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Remediation and monitoring of abandoned mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第5期27卷 803-811页

作者： Shen Baotang Brett Poulsen Luo Xun Qin Johnny Ramesh Thiruvenkatachari Duan Yi csiro energy PullenvaleBrisbaneQLD 4069Australia

paper describes a recent study on using fly ash for backfilling abandoned room and pillar *** investigations on fly ash properties such as the strength and stiffness of settled fly ash, flowability of fly ash grout, as well as chemistry and environmental aspects of fly ash backfill have been undertaken in the laboratory. Numerical modelling was also conducted to quantify the effects of fly ash backfill on the stability of underground pillars. The laboratory tests showed that with a solid concentration of approximate 50%, fly ash grout has an excellent flowability and very low viscosity. It is capable of penetrating and filling almost any voids underground if designed properly and settling as a reasonably stiff solid to provide support to the pillars. Several different types of strength tests proved that a consolidated fly ash should exhibit a friction angle above 42°. 3D numerical modelling on interaction between fly ash backfill and underground pillars has shown that fly ash backfill to 90% roadway height can raise the factor of safety(Fo S) of a marginally stable area to above 1.6, which is the number often used in rock engineering design for long term stability. Chemistry and leachate analysis of representative fly ash samples from a local power station showed that the elemental concentrations in the fly ash solid sample are lower than the allowed contaminant threshold and specific contaminant concentration levels. Geotechnical monitoring in the high risk areas of an abandoned mine has been carried out as part of the risk management and control for potential subsidence. The monitoring has been very helpful in understanding the ground behaviour around the abandoned mine which can provide timely information to the parties concerned in order to make correct decisions to control the subsidence risk.

关键词： Abandoned mine Backfill Fly ash Laboratory tests Monitoring Modelling

Molecular simulation studies of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide adsorption on coal

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Petroleum Science 2015年第4期12卷 692-704页

作者： Junfang Zhang Keyu Liu M.B.Clennell D.N.Dewhurst Zhejun Pan M.Pervukhina Tongcheng Han csiro energy Flagship Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petro China csiro energy Flagship Ian Wark Laboratory

Sorption isotherms of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide （CO2） provide crucial information for designing processes to sequester CO2 and recover natural gas from unmineable coal beds. Methane （CH4）, ethane （C2H6）, and CO2 adsorption isotherms on dry coal and the temperature effect on their maximum sorption capacity have been studied by performing combined Monte Carlo （MC） and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations at temperatures of 308 and 370 K （35 and 97 ~C） and at pressures up to 10 MPa. Simulation results demonstrate that absolute sorption （expressed as a mass basis） divided by bulk gas density has negligible temperature effect on CH4, C2H6, and CO2 sorption on dry coal when pressure is over 6 MPa. CO2 is more closely packed due to stronger interaction with coal and the stronger interaction between CO2 mole- cules compared, respectively, with the interactions between hydrocarbons and coal and between hydrocarbons. The results of this work suggest that the ＂a＂ constant （pro- portional to TcPc） in the Peng-Robinson equation of state is an important factor affecting the sorption behavior of hydrocarbons. CO2 injection pressures of lower than 8 MPa may be desirable for CH4 recovery and CO2 sequestration. This study provides a quantitative under- standing of the effects of temperature on coal sorptioncapacity for CH4, C2H6, and CO2 from a microscopic perspective.

关键词： Molecular simulation - GROMOS force field -Coal bed methane - Sorption isotherm Bituminous coal Hydrocarbons Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen Storage Performance During Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs:A Review

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Engineering 2024年第9期40卷 211-225页

作者： Lingping Zeng Regina Sander Yongqiang Chen Quan Xie csiro energy MelbourneVIC 3168Australia Hydrogen Industry Mission CSIROMelbourneVIC 3168Australia csiro energy KensingtonWA 6151Australia Permanent Carbon Locking Future Science Platform CSIRO EnergyKensingtonWA 6151Australia WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityKensingtonWA 6151Australia

