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Maternal investment and reproductive success in Chinese water deer

Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 102-110页

作者： Christiane MAUGET Robert MAUGET cnrs-umr 5173/mnhn-usm 305 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle57 rue Cuvier75231 Paris Cedex 05France

Among cervids,maternal investment,estimated as the amount of resources and care allocated to the offspring,was expected to be related to species body size. Therefore,maternal investment in a herd of captive Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis,a relatively small species of cervid,was investigated over 3 years. Except during the lactation period,reproductive females spent about 2-fold more time resting than feeding. During lactation,the amount of time spent feeding increased highly (25.3 min/h during lactation vs 17.3 min/h during the gestation period). Females spent less than 30% of time in communal behaviours with offspring. They did not reject alien fawns during this care period. Frequency and duration of suckling events decreased exponentially from the second week onwards. More than 10% of suckling bouts were non-filial. Prenatal investment leads to a mean litter mass (about 12% of maternal mass) higher than in most cervid species. Postnatal investment in fawns represents a daily mass gain of ca. 85 g/d during the first 2 weeks,without any sexual difference. Female production,timing and synchrony of births and survival of fawns characterized reproductive success. Seventy percent of mature females gave birth,with a mean of 1.9 offspring per female. The sex ratio was even. Births were synchronous,80% of births occurring in 25 days. In this herd,0.74 fawn per female was successfully weaned and 0.56 fawn per female survived through their first year. Based on these results we conclude that reproductive strategy of Chinese water deer was efficient and characterized by mother-offspring relationships typical of hiders and high levels of pre-and postnatal investments. This strategy seems typical of small species of cervids without marked sexual dimorphism.

关键词： Chinese water deer Reproductive investment Maternal care Time-budget Growth Fawn survival

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Thermospheric neutral wind studies over the equatorial region:A review

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 81-100页

作者： Siti Syazwani Nasuha Idahwati Sarudin Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid Ahmad Fairuz Omar School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPulau PinangMalaysia Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Space Science Centre(ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangesUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia

Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several ***,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still *** ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric ***,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain *** address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different *** low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip *** neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the ***,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be *** review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.

关键词： thermospheric neutral wind thermosphere-ionosphere system dip equator equatorial region

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Evaluation of current and temperature effects on optical performance of InGaAlP thin-film SMD LED mounted on different substrate packages

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第7期26卷 454-460页

作者： Muna E.Raypah Mutharasu Devarajan Fauziah Sulaiman School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

The relationship between the photometric, electric, and thermal parameters of light-emitting diodes（LEDs） is important for optimizing the LED illumination design. Indium gallium aluminium phosphide（InGaAlP）-based thin-film surface-mounted device（SMD） LEDs have attracted wide attention in research and development due to their portability and miniaturization. We report the optical characterization of InGaAlP thin-film SMD LED mounted on FR4, 2 W, and 5 W aluminum（Al） packages. The optical and thermal parameters of LED are determined at different injection currents and ambient temperatures by combining the T3ster（thermal transient tester） and TeraL ED（thermal and radiometric characterization of power LEDs） systems. Analysis shows that LED on a 5 W Al substrate package obtains the highest luminous and optical efficiency.

关键词： light-emitting diodes(LEDs) surface-mounted device(SMD) InGaAlP luminous efficiency

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Electrooxidation of hydroquinone on simply prepared Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第6期56卷 746-754页

作者： ETESAMI Mohammad KAROONIAN Fatemeh Salehi MOHAMED Norita School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

