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When domestication bottleneck meets weed

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Molecular Plant 2022年第9期15卷 1405-1408页

作者： Yanqing Sun Longbiao Guo Qian-Hao Zhu Longjiang Fan State Key Lab for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 311401China Institute of Crop Science&Institute of Bioinformatics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China csiro agriculture and food CanberraACT 2601Australia

DOMESTICATION OF CROPS BY TWO DIFFERENT SCENARIOS Crop domestication is a unique pattern of plant evolution,commonly referred to as the process of generation of cultivated crops from wild specles due to morphological and gen-etic transformation as a result of human intervention and *** on the relationship between weeds and crops in archaeology,evolutionary biology,and genetics have revolution-ized our understanding of the role of weeds in the agroecosystem and of the intricacy of crop ***,generally be-ing effective competitors of crops,are not the targets of human cultivation;however,like crops,they can adapt to human-made habitats and thereby are under unintentional human *** peculiar environment of the agricultural system alows some arable weeds to develop domestication syndrome,Le.,to mimic crop characteristics,such as plant architecture and seed size,to escape being detected and eradicated.

关键词： crops weed cultivated

Genetic Manipulation of Non-Classic Oilseed Plants for Enhancement of Their Potential as a Biofactory for Triacylglycerol Production

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 523-533页

作者： Xiao-Yu Xu Hong-Kun Yang Surinder P. Singh Peter J. Sharp Qing Liu csiro agriculture and food Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of agriculture School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Global demand for vegetable oil is anticipated to double by 2030. The current vegetable oil production platforms, including oil palm and temperate oilseeds, are unlikely to produce such an expansion. Therefore, the exploration of novel vegetable oil sources has become increasingly important in order to make up this future vegetable oil shortfall. Triacylglycerol （TAG）, as the dominant form of vegetable oil, has recently attracted immense interest in terms of being produced in plant vegetative tissues via genetic engineering technologies. Multidiscipline-based ＂-omics＂ studies are increasingly enhancing our understanding of plant lipid biochemistry and metabolism. As a result, the identification of biochemical pathways and the annotation of key genes contributing to fatty acid biosynthesis and to lipid assembly and turnover have been effectively updated. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the genetic enhancement of TAG accumulation in high-biomass plant vegetative tissues and oilseeds through the genetic manipulation of the key genes and regulators involved in TAG biosynthesis. In this review, current genetic engineering strategies ranging from single-gene manipulation to multigene stacking aimed at increasing plant biomass TAG accumulation are summarized. New directions and suggestions for plant oil production that may help to further alleviate the potential shortage of edible oil and biodiesel are discussed.

关键词： Plant vegetable oil Triacylglycerol Genetic engineering Edible oil Biodiesel

Jasmonic acid-isoleucine formation in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.) by two enzymes with distinct transcription profiles

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第7期57卷 618-627页

作者： Christine Bttcher Crista A.Burbidge Valentina di Rienzo Paul K.Boss Christopher Davies csiro agriculture Flagship Glen Osmond Department of Soil Plant and Food SciencesSection of Genetics and Plant BreedingUniversity of Bari "Aldo Moro"

The plant hormone jasmonic acid （JA） is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs, but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear. Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-Ile is recognized by the jasmonate receptor. The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases, belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3 （GH3） proteins. Here, in vitro studies of two grapevine （Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz） GH3 enzymes, VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9, demonstrated JA-conjugating activ- ities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates, including isoleucine. Expression studies of the correspond- ing genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-lle measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process. In response to methyl JA （MeJA） treatment, and in wounded and unwounded （distal）leaves, VvGH3-9 transcripts accumulated, indicating a participation in the JA response. In contrast, VvGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding, demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of VvGH3-7 and VvGH3- 9. The transient induction of VvGH3-7 in unwounded, distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal.

