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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第7期57卷 618-627页

作者： Christine Bttcher Crista A.Burbidge Valentina di Rienzo Paul K.Boss Christopher Davies csiro Agriculture flagship Glen Osmond Department of Soil Plant and Food SciencesSection of Genetics and Plant BreedingUniversity of Bari "Aldo Moro"

The plant hormone jasmonic acid （JA） is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs, but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear. Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-Ile is recognized by the jasmonate receptor. The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases, belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3 （GH3） proteins. Here, in vitro studies of two grapevine （Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz） GH3 enzymes, VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9, demonstrated JA-conjugating activ- ities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates, including isoleucine. Expression studies of the correspond- ing genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-lle measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process. In response to methyl JA （MeJA） treatment, and in wounded and unwounded （distal）leaves, VvGH3-9 transcripts accumulated, indicating a participation in the JA response. In contrast, VvGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding, demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of VvGH3-7 and VvGH3- 9. The transient induction of VvGH3-7 in unwounded, distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal.

关键词： Berry development GH3 grapevine jasmonic acid wound response

Identification of loci and candidate genes controlling kernel weight in barley based on a population for which whole genome assemblies are available for both parents

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 854-861页

作者： Hong Zhou Wei Luo Shang Gao Jian Ma Meixue Zhou Yuming Wei Youliang Zheng Yaxi Liu Chunji Liu Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiangChengdu 611130SichuanChina csiro Agriculture flagship 306 Carmody RoadSt.LuciaQLD 4067Australia School of Land and food and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of TasmaniaHobart 7250Australia

Kernel weight(KW), together with kernel number per unit area, determines yield of cereal crops. Here,two barley recombinant inbred lines(RILs) populations with a shared parent were used to identify loci controlling KW. One is Baudin/AWCS276(BA) for which a linkage map was available. Several largeeffect QTL controlling KW were detected in this population. Another is Morex/AWCS276(MA). A linkage map with 5273 makers formed 1454 clusters, was constructed by the genotyping by sequence(GBS) data of 201 RILs from this population. A single marker was selected to represent each of the clusters and the linkage map constructed with these markers covers a total length of 1022.4 c M with an average interval of approximately 0.7 cM between loci. Three of the large-effect loci controlling KW(located on 2 HL, 6 HL,and 7 HL, respectively) identified from the BA population were also detected in the MA population under different environments. The locus on 6 HL was detected in each of the experiments conducted for both populations thus was selected for developing near isogenic lines(NILs). Apart from KW, the two isolines for each pair of the putative NILs obtained showed no significant difference for any of the morphological characteristics assessed. The average difference in KW between the isolines for all the NILs obtained was about 15% based on assessments under both glasshouse and field conditions. Taken advantage that high quality genome assemblies for both Morex and AWCS276 are available, we identified candidate genes underlying two of the three loci based on an orthologous analysis. The NILs developed and the candidate genes identified in this study should facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of genes regulating KW in barley.

关键词： Barley Kernel weight Near isogenic lines AWCS276

Cropping Pattern Modifications Change Water Resource Demands in the Beijing Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第11期11卷 1914-1923页

作者： HUANG Jing Bradley G Ridoutt XU Chang-chun ZHANGHai-lin CHEN Fu College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (csiro) Sustainable Agriculture Flagship Victoria 3169 Australia

Adequate freshwater supply has become an issue of increasing local and international concern. Reducing water use in agriculture, which is the largest water using sector of the economy, is both important and urgent. The aim of this paper was to quantify how recent cropping pattern changes have influenced water resources in the great Beijing metropolitan area, an expanding megacity which also includes rural counties. Crop production affects blue water use through water consumption and water pollution, the latter assessed here using a critical dilution method. From 1990 to 2010, the total blue water used by crop production declined due to a decrease in overall cropped area, initially in response to local government policies favouring urban development. However, the average blue water use per hectare increased from 2 112 m3 ha-~ yr-~ in 1990 to 2 764 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in 2003, largely as the result of a transition from cereal to vegetable crops, and in particular an increase in intensively managed plastic and glass covered vegetable production systems. Current policies aim to conserve agricultural land, in the interests of food security, and to stimulate cereal production systems with higher ecosystem services provision. As such, in 2010 the average blue water use was 2 425 m3 ha-~ yr-l. These results demonstrate that cropping pattern changes in peri-urban regions and rural communities surrounding the Beijing metropolitan area can have a substantial impact on water resources. They also highlight the tradeoffs between food production and urban and industrial water supply and the need for integrated policy development.

关键词： blue water use water consumption water pollution cropping pattern adjustment peri-urban food production

Dimensions of eco-efficiency in agricultural intensification

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Dimensions of eco-efficiency in agricultural intensification

Whole-body in vivo enzyme activity of fatty acid metabolism in barramundi,Lates calcarifer

CGIAR Science Forum 2011: The Agriculture——Environment Nexus

作者： Peter Carberry Brian Keating csiro Sustainable Agriculture flagship

＜正＞The world’s agro-ecosystems have developed through adaptation to environmental and social drivers whereby production is balanced against a range of economic and sustainability *** discussing the concept of eco-efficiency,Keating et al. （2010） extend the simple notion of achieving more with less to the production of food and fibre products relative to the ecological resources used as inputs,mainly land,water,nutrients,energy,or biological *** proposed a stylized

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Whole-body in vivo enzyme activity of fatty acid metabolism ...