A facile method was used to prepare gold-platinum （Au-Pt） catalysts by direct electrodeposition via cyclic voltammetry in an acidic medium. Various parameters that affect the properties of electrodeposited catalysts were investigated such as initial ap- plied potential, scan rate and deposition time. Initial applied potential plays a more important role in the preparation of bime- tallic nanoparticles （AuPtNPs） since the kinetics of electrodeposition is in competition with the rate of hydrogen evolution. The AuPtNPs electrodeposited on pencil graphite （PG） were used to study the electrooxidation of hydroquinone. Various parame- ters such as pH, scan rate, concentration of hydroquinone and temperature were studied in the electrooxidation process. Ap- parent activation energy （Ea） for the electrooxidation of hydroquinone, calculated from the Arrhenius plot, shows that AuPtNPs catalysts （electrodeposited on the PG） offer less activation energy （ca. 9.500 kJ mo1-1） than the bare PG （ca. 10.345 kJ mol-1）. The AuPtNPs/PG shows better catalytic performance than the PG electrode due to the greater surface area it provides, thus re- sulting in more active sites available for adsorption of hydroquinone molecules on the surface of the catalyst.

关键词： bimetallic catalyst nanoparticles electrooxidation hydroquinone

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IPv6 Protocol Analyzer

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计算机工程 2002年第S1期28卷 22-27页

作者： Zaiyatul Hijah Abdul Majid, Rahmat Budiarto, Azman Samsudin, Sureswaran Ramadass (Network Research Group, School of Computer Science,University Sains Malaysia,11800 Minden,Penang,Malaysia,zaiyatul@nrg.cs.usm.my, (rahmat,azman,sures)@cs.usm.my) Network Research Group School of Computer Science University Sains Malaysia 11800 MindenPenang Malaysia zaiyatul nrg. Cs.usm.my (rahmatazmansures) @cs.usm.my

With the emerging of next generation Internet protocol (IPv6), it is expected to replace the current version of Internet protocol (IPv4) that will be exhausted in the near future. Besides providing adequate address space, some other new features are included into the new 128 bits of IP such as IP auto configuration, quality of service, simple routing capability, security, mobility and multicasting. The current protocol analyzer will not be able to handle IPv6 packets. This paper will focus on developing protocol analyzer that decodes IPv6 packet. IPv6 protocol analyzer is an application module,which is able to decode the IPv6 packet and provide detail breakdown of the construction of the packet. It has to understand the detail construction of the IPv6, andprovide a high level abstraction of bits and bytes of the IPv6 *** it increases network administrators’ understanding of a network protocol,helps he/she in solving protocol related problem in a IPv6 network environment.;

关键词： IPv6IPv4Protocol analyzer

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The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 113-119页

作者： Dan Zhu Khai-Ming Wong Guo-Quan Wong School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia

We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) *** monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/*** positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower *** Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(W)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ *** magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and *** total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.

关键词： magnetic monopole Cho-Maison monopole Weinberg-Salam model

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Effect of substrate temperature on the morphological,structural,and optical properties of RF sputtered Ge(1-x)Snx films on Si substrate

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第5期26卷 313-318页

作者： H Mahmodi M R Hashim Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Pulau Penang Malaysia Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR) Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Pulau Penang Malaysia

In this study, Ge（1-x）Snx alloy films are co-sputtered on Si（100） substrates using RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures. Scanning electron micrographs, atomic force microscopy（AFM）, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy（XPS） are conducted to investigate the effect of substrate temperature on the structural and optical properties of grown Ge Sn alloy films. AFM results show that RMS surface roughness of the films increases from 1.02 to 2.30 nm when raising the substrate temperature. This increase could be due to Sn surface segregation that occurs when raising the substrate temperature. Raman spectra exhibits the lowest FWHM value and highest phonon intensity for a film sputtered at 140℃. The spectra show that decreasing the deposition temperature to 140℃ improves the crystalline quality of the alloy films and increases nanocrystalline phase formation. The results of Raman spectra and XPS confirm Ge–Sn bond formation. The optoelectronic characteristics of fabricated metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on sputtered samples at room temperature（RT） and 140℃ are studied in the dark and under illumination. The sample sputtered at 140℃ performs better than the RT sputtered sample.

