1612-1624页

作者： YU Han-qing LI Yong ZHOU Na Adrian Chappell LI Xiao-yu Jean Poesen Agricultural Clean watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAA S)Beijing 100081P.R.China CSIRO Land&Water National Research Flagship Canberra ACT 2601Australia Division of Geography KU LeuvenHeverlee 3001Belgium

Soil loss due to crop harvesting （SLCH） is a soil erosion process that signiifcantly contributes to soil degradation in crop-lands. However, little is known about soil nutrient losses caused by SLCH and its environmental impacts. In the North China Plain area, we measured the losses of soil organic carbon （SOC） and nitrogen as wel as phosphorus due to SLCH and assessed their relationship with soil particle size composition, agronomic practices and soil moisture content. Our results show that the losses by harvesting potato of SOC, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP） and total phosphorus （TP） were 1.7, 1.8, 1.8, 15.9 and 14.1 times compared by harvesting sweet potato, respectively. The variation of SOC, N and P loss by SLCH are mainly explained by the variation of plant density （PD）（17–50%）, net mass of an individual tuber （Mcrop/p）（16–74%）, soil clay content （34–70%） and water content （19–46%）. Taking into account the current sewage treatment system and the ratio of the nutrients adhering to the tubers during transportation from the ifeld （NTRP/SP）, the loss of TN and TP by harvesting of potato and sweet potato in the North China Plain area amounts to 3% N and 20% P loads in the water bodies of this region. The fate of the exported N and P in the sewage treatment system ultimately controls the contribution of N and P to the polution of lakes and rivers. Our results suggest that a large amount of SLCH-induced soil nutrient export during transportation from the ifeld is a potential polutant source for agricultural water for vast planting areas of tuber crops in China, and should not be overlooked.

关键词： soil nutrient losses potato sweet potato crop harvesting water polution

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打破干旱区土地退化与贫困的联结

Science Bulletin 2022年第24期67卷 2508-2512页

作者：吕楠傅伯杰 Mark Stafford-Smith Fernando T.Maestre 程临海 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CSIRO Land&Water Canberra ACT 2601Australia Department of Ecology University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies“Ramon Margalef” University of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690Spain

Drylands cover approximately 41%of the global land surface and provide homes to more than two billion people. Collectively,drylands constitute the largest terrestrial biome on the planet,and despite their low productivity per land area compared to other ecosystems, they have a major impact on the ecological functioning and climate of our planet through carbon storage, albedo, dust production, and water cycling [1].

关键词： planet 土地退化 cycling

Quantification of hookworm ova from wastewater matrices using quantitative PCR

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 231-237页

作者： Pradip Gyawali Warish Ahmed Jatinder P.Sidhu Paul Jagals Simon Toze csiro land and water Ecosciences Precinct School of Public Health The University of Queensland

A quantitative PCR（q PCR） assay was used to quantify Ancylostoma caninum ova in wastewater and sludge samples.We estimated the average gene copy numbers for a single ovum using a mixed population of ova.The average gene copy numbers derived from the mixed population were used to estimate numbers of hookworm ova in A.caninum seeded and unseeded wastewater and sludge samples.The newly developed qP CR assay estimated an average of3.7 × 10~3 gene copies per ovum,which was then validated by seeding known numbers of hookworm ova into treated wastewater.The qP CR estimated an average of（1.1 ± 0.1）,（8.6 ± 2.9）and（67.3 ± 10.4） ova for treated wastewater that was seeded with（1 ± 0）,（10 ± 2） and（100 ± 21）ova,respectively.The further application of the q PCR assay for the quantification of A.caninum ova was determined by seeding a known numbers of ova into the wastewater matrices.The qP CR results indicated that 50%,90% and 67% of treated wastewater（1 L）,raw wastewater（1 L）and sludge（~4 g） samples had variable numbers of A.caninum gene copies.After conversion of the q PCR estimated gene copy numbers to ova for treated wastewater,raw wastewater,and sludge samples,had an average of 0.02,1.24 and 67 ova,respectively.The result of this study indicated that qP CR can be used for the quantification of hookworm ova from wastewater and sludge samples;however,caution is advised in interpreting qP CR generated data for health risk assessment.

关键词： Wastewater matrices Quantitative PCR Hookworm ova Health risks

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近20年城市遥感研究现状及其发展趋势

生态学报 2021年第8期41卷 3255-3276页

作者：张飞邵媛黄晖朱帕尔·巴合提拜新疆大学资源与环境科学学院/智慧城市与环境建模自治区普通高校重点实验室乌鲁木齐830046 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室乌鲁木齐830046 csiro Land&WaterCanberra ACT 2601Australia 新疆大学图书馆乌鲁木齐830046

随着城市化进程的不断加速,城市遥感研究已成为地理学、生态学、城市规划学等学科领域主要发展方向之一。城市化使人口与经济增长的同时,也使得城市原有的生态环境状况发生改变,从而引起了一系列城市生态环境问题。城市遥感是一门多学... 详细信息