Effect of feeding Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.) a diet enriched with stearidonic acid from parr to smolt on growth and n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis

The 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding

作者： Ramez Alhazzaa Andrew Bridle Peter Nichols Chris Carter NCMCRS University of TasmaniaLocked Bag 1370LauncestonTAS 7250Australia TAFI University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 49HobartTAS 7001Australia food futures flagship CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric ResearchCastray EsplanadeHobartTAS 7000Australia

Fish oil(FO) supply is strongly dependent on the availability and sustainability of wild fisheries and is under pressure from increasing demand of the expanding agricultural and pharmaceutical *** plant oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and emerging as practical replacements for *** fish on different precursors ofω3 long chain (≥C) PUFA(LC-PUFA) to increase LC-PUFA content in flesh is of potential interest in *** test the preferential utilisation of dietary fatty acids and capacity of barramundi to synthesise LC-PUFA from shorter(C) precursors,three identical diets differing only in lipid source were fed to juvenile fish raised in freshwater and seawater for 8 *** from Echium plantagineum(EO),rich in SDA(18:4ω3),and from canola(CO),containing ALA(18:3ω3),were compared with a FO diet rich in EPA+DHA(20:5ω3 &(22:6ω3),.FA mass balance showed no significant effects for varied salinity on FA *** enzymes involved in FA biosynthesis varied in apparent in vivo activity depending on dietary ***-fed fish,containing SDA to bypass the rate-limiting△-6 FA desaturase(FAD6) step within PUFA synthesis pathway,did not show activity for this enzyme,while CO inclusion in diets increased FAD6 and to a less extent when feeding on *** activity was shown by the downstream△5 FA desaturase(FAD5) enzyme needed to synthesise de novoω-3 LC-PUFA products in EO-fed fish compared to FO and ***-fed fish accumulated oleic acid and showed significantly higher apparent activity for△9 FA desaturase(FAD9) compared with the EO and CO ***β-oxidation of total dietary and de novo fatty acids recorded the greatest rates in fish fed on FO compared with plant *** prefer to accumulate most of the dietary SFA,MUFA and utilise PUFA by elongation and desaturation to the more beneficial *** biosynthesis did not produce excess amounts of the final products and catabolised LC-PUFA preferentially from

关键词： Lates calcarifer lipid metabolism fatty acid mass balance

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Effect of feeding Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.) a diet enr...

Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions

The 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding

作者： Basseer M.Codabaccus Andrew R.Bridle Peter D.Nichols Chris G.Carter NCMCRS AMCUniversity of TasmaniaBag 1370LauncestonTAS 7250 Australia csiro food futures flagship Marine and Atmospheric ResearchGPO Box 1538HobartTAS 7001Australia Marine Research Laboratories Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries InstituteUniversity of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 49HobartTAS 7001Australia

Vegetable oils(VO) have become the predominant substitute for fish oil(FO) in aquafeeds, however,the resultant lower concentrations of(n-3) long-chain(>C) polyunsaturated fatty acids [(n-3) LC-PUFA]in fish has put their use under *** need to investigate new oil sources *** research tested the hypothesis that in Atlantic salmon a high intake of stearidonic acid (SDA) from Echium oil(EO) would result in increased(n-3) LC-PUFA biosynthesis and deposition due to lower competition for A6 *** were made to diets containing canola oil (CO) and FO for 112 d in freshwater followed by 84 d in seawater after *** diet resulted in a higher eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) than CO diet in *** acid mass balance of freshwater fish indicated higher biosynthesis of eicosatetraenoic acid(ETA) and EPA in EO fish compared to fish on the other diets with a 2 fold increase in the biosynthesis of(n-3) LC-PUFA due to dietary *** seawater,biosynthetic activity was markedly reduced in all treatments,but there was higher biosynthesis of ETA in EO fish and appearance of all desaturation and elongation products along the(n-3) *** the biosynthetic precursors of(n-3) LC-PUFA,present in both CO and EO fish,no additional dietary(n-3) LC-PUFA were required for *** enriched plant oils might be a more suitable FO substitutes than conventional VO due to higher SDA content,higher total(n-3) and improved(n-3)/(n-6) ratio.