关键词： sputtering magnetron illumination crystalline raising roughness optoelectronic phonon segregation FWHM

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Numerical Simulations of One-Directional Fractional Pharmacokinetics Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4923-4934页

作者： Nursyazwani Mohamad Noor Siti Ainor Mohd Yatim Nur Intan Raihana Ruhaiyem School of Distance Education Universiti Sains MalaysiaUSM PenangPenang11800Malaysia School of Computer Science Universiti Sains MalaysiaUSM PenangPenang11800Malaysia

In this paper,we present a three-compartment of pharmacokinetics model with irreversible rate *** compartment consists of arterial blood,tissues and venous ***’s principle and the law of mass action were used to develop the model based on the diffusion *** model is modified into a fractional pharmacokinetics model with the sense of Caputo *** existence and uniqueness of the model are investigated and the positivity of the model is *** behaviour of the model is investigated by implementing numerical algorithms for the numerical solution of the system of fractional differential *** software is used to plot the graphs for illustrating the variation of drug concentration concerning ***,the numerical simulations of the model are presented for different values ofαwhich verified the theoretical ***,we also observed the pattern of the simulations at the three-compartment of the model by using different values of initial conditions.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics model Irreversible rate Fractional order Numerical simulations

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Geospatial and clinical analyses on pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 213-220页

作者： Nik Hisamuddin Rahman Ruslan Rainis Syed Hatim Noor Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohamad Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medical Sciences USM Kota Bharu 16150 Malaysia School of Humanity USM Penang Malaysia Unit of Biostatistics School of Medical Sciences USM Kota Bharu 16150 Malaysia Unit of Health Informatics School of Health Sciences USM Kota Bharu 16150 Malaysia

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to utilize the geographical information system(GIS) software and perform the spatial analysis in relation to clinical data for road traffi c injury(RTI) pediatric cases attending the emergency ***: The study sample included pediatric patients(age less than 18 years) with roadrelated injuries within a district in Malaysia who attended emergency departments of two tertiary hospitals within the district. In addition to injury, pre-hospital care and outcome data, the coordinate of the locations were obtained by the ambulance paramedics by using portable handheld GPS unit brand Garmin? model GPS 72 H. The data was transferred into the excel format which in turn underwent GIS analysis by using ARCGIS?(by ESRI) software version 10.1 licensed to the study ***: A total of 102(24.8%) of all motor vehicle crash(MVC) victims involved the pediatric age group(age 18 years and below). The mean(SD) age of the pediatric victims was 14.30 years(SD 3.830). Male comprised of 68(66.7%) of the cases. Motorcyclists [88(88.0%)] were the most common type of victims involved. Interestingly, the majority of the severely injured victims [75(73%)] sustained the RTI on roads with maximum speed limit of 60 km/hour. The mean(SD) length of hospital stay was 7.83 days(5.59).CONCLUSION: The pediatric related road traffic injury in Malaysia causes significant health and social burden in the country. This study showed both important clinical and geographical factors that need to be taken into consideration for future preventive action.

关键词： Pediatric Injury Road safety Geospatial Geographical information system

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Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in cancerous and normal colonic tissues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 4973-4980页

作者： Lay-Harn Gam Chiuan-Herng Leow Che Nin Man Boon-Hui Gooi Manjit Singh School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia National Poison Centre Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia Department of Surgery Penang General Hospital Penang Malaysia

AIM： To identify and analyze the differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous tissues of four patients suffering from colon cancer. METHODS： Colon tissues （normal and cancerous） were homogenized and the proteins were extracted using three protein extraction buffers. The extraction buffers were used in an orderly sequence of increasing extraction strength for proteins with hydrophobic properties. The protein extracts were separated using the SDS-PAGE method and the images were captured and analyzed using Quantity One software. The target protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion with trypsin and finally analyzed using an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS： A total of 50 differentially expressed proteins in colonic cancerous and normal tissues were identified. CONCLUSION： Many of the identified proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of similar or other types of cancers. However, some of the identified proteins have not been reported before. In addition, a number of hypothetical proteins were also identified.

关键词： Colon cancer Tissue specimens Sequentia protein extraction Proteomics

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