关键词： Berry development GH3 grapevine jasmonic acid wound response

Decoupled drought responses of fine-root versus leaf acquisitive traits among six Prunus hybrids

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 304-312页

作者： Shuang-Xi Zhou Rob R.Walker Everard Edwards csiro agriculture and food Glen OsmondSA 5064Australia The New Zealand Institute for Plant and food Research Ltd Hawke’s BayNew Zealand

Aims Predicting drought consequences on forests and fruit crop plantings requires improved understanding of drought responses of both leaf and fine-root resource acquisitive traits(specific leaf area—SLA,specific root surface area—SRA and specific root length—SRL).We hypothesize their responses are coordinated towards integrated plant resource conservation under severe *** We tested the hypothesis with a greenhouse-based drought experiment on saplings of six Prunus hybrids with a priori known contrasting drought *** were subjected to either control(100%field capacity)or severe drought stress treatment(33%evapotranspiration of hybrid-specific control plants).Sample collections were carried out at 30 and at 60 days after the start of treatments,for both control and stressed *** Findings No hybrid showed concurrent significant decrease of SLA and SRA(or SRL)under severe *** fine-root traits of the six hybrids showed two major drought-response scenarios,in particular:(i)increased root tissue density(RTD)and decreased average root diameter without significant change of SRL and(ii)increased RTD and decreased SRL without significant change of average root *** responses of leaf gas exchange,SRA,SRL and RTD were closely correlated along a gradient towards resource conservation from control to drought-stressed plants in all hybrids,which was orthogonal to another gradient characterized by a hybrid-dependent decrease of *** findings highlight(i)the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought responses,(ii)the decoupling between leaf economics and leaf hydraulics and(iii)the covariation of leaf and root hydraulics in terms of trait drought *** study contributes to identifying the origin of the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought response at intraspecific scale,and highlights differential drought–response combinations of leaf and fine-root traits among hybrids to survive under severe soil drou

关键词： multi-dimensional drought response soil water stress specific leaf area specific root length specific root surface area

Can effectoromics and loss-of-susceptibility be exploited for improving Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat?

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The Crop Journal 2021年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： Andrii Gorash Rita Armonienė Kemal Kazan Institute of agriculture Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry(LAMMC)Instituto av.1Akademija LT-58344Lithuania Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(csiro)agriculture and food BrisbaneQLD 4067Australia Queensland Alliance for agriculture and food Innovation(QAAFI) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4067Australia

Bread wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.),which provides about 20%of daily calorie intake,is the most widely cultivated crop in the world,in terms of total area devoted to its ***,even small increases in wheat yield can translate into large *** the gap between actual and potential grain yield in wheat is a crucial task to feed the increasing world *** head blight(FHB)caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusaium graminearum and related Fusarium species is one of the most devastating wheat diseases throughout the *** disease reduces not only the yield but also the quality by contaminating the grain with mycotoxins harmful for humans,animals and the *** recent years,remarkable achievements attained in omics"technologies have not only provided new insights into understanding of processes involved in pathogenesis but also helped develop effective new tools for practical plant *** of the genomes of various wheat patho gens,including ***,as well as those of bread and durum wheat and their wild relatives,together with advances made in transcriptomics and bioinformatics,has allowed the identification of candidate pathogen effectors and corresponding host resistance(R)and susceptibility(S)***,so far,FHB effectors and wheat susceptibility genes/factors have been poorly *** this paper,we first briefly highlighted recent examples of improving resistance against pathogens via new techniques in different host *** then propose effective strategies towards developing wheat cultivars with improved resistance to *** hope that the article will spur discussions and interest among researchers about novel approaches with great potential for improving wheat against FHB.

关键词： Effectoromics Susceptibility genes Fusarium head blight Fusarium graminearum Wheat breeding for resistance

The use of animal sensor data for predicting sheep metabolisable energy intake using machine learning

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Information Processing in agriculture 2021年第4期8卷 494-504页

作者： Hari Suparwito Dean T.Thomas Kok Wai Wong Hong Xie Shri Rai Murdoch University MurdochWA 6150Australia csiro agriculture and food Private Bag 5WembleyWA 6913Australia

The use of sensors for monitoring livestock has opened up new possibilities for the management of livestock in extensive grazing *** work presented in this paper aimed to develop a model for predicting the metabolisable energy intake(MEI)of sheep by using temperature,pitch angle,roll angle,distance,speed,and grazing time data obtained directly from wearable sensors on the sheep.A Deep Belief Network(DBN)algorithm was used to predict MEI,which to our knowledge,has not been attempted *** results demonstrated that the DBN method could predict the MEI for sheep using sensor data *** mean square error(MSE)values of 4.46 and 20.65 have been achieved using the DBN model for training and testing datasets,*** also evaluated the influential sensor data variables,i.e.,distance and pitch angle,for predicting the *** study demonstrates that the application of machine learning techniques directly to on-animal sensor data presents a substantial opportunity to interpret biological interactions in grazing systems directly from sensor *** expect that further development and refinement of this technology will catalyse a step-change in extensive livestock management,as wearable sensors become widely used by livestock producers.