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to meet the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy *** hydrogen storage(UHS)in depleted gas reservoirs holds significant potential for large-scale energy storage and the seamless integration of intermittent renewable energy sources,due to its capacity to address challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources,ensuring a steady and reliable energy *** the existing infrastructure and well-characterized geological formations,depleted gas reservoirs offer an attractive option for large-scale hydrogen storage ***,significant knowledge gaps regarding storage performance hinder the commercialization of UHS *** deliverability,hydrogen trapping,and the equation of state are key areas with limited *** literature review critically analyzes and synthesizes existing research on hydrogen storage performance during underground storage in depleted gas reservoirs;it then provides a high-level risk assessment and an overview of the techno-economics of *** significance of this review lies in its consolidation of current knowledge,highlighting unresolved issues and proposing areas for future *** these gaps will advance hydrogen-based energy systems and support the transition to a sustainable energy *** efficient and safe deployment of UHS in depleted gas reservoirs will assist in unlocking hydrogen’s full potential as a clean and renewable energy *** addition,this review aids policymakers and the scientific community in making informed decisions regarding hydrogen storage technologies.

关键词： Underground hydrogen storage Storage performance Hydrogen deliverability Hydrogen trapping Risk assessment Techno-economic analysis

Longwall automation: Delivering enabling technology to achieve safer and more productive underground mining

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第6期25卷 865-876页

作者： Ralston Jonathon C. Reid David C. Dunn Mark T. Hainsworth David W. Coal Mining Research Program CSIRO Energy

The ongoing need to deliver improved safety, productivity and environmental benefit in coal mining presents an open challenge as well as a powerful incentive to develop new and improved solutions. This paper assesses the critical role that enabling technologies have played in the delivery of remote and automated capability for longwall mining. A brief historical account is given to highlight key technical contributions which have influenced the direction and development of present-day longwall technology. The current state of longwall automation is discussed with particular attention drawn to the technologies that enable automated capability. Outcomes are presented from an independently conducted case study that assessed the impact that csiro＇s LASC longwall automation research has made to the longwall mining industry in Australia. Importantly, this study reveals how uptake of this innova- tive technology has significantly benefitted coal mine productivity, improved working conditions for personnel and enhanced environmental outcomes. These benefits have been widely adopted with csiro automation technology being used in 60 per cent of all Australian underground operations. International deployment of the technology is also emerging. The paper concludes with future challenges and opportunities to highfight the ongoing scope for longwall automation research and development.

关键词： Safety Productivity Environment Mining automation Longwall mining Remote mining

Longwall automation:trends,challenges and opportunities

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第5期27卷 733-739页

作者： Jonathon C.Ralston Chad O.Hargrave Mark T.Dunn Coal Mining Research Program CSIRO EnergyBrisbaneAustralia

This paper explores the ongoing development and implementation of longwall automation technology to achieve greater levels of underground coal mining performance. The primary driver behind the research and development effort is to increase the safety, productivity and efficiency of longwall mining operations to enhance the underlying mining business. A brief review of major longwall automation challenges is given followed by a review of the insights and benefits associated with the LASC longwall shearer automation solution. Areas of technical challenge in sensing, decision support, autonomy and human interaction are then highlighted, with specific attention given to remote operating centres, proximity detection and systems-level architectures in order to motivate further automation system *** vision for a fully integrated coal mining ecosystem is discussed with the goal of delivering a highperformance, zero-exposure and environmentally coherent mining operations.