关键词： Echium oil Stearidonic acid Atlantic salmon Biosynthesis Fatty acid

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 115-126页

作者： Lukas van Zwieten Stephen Kimber Stephen Morris Lynne M.Macdonald Josh Rust Scott Petty Stephen Joseph Terry Rose NSW Department of Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbar 2477NSWAustralia csiro Land and Water Agriculture and food/Sustainable Agricultural flagship UrrbraeSA 5064Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesKensington 2033NSWAustralia Southern Cross Plant Science Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia Centre for Organics Research Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia

Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or *** application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation *** a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil *** further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the *** N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture *** of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N *** was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian *** the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month *** low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the *** lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation *** brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the bio

关键词： Ferralsol Autochamber methodology Nitrification Urea Lime Poultry litter biochar Hardwood biochar Emission intensity

Testing a bell-shaped function for estimation of fully expanded leaf area in modern maize under potential production conditions

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 527-537页

作者： Xiaoxing Zhen Hui Shao Weina Zhang Weige Huo William David Batchelor Peng Hou Enli Wang Guohua Mi Yuxin Miao Haigang Li Fusuo Zhang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Biosystems Engineering Department Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China csiro Agriculture flagship CanberraACT 2601Australia Department of Soil Water and ClimateMinnesota UniversitySt.PaulMN 55108USA

Accurate leaf area simulation is critical for the performance of crop growth models. Area of fully expanded individual leaves of maize hybrids released before 1995 (defined as old hybrids) has been simulated using a bell-shaped function (BSF) and the relationship between its parameters and total leaf number (TLNO). However, modern high-yielding maize hybrids show different canopy architectures. The function parameters calibrated for old hybrids will not accurately represent modern hybrids. In this study, we evaluated these functions using a dataset including old and modern hybrids that have been widely planted in China in recent years. Maximum individual leaf area (Y_0) and corresponding leaf position (X_0) were not predicted well by TLNO (R^2= 0.56 and R^2= 0.70) for modern hybrids. Using recalibrated shape parameters a and b with values of Y_0 and X_0 for modern hybrids, the BSF accurately predicted individual leaf area (R^2= 0.95–0.99) and total leaf area of modern hybrids (R^2= 0.98). The results show that the BSF is still a robust way to predict the fully expanded leaf area of maize when parameters a and b are modified and Y_0 and X_0 are fitted. Breeding programs have led to increases in TLNO of maize but have not altered Y_0 and X_0, reducing the correlation between Y_0, X_0, and TLNO. For modern hybrids, the values of Y_0 and X_0 are hybrid-specific. Modern hybrids tend to have less-negative values of parameter a and more-positive values of parameter b in the leaf profile. Growth conditions, such as plant density and environmental conditions, also affect the fully expanded leaf area but were not considered in the original published equations. Thus, further research is needed to accurately estimate values of Y_0 and X_0 of individual modern hybrids to improve simulation of maize leaf area in crop growth models.

关键词： total leaf number(TLNO) high-yielding

An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency

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National Science Review 2020年第10期7卷 1523-1526页

作者： Dongbao Sun Haigang Li Enli Wang Wenqing He Weiping Hao Changrong Yan Yuzhong Li Xurong Mei Yanqing Zhang Zhanxiang Sun Zhikuan Jia Huaiping Zhou Tinglu Fan Xucheng Zhang Qin Liu Fengju Wang Chaochun Zhang Jianbo Shen Qingsuo Wang Fusuo Zhang Centre for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Education Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences csiro Agriculture flagship Inner Mongolia key laboratory of soil quality and nutrient resources Key laboratory of grassland resource (IMAU) Ministry of EducationCollege of Grassland Resources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agronomy (Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Northwest A & F University Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Dryland Agricultural Research Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Since 1990, crop yields have stagnated in many parts of the world, posing a significant challenge to global food security [1].As such, innovative solutions are needed to increase the resource-use efficiency of croppin... 详细信息

关键词： GROWTH FURROW RIDGE PRODUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE MOISTURE MAIZE WHEAT

A Comparison Study of Phenolic Contents and <i>in Vitro</i>Antioxidant Activities of Australian Grown Faba Beans (<i>Vicia faba</i>L.) Varying in Seed Coat Colours as Affected by Extraction Solvents

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019年第6期10卷 227-245页

作者： Siem Doo Siah Samson Agboola Jennifer A. Wood Izabela Konczak Christopher L. Blanchard Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute Wagga Wagga Australia Australian Export Grains Innovation Centre (AEGIC) North Ryde NSW Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia food futures flagship CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences North Ryde NSW Australia School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia Tamworth Agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Calala Australia food Science and Technology School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia

Twelve Australian grown faba bean genotypes with seed colour ranging from white, different shades of buff/beige, green, red and purple, were extracted using 80% methanol (v/v) or 70% acetone (v/v). The findings showed that commonly consumed buff-coloured genotypes have comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to those with exotic seed coat colour (red, green and purple). In general, the extraction yield for methanol and acetone extracts of faba bean genotypes were similar. However, the acetone extracts of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats exhibited higher antioxidant activities than their methanol extracts counterparts. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the genotypes were compared in an array of chemical-based assays and profiled using an on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-post column derivatization (HPLC-PCD) system. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of acetone extracts were approximately twice those of methanol extracts. The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts. In general, the methanol extracts of white-coloured faba bean genotype exhibited comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to varieties with coloured seed coats. However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats. HPLC-PCD analyses showed substantial antioxidant responses, represented as a dense “hump” of peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of acetone extracts from coloured-genotypes. This “hump” was not detected in the chromatograms of white-genotype acetone extracts, or in chromatograms of methanol extract

关键词： Vicia faba Extraction Solvent Phenolic Compound Antioxidant