关键词： Energy intake Livestock behaviour Machine learning Predictions Sensor data

Cattle behaviour classification from collar, halter, and ear tag sensors

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Information Processing in agriculture 2018年第1期5卷 124-133页

作者： A.Rahman D.V.Smith B.Little A.B.Ingham P.L.Greenwood G.J.Bishop-Hurley Analytics Program Data61CSIROAustralia Productive and Adaptive Livestock Systems Agriculture and FoodCSIROAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries Beef Industry Centre Australia

In this paper,we summarise the outcome of a set of experiments aimed at classifying cattle behaviour based on sensor *** animal carried sensors generating time series accelerometer data placed on a collar on the neck at the back of the head,on a halter positioned at the side of the head behind the mouth,or on the ear using a *** purpose of the study was to determine how sensor data from different placement can classify a range of typical cattle *** were collected and animal behaviours(grazing,standing or ruminating)were observed over a common time *** features were computed from the sensor data and machine learning algorithms were trained to classify each *** accuracies were computed on separate independent test *** analysis based on behaviour classification experiments revealed that different sensor placement can achieve good classification accuracy if the feature space(representing motion patterns)between the training and test animal is *** paper will discuss these analyses in detail and can act as a guide for future studies.

关键词： Sensor data analytics Cattle behaviour classification Sensors for cattle behaviour tracking

Preparation of Cassava Starch-based Superabsorbent Polymer Using a Twin-roll Mixer as Reactor

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第10期32卷 1348-1356页

作者： Dong-ling Qiao Xian-yang Bao 刘宏生 Xing-xun Liu Ling Chen 余龙 Xiao-qing Zhang Pei Chen Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource ERCPSP SCUT csiro Materials Science and Engineering Clayton Vic 3169 Australia School of food Science South China Agriculture University

Cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer was successfully synthesized using a new technology that based on modification of a Haake twin-roll mixer as reactor. The cassava starch was first gelatinized then modified by grafting under external shear stress in the reactor. The torque and temperature curves as a function of time can reflect the variations in the reactor and also offer some information about the copolymerization reaction. The advantages of this system include starch modification can be carried out （l） with high starch concentration, （2） under controlled ticne and （3） smaller amount of sample （60 g） required. The technology provides useful guides for reactive extrusion. The starch grafted composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. The TGA was also used for determining the percentage of grafting ratio. The results show that the cassava starch has been successfully grafted with acrylamide then crosslinked by N,N＇-methylene-bisacrylamide using this reactor. The ultimate water absorbent capacity of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer impacted by various pH values illustrated that the acid and basic solutions inhibit the ability of imbibing water. Additionally, gel properties of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer were investigated. It can be concluded that the structure of cassava gel is stable, while the three dimensional network of cassava-based superabsorbent polymer is rigid but its structure could not resist external force effectively and everlastingly since G＇ was decreased with increasing amplitude.

关键词： Graft Acrylamide Superabsorbent Extrusion Starch Cassava.

Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 142-151页

作者： Teresa Valor Lluís Coll David I.Forrester Hans Pretzsch Miren del Río Kamil Bielak Bogdan Brzeziecki Franz Binder Torben Hilmers Zuzana Sitková Roberto Tognetti Aitor Ameztegui Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering(DCEFA) University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 191E25198 LleidaSpain Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Ctra.Sant LlorençKm.225280SolsonaSpain Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland csiro Land and Water GPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Forest Research Center INIA-CSICCtra.A Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain IuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIASpain Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 159/3402776WarsawPoland Bavarian State Institute of Forestry(LWF) Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1D-85354FreisingGermany National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296001ZvolenSlovakia Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università1 I-39100Bolzano

Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic ***: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to *** methods and information theory were used to select the best ***: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their ***: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of th

关键词： Competition coefficient Competition reduction Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Mixing effects Mixed species forest Neighbourhood models Plant-plant interactions