关键词： Safety Productivity Environment Mining automation Longwall mining Remote mining Sensing

Science and nanotechnology of superhard materials

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National Science Review 2014年第4期1卷 474-475页

作者： James Boland csiro energy Flagship

Materials science has made spectacular progress recently in the ields of nanophysics and *** is amply demonstrated by the research being undertaken in the area of *** range and depth of research into nanodiamonds is i... 详细信息

关键词： high Science and nanotechnology of superhard materials

Thermodynamic analysis of mixed and dry reforming of methane for solar thermal applications

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第6期20卷 568-576页

作者： Y. Sun T. Ritchie S. S. Hla S. McEvoy W. Stein J. H. Edwards csiro energy Technology P. O. Box 330 Newcastle NSW 2300 Australia csiro energy Technology P. O. Box 883 Pullenvale QLD 4069 Australia csiro energy Technology P. O. Box 136 North Ryde NSW 2113 Australia

Thermodynamic analysis of the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide alone （＂dry reforming＂） and with carbon dioxide and steam together （＂mixed reforming＂） is performed as part of a project which investigates the suitability of these endothermic reactions for the storage of solar thermal energy. The Gibbs free energy minimization method was employed to identify thermodynamically optimal operating conditions for dry reforming as well as mixed reforming with a desired H2/CO molar ratio of 2. The non-stoichiometric equilibrium model was developed using FactSage software to conduct the thermodynamic calculations for carbon formation, H2/CO ratio, CH4 conversion and H2 yield as a function of reaction temperature, pressure and reactant molar ratios. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that in the mixed reforming process, optimal operating conditions in a carbon-free zone are under H2O/CH4 /CO2 =1.0/1.0/0.5, p = 1 to 10 bar and T = 800 to 850℃ for the production of syngas with a H2 /CO molar ratio of 2. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum H2 yield of 88.0% is achieved at 1 bar and 850℃ with a maximum CH4 conversion of 99.3%. In the dry reforming process, a carbon formation regime is always present at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio of 1 for T = 700 1000℃ and p = 1-30 bar, whereas a carbon-free regime can be obtained at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio greater than 1.5 and T≥800℃.

关键词： mixed steam reforming of CH4 with CO2 CO2 reforming syngas solar thermal application

Recent developments in aqueous ammonia-based post-combustion CO2 capture technologies

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第11期26卷 2255-2265页

作者： Hai Yu csiro energy 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit Mayfield West NSW 2304 Australia

Aqueous ammonia(NH3) is a promising alternative solvent for the capture of industrial CO_2 emissions, given its high chemical stability and CO_2 removal capacity, and low material costs and regeneration energy. NH3 also has potential for capturing multiple flue gas components, including NOx, SOxand CO_2, and producing value-added chemicals. However, its high volatility and low reactivity towards CO_2 limit its economic viability. Considerable efforts have been made to advance aqueous NH3-based post-combustion capture technologies in the last few years: in particular, General Electric's chilled NH3 process, csiro's mild-temperature aqueous NH3 process and SRI International's mixed-salts(NH3 and potassium carbonate) technology. Here, we review these research activities and other developments in the field, and outline future research needed to further improve aqueous NH3-based CO_2 capture technologies.

关键词： Aqueous ammonia NH3 Post-combustion capture Ammonia loss Regeneration energy Amines

Linear OPF-based Robust Dynamic Operating Envelopes with Uncertainties in Unbalanced Distribution Networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2024年第4期12卷 1320-1326页

作者： Bin Liu Julio H.Braslavsky Nariman Mahdavi energy Centre Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia the Network Planning Division TransgridSydney 2000Australia the energy Systems Program Energy CentreCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Newcastle 2300Australia

Dynamic operating envelopes(DOEs),as key enablers to facilitate distributed energy resource(DER)integration,have attracted increasing attention in the past ***,uncertainties,which may come from load forecasting errors or inaccurate network parameters,have been rarely discussed in DOE calculation,leading to compromised quality of the hosting capacity allocation *** letter studies how to calculate DOEs that are immune to such uncertainties based on a linearised unbalanced three-phase optimal power flow(UTOPF)*** uncertain parameters constrained by norm balls,formulations for calculating robust DOEs(RDOEs)are presented along with discussions on their *** cases,including a 2-bus illustrative network and a representative Australian network,are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

关键词： Distributed energy resource(DER) dynamic operating envelope(DOE) feasible region robust optimisation uncertainty modelling unbalanced optimal power flow