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原子生态学:原子与生态的耦合

Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 11-16页

作者： Jordi Sardans Josep Penuelas CSIC Global Ecology Unit Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF)-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(UAB)Barcelona 08193Spain CREAF Barcelona 08193Spain

The functional roles of molecules in organisms and ecosystems are driven by the atoms that form them,including their threedimensional form,bond polarity,size,and conformation.Recent advances in environmental and ecological sciences,such as ecological stoichiometry,ionomics,biochemistry,biogeochemical-niche studies,and omic ecological approaches,have provided substantial data and results that support the associations of the elements/atoms in organisms and ecosystems with their fundamental functioning and structure in nature.

关键词： polarity elements structure

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The challenges of sequestering terrestrial carbon

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National Science Review 2022年第8期 9-10页

作者： Josep Pe?uelas Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)

Nature may become a powerful ally in tackling climate change.Awareness is growing that ‘nature-based climatic solutions’(Nb CS) can help us to transition toward a society with zero net emissions and thus protect us from climate change and its consequent impacts while supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. The actual potential of Nb CS to provide the intended benefits, however, has not been rigorously assessed.

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Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 41-55页

作者： Marc Estiarte Matteo Campioli Maria Mayol Josep Penuelas CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Foliar nutrient resorption(NuR)plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy.Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells.Here,we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry,physiology,and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR.Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem.Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N,whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways,making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before,during,and after foliar senescence.The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR.The efficiency of NuR decreases,especially in evergreen species,as soil fertility increases,which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability,while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant.NuR is genetically determined,with substantial interspecific variability,and is environmentally regulated in space and time,with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.

关键词： foliar nutrient resorption senescence nitrogen phosphorus efficiency nutrient availability

Earth observations for sustainable development goals monitoring based on essential variables and driver-pressure-state-impactresponse indicators

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第2期13卷 217-235页

作者： Joan Masó Ivette Serral Cristina Domingo-Marimon Alaitz Zabala CREAF Grumets Research Group CREAFEdifici C.Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraCataloniaSpain Dept.Geografia Grumets Research GroupEdifici B.Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraCataloniaSpain

In recent years,researchers of different communities have increased their efforts in formalizing a set of measurements regularly collected for analysing changes in Drivers,States,Impacts and Responses of a given discipline.In some cases,different actors have converged in a minimum set of Essential Variables(EVs),such as for Climate,Biodiversity or Oceans.The definition of such EVs is an ongoing evolution and in extension(e.g.EVs for water)although some communities have not even started(e.***.agriculture and energy).This paper characterizes the Earth Observation(EO)networks and creates a graph representation of their relations.Secondly,this graph is enriched with the EVs produced by each network creating a knowledge base.Finally,an effort has been done to identify links between EVs and Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)indicators in a way that they indirectly connect the EO.An analysis to detect gaps in EO variables due to a lack of observational networks is performed.Several suggestions for improving SDG indicators framework by considering EVs are exposed,as well as proposing new necessary EVs and suggesting new EO based indicators.The complete graph is available in the ENEON website(http://***/graphev-sdg/).

关键词： Gap analysis policy monitoring essential variables earth observation

Human-driven global nutrient imbalances increase risks to health

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 246-251页

作者： Josep Penuelas Jordi Sardans CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaCataloniaSpain

Human-induced inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)into the biosphere have reached unprecedented levels,particularly N,leading to an escalating global anthropogenic N:P ratio.This ratio has emerged as a significant driver of environmental change,impacting organisms,ecosystems,and global food security.However,the implications of this ratio for human health have been largely overlooked and remain uncertain.This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the potential effects of N:P ratios on both non-infectious and infectious diseases.Preliminary data emphasize the importance of investigating the influence of N:P ratios on human health,suggesting a potential role in the rise of non-infectious diseases,such as cancer,as well as the proliferation of infectious diseases,including Zika and malaria.These findings highlight the urgent need for increased attention from the scientific community and policymakers regarding the complex impacts of the human-induced biospheric N:P ratio.It is crucial to investigate and understand the underlying mechanisms and drivers behind these effects.Furthermore,there is significant potential for improving human health through the manipulation of N:P ratios and the availability of N and P.This applies not only to medical treatments but also to innovative fertilizer management strategies.These avenues present promising opportunities to address the challenges associated with human health in an ever-changing world.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus N:P ratio Non-infectious diseases Infectious diseases Medical treatments

Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 62-71页

作者： Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang J.Julio Camarero Sergio Rossi Jingtian Zhang Haifeng Zhu Yongshuo H.Fu Jian Sun Tao Wang Shilong Piao Josep Pe?uelas State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité du Québec à Chicoutimi Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC) College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB

Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants,little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate.Here,we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two treelines of the Tibetan Plateau,with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine treelines in the Northern Hemisphere.Under a spring warming of +1℃,xylem resumption advances by 2-4 days in trees,but delays by 3-8 days in shrubs.The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation.Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs,leading to a delayed response to warmer springs.Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales.The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs,which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.

关键词： chilling climate warming forcing treeline shift xylogenesis

Super pathogens from environmental biotechnologies threaten global health

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 20-22页

作者： Yong Xiao Feng Zhao Josep Pe?uelas Qiansheng Huang Yong-Guan Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Autonomous University of Barcelona CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Microbial pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa infecting humans,animals or plants. Super pathogens (also known as superbugs) able to resist multiple antimicrobials and cause fatal infections have been increasingly considered an emerging threat to global health [1].The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 3.8 million deaths as of 15 June2021, reminding us that we should always be alert to the next pandemic caused by super pathogens. We know little, however, about the origin and transmission of super pathogens in the environment.Among the various potential sources of super pathogens, special attention should be paid to environmental biotechnologies (EBTs) for treating wastewater.

关键词： GENES

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纳米塑料对人体健康的影响

Science Bulletin 2020年第23期65卷 1966-1969页

作者： Mariana Teles Joan Carles Balasch Miguel Oliveira Jordi Sardans Josep Penuelas Department of Cell Biology Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelona 08193Cpain Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Department of BiologyUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Partugal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) Global Ecology UnitCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals(CREAF)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(CREAF-CSIC-UAB)BellaterraCatalonia E-08193Spain Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals(CREAF)Cendanyola del Valles Catalonia E-08193Spain

Plastics are ubiquitous. Their role as a cost-effective, chemically stable, versatile multipurpose material precluded early attempts to regulate plastic wastes and facilitated the, now widespread, planetary contamination. Left to slow UV decay and thermooxidative weathering, large plastics chip away into less than 5 mm fragments, or microplastics, which, in turn, can degrade further into nanoplastics. In the manufacturing process, several components,such as catalysts, solvents, stabilizers。

关键词：纳米塑料 plastics 人体健康

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Seed loss before seed predation: experimental evidence of the negative effects of leaf feeding insects on acorn production

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 238-250页

作者： Tara CANELO Álvaro GAYTÁN Guillermo GONZÁLEZ-BORNAY Raul BONAL Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DITEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain

Insect herbivory decreases plant fitness by constraining plant growth,survival and reproductive output.Most studies on the effects of herbivory in trees rely on correlational inter-individual comparisons and could,thus,be affected by confounding factors linked to both herbivory and plant performance.Using the Mediterranean Holm oak(Quercus ilex)as a study model,we followed an experimental approach in which leaf-feeding insects(mainly Lepidoptera caterpillars)were excluded from some shoots in all study trees.Shoots subjected to herbivore exclusion exhibited lower defoliation rates and produced more acorns than control shoots.Defoliation constrained shoot growth throughout the study period,but had no effect on the number of female flowers produced per shoot.Acorn production was,however,lower in control shoots due to their higher abortion rates,and also to their greater mortality risk during summer drought,as shoots with fewer leaves were less likely to survive.Plant reaction to herbivory inhibits certain physiological pathways involved in plant growth,which,together with the effects of physical damage,reduces the amount and efficiency of the photosynthetic tissue.This increases their vulnerability to environmental stresses,such as water deficit,which limit resource assimilation.Defoliation is likely a key factor affecting oak regeneration,as it may be a significant source of seed loss prior to pre-dispersal acorn predation.Further experimental studies could help to elucidate its effects in contrasting environments.In Mediterranean regions,the harsher droughts predicted by climate change models could worsen the effects of insect herbivory on oak reproductive output.

关键词： drought stress insect defoliation oak seed abortion shoot mortality