随着城市化进程的不断加速,城市遥感研究已成为地理学、生态学、城市规划学等学科领域主要发展方向之一。城市化使人口与经济增长的同时,也使得城市原有的生态环境状况发生改变,从而引起了一系列城市生态环境问题。城市遥感是一门多学科交叉研究领域,近年来已经取得了一系列显著的研究成果。对近年来城市遥感研究涉及的城市地表温度、边界扩张、不透水表面、景观格局以及生态安全5个方面的理论、研究方法、应用动态以及发展方向进行了较为详细的总结与探讨。主要得出如下结论:(1)数据源从单个遥感数据研究走向多源遥感数据融合发展,多源遥感数据尤其是结合高分辨率数据越来越多的被应用到城市研究的各个领域中;(2)城市遥感的研究目标不断扩展、深化和聚焦;(3)城市遥感研究已开始从二维空间向三维空间拓展;(4)城市遥感涉及的研究对象之间相互作用,相互影响在深入解读城市遥感研究理论意义和潜在挑战的基础上,结合最新研究对本文所涉及的主题进行了补充和完善,为城市典型生态环境问题的解决提供新的思路;今后应按照城市形态与构成、城市关键要素、生态环境响应、生态环境评价以及城市扩展与环境预测的体系结构进行综合分析。

关键词：城市地表温度城市扩张城市不透水表面城市景观格局城市生态安全

Patterns of sperm use by twice-mated female Queensland fruit flies

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1159-1169页

作者： Jason Shadmany Siu F.Lee Thu N.M.Nguyen Phillip W.Taylor Applied BioSciences Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSWAustralia csiro land and water Black MountainACTAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit flies.Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males.How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual selection.Sexual behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly(Qfly),Bactrocera tryoni,has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species’reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique(SIT),whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest populations.Despite numerous studies of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly,there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female Qflies.We used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in Qfly.The two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency,copula duration,and proportion of second mate paternity(P2)between reciprocal crosses.The mechanism of sperm usage,with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged,is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of sperm.Patterns observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies,and are discussed in relation to this species’reproductive biology,known patterns of sperm storage,and SIT.

关键词： muliple mating polyandry sperm competition sperm pecedence Tephritidac

water Cycle and Irrigation Expansion: An Application of Multi-Criteria Evaluation in the Limestone Coast (Australia)

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2014年第7期6卷 655-668页

作者： Zahra Paydar Yun Chen csiro land and water Canberra Australia

A summary of the current understanding of the hydrological system in the Limestone Coast in Australia is presented. The regional water balance analysis indicated about 90% of the water is lost through evapotranspiration. Irrigation consumes a substantial part of the groundwater and returns up to half of the water inflow to the aquifer. A multi-criteria analysis using fuzzy quantifiers and analytical hierarchy process was applied for future irrigation expansion. The results showed a total of 94,632 ha of land, considered suitable for irrigation where groundwater is not over-allocated or over used. This model showed some advantages over the conventional multi-criteria evaluation methods as it avoids arbitrary decisions on criteria weightings.

关键词： land Suitability Regional water Balance Irrigation Expansion Multi-Criteria Evaluation

Numerical Approach for Thermal History Modelling in Multi-Episodic Rifting Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第3期25卷 519-528页

作者： Bo Kang Xinong Xie Tao Cui Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences csiro land and water

Pre-existing models for thermal history modelling have shown deficiency in explicit algorithms to establish the quantitative relationship between maturity indices and thermal gradients in some sedimentary basins that experienced multi-episodic rifting evolution. In this study, a forward and inverse combination model（FICM） is proposed to estimate the vitrinite reflectance（Ro） and thermal gradients. The forward module is used to calculate Ro values. It couples the EASY%Ro model with burial history reconstruction with consideration of thermal gradient variations during basin evolution. The inverse module reconstructs histoical thermal gradients by calibrating cmputed Ro against measured Ro data. The time-temperature series is a necessary input for both forward and inverse modules. Sample density is a profound factor influencing the accuracy of modelling results. In order to obtain satisfying outputs, a sufficient sample density is required. Thermal gradients are assumed to vary linearly between two given samples. Modelling results of case studies indicate that the sensitivity of heating time to Ro evlution is differnt with thermal gradients depending on geolgoical setting. Three difffernt districts, which include the time-sensitive area, the temperature-sensitive area and the non-sensitive area, can be recognized on the the relationship map among Ro variations, heating time and geothermal gradients. This model can be applied to reconstruct the thermal history and maturation evolution in a basin that has undergone complex multi-episodic rifting.

关键词： thermal history maturity EASY%Ro burial history vitrinite reflectance.

Delayed juvenile behavioral development and prolonged dependence are adaptations to desert life in the grey falcon

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 679-687页

作者： Jonny SCHOENJAHN Chris R.PAVEY Gimme H.WALTER School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia csiro land and water DarwinNT 0822Australia

Rapid learning in the young of most endothermic animals can be expected to be favored by natural selection because early independence reduces the period of vulnerability.Cases of comparatively slow juvenile development continue,therefore,to attract scientific attention.In most species of birds,including raptors,the young depend on their parents for some time after fledging for the provisioning of food and for protection while they learn to become nutritionally and otherwise independent.Among raptors,post-fledging dependence periods that exceed 6 months are exclusive to the largest species and these have reproductive cycles that exceed 12 months.By contrast,young of the medium-sized grey falcon Falco hypoleucos have been reported in close company with their parents up to 12 months after fledging,that is,at a time when the adults are expected to breed again.We investigated the occurrence and characteristics of prolonged adult–juvenile association relative to other falcons and similar-sized raptors.We found that the behavioral development of grey falcon young is extremely delayed,and that they even depend nutritionally on their parents for up to 12 months after fledging.We suggest that these 2 distinctive features are,ultimately,adaptations of the grey falcon to its extreme environment,Australia’s arid and semi-arid zone,one of the hottest environments in the world.

关键词： arid environment behavioral adaptation bird of prey post-fledging period