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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 167-179页

作者： Agata Gallipoli Camilla MBraguglia Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecchio Pamela Pagliaccia Water Research Institute IRSA-cnr Area Della Ricerca RM100015 MonterotondoRomaItaly

Biowaste valorization through anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to achieve both climate protection goals and renewable energy *** this paper,a complete set of batch trials was carried out on kitchen waste to investigate the effects of mild thermal pretreatment,temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum *** pretreatment was effective in the solubilisation of macromolecular fractions,particularly *** ability of the theoretical methodologies in estimating hydrogen and methane yields of complex substrates was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical *** the single batch configuration,a significant initial hydrogen production was observed,prior to methane *** pretreatment effect was the gain in hydrogen production;the extent was highly variable according to the other parameters *** hydrogen yields,up to 113 mL H2/g VSfed,were related to the prompt transformation of soluble *** regimen resulted,as expected,in faster digestions(up to 78 mL CH4/gVS/day) and sorted out pH *** relatively low methane yields(342-398 mL CH4/g VSfed) were the result of the consistent lignocellulosic content and low lipid *** pretreatment proved to be a promising option for the enhancement of hydrogen production in food waste dark fermentation.

关键词： Kitchen waste Hydrogen Methane Thermal pretreatment Kinetics Thermophilic regimen

Unveiling the detection dynamics of semiconductor nanowire photodetectors by terahertz near-field nanoscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 184-195页

作者： Eva A.A.Pogna Mahdi Asgari Valentina Zannier Lucia Sorba Leonardo Viti Miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly

Semiconductor nanowire field-effect transistors represent a promising platform for the development of roomtemperature(RT)terahertz(THz)frequency light detectors due to the strong nonlinearity of their transfer characteristics and their remarkable combination of low noise-equivalent powers(100 V/W).Nano-engineering an NW photodetector combining high sensitivity with high speed(subns)in the THz regime at RT is highly desirable for many frontier applications in quantum optics and nanophotonics,but this requires a clear understanding of the origin of the *** electrical and optical measurements,however,cannot unambiguously determine the dominant detection mechanism due to inherent device asymmetry that allows different processes to be simultaneously ***,we innovatively capture snapshots of the photo-response of individual InAs nanowires via high spatial resolution(35 nm)THz photocurrent *** coupling a THz quantum cascade laser to scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy(s-SNOM)and monitoring both electrical and optical readouts,we simultaneously measure transport and scattering *** spatially resolved electric response provides unambiguous signatures of photo-thermoelectric and bolometric currents whose interplay is discussed as a function of photon density and material doping,therefore providing a route to engineer photo-responses by design.

关键词： scattering quantum frontier

CREEP BEHAVIOR MODELING OF UDIMET 720Li SUPERALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第1期18卷 65-73页

作者： V.Lupinc M.Maldini L.Z.Zhou J.T.Guo Isfitutoperl＇EnergedcaeperleInterfasi ConsigfioNazionaledelleRicercheCNR-IENI20125MilanItaly Isfitutoperl＇EnergedcaeperleInterfasi ConsigfioNazionaledelleRicercheCNR-IENI20125MilanItaly／／InstituteofMetalResearchTheChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016China InstituteofMetalResearch TheChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016China

Constant load creep tests on isothermally forged Udimet 720Li, an advanced superalloy for gas turbine disc application, were run in the stress/temperature field 900-450MPa/650-700 ℃ producing rupture times in the 20-5000h range. The creep curves have shown a predominant accelerating creep stage, that has been described by the following equation: where ε min depends on stress and temperature, while parameter C depends mainly on stress. A strain dependent damage, defined by the parameter C, causes the accelerating creep stage at stresses lower than 750MPa, whilst its contribution to the creep strain acceleration is less important at higher stresses. The model rationalizes the different behaviors at high and low stress and has been validated with variable stress and temperature creep behavior.

关键词： Udimet 720Li creep creep curve shape creep damage

A novel approach for manufacturing of layered,ultra-refractory composites using pliable,short fibre-reinforced ceramic sheets

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第1期12卷 155-168页

作者： Matteo MOR Antonio VINCI Simone FAILLA Pietro GALIZIA Luca ZOLI Diletta SCITI ISSMC-cnr Institute of ScienceTechnology and Sustainability for CeramicsVia Granarolo 6448018 Faenza(RA)Italy

A new additive technique for manufacturing of short fibre-reinforced ultra-refractory ceramics is *** technique allows the fabrication of solvent-free,thin(~100µm),flexible,and easy-to-handle sheets suitable for fabricating homogeneous or layered structures.A large range of compositions,in terms of matrix and fibre volumetric contents,from 0%to 100%is *** amount of short carbon fibres incorporated in the sheets ranged from 20 to 50 vol%,whereas the fibre length ranged from 3 to 5 *** matrix composition investigated with this technique consisted of ZrB_(2)/SiC/Y_(2)O_(3).By increasing the fibre amount from 35 to 50 vol%,an improvement of mechanical properties was ***-point flexural strength(σ)ranged from 107 to 140 MPa,depending on the amount of carbon fibres(Cf).The same holds true for the work of fracture,ranging from 108 to 253 J/m^(2).Functionally graded composites were fabricated by overlapping sheets with a fibre gradient(0%-50%).

关键词： ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTCs) ceramic matrix composites(CMCs) short carbon fibres mechanical properties

Sorbents with high efficiency for CO2 capture based on amines-supported carbon for biogas upgrading

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第10期28卷 138-150页

作者： Lidia Pino Cristina Italiano Antonio Vita Concetto Fabiano Vincenzo Recupero cnr Institute of Aduanced Technology for Energy "Nicola Giordano" Via S. Lucia 5 98126 Messina Italy

Sorbents for CO2 capture have been prepared by wet impregnation of a commercial active carbon （Ketjen-black, Akzo Nobel） with two CO2-philic compounds, polyethylenimine （PEI） and tetraethylenepentamine （TEPA）, respectively. The effects of amine amount （from 10 to 70 wt.%）, CO2 concentration in the feed, sorption temperature and gas hourly space velocity on the CO2 capture performance have been investigated. The sorption capacity has been evaluated using the breakthrough method, with a fixed bed reactor equipped with on line gas chromatograph. The samples have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray （SEM/EDX）. A promising CO2 sorption capacity of 6.90 mmo1/gsorbent has been obtained with 70 wt.% of supported TEPA at 70℃ under a stream containing 80 vol% of CO2. Sorption tests, carried out with simulated biogas compositions （CH4/CO2 mixtures）, have revealed an appreciable CO2 separation selectivity; stable performance was maintained for 20 adsorption-desorption cycles.

关键词： CO2 capturePEI-TEPA based sorbentsAmine efficiencyBiogasSeparation selectivity

Microglia-oligodendrocyte intercellular communication: role of extracellular vesicle lipids in functional signalling

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1194-1195页

作者： Alice Gualerzi Marta Lombardi Claudia Verderio IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi MilanItaly cnr Institute of Neuroscience MilanItaly

The term microglia refers to the group of resident brain immune-cells that are responsible,mainly,for the immune response and the homeostasis of the *** monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain,microglia are longlived cells which arise exclusively from the embryonic yolk sac(Stratoulias et al.,2019).Impairment in microglia functions is at the basis for the development of multiple brain diseases,including multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative *** the last decade,the number of research articles and reviews dealing with the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of brain disorders has exponentially increased.

关键词： al. homeostasis diseases

Insular mammalian fauna dynamics and paleogeography:A lesson from the Western Mediterranean islands

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 2-20页

作者： Maria Rita PALOMBO Department of Earth Science Sapienza University of RomeRomaItaly cnr-IGAG Monterotondo(Roma)Italy

Since the time of Darwin(1859)and Wallace(1869),islands have been regarded by scientists as a prime target for scrutinizing the forces that may influence evolution and diversification and important elements in biogeographic *** research aims to scrutinize whether and to what extent the composition and structure of past mammal insular faunas and their changes through time may provide sound clues for inferring the paleogeographical evolution of a *** a case study,I critically analyzed the dynamics shown by the Plio-Pleistocene mammalian fauna of 3 Western Mediterranean insular districts,the Balearic Islands,Sardinia and Sicily,each characterized by its own peculiar paleobiogeographical evolutionary *** revision of faunas and the critical analysis of the dispersal ability of the ancestors of island settlers have allowed hypothesizing on the time and mode of island *** results obtained confirm that the early isolation of the Balearic Islands from the mainland led to the establishment of an endemic fauna since the pre-Messinian Miocene(?Astaracian European Land Mammal Age,MN7/8),and that Sardinia has definitely been isolated since the Pliocene,although dispersal events led to some faunal turnovers during the *** addition,the results suggest for Sicily a complex,still imperfectly disentangled history of alternate phases of complete separation and sporadic,more or less difficult connections with southern Italy.

关键词： dispersal islands mammal Plio–Pleistocene Western Mediterranean

Trichoderma harzianum enhances tomato indirect defense against aphids

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1025-1033页

作者： Mariangela Coppola Pasquale Cascone Maria Luisa Chiusano Chiara Colantuono Matteo Lorito Francesco Pennacchio Rosa Rao Sheridan Lois Woo Emilio Guerrieri Maria Cristina Digilio Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Portici Italy cnr--IPSP Portici Italy

Many fungal root symbionts of the genus Trichoderma are well-known for their beneficial effects on agronomic performance and protection against plant pathogens; moreover, they may enhance protection from insect pests, by triggering plant resistance mechanisms. Defense barriers against insects are induced by the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the production of defense-related plant compounds, either directly active against herbivore insects, or exerting an indirect effect, by increasing the attrac- tion of herbivore natural enemies. In a model system composed of the tomato plant, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae and the parasitoid Aphidius ervi, plant metabolic changes induced by Trichoderma harzianum and their effects on higher trophic levels have been assessed. T. harzianum T22 treatments induce a primed state that upon aphid attacks leads to an increased attraction of aphid parasitoids, mediated by the enhanced produc- tion of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） that are known to induce Aphidius ervi flight. Transcriptome sequencing of T22-treated plants infested by aphids showed a remarkable upregulation of genes involved in terpenoids biosynthesis and salicylic acid pathway, which are consistent with the observed flight response ofA. ervi and the VOC bouquet profile underlying this behavioral response.

关键词： defense gene defense priming Macrosiphum euphorbiae multitrophic interactions transcriptome VOCs

Occurrence and patterns of nutritional traits and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sea cucumber(Holothuria poli)tissues:benefits and risk for human health

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第2期6卷 287-309页

作者： Francesca Biandolino Isabella Parlapiano Lucia Spada Antonella Di Leo Maria Calo Giovanni Fanelli Ermelinda Prato Santina Giandomenico cnr-IRSA National Research CouncilWater Research Institute--Via Roma 3TarantoItaly

Objectives:The paper evaluates the benefit and risk for human health associated with consumption of sea cucumber Holothuria poli(*** from Italian coasts(Central Mediterranean Sea).Materials and Methods:Body wall(BW),internal tunic(ITu),muscle bands(MBs),alimentary canal(AC),gonad(Gd),and respiratory tree(RT)of *** were analyzed for proximate ***,amino acids(AAs),fatty acids(FAs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar bons(PAHs)were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UPLC UV/Vis),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),***:Differences in the contents of total amino acids(TAAs)occurred based on tissue and sex,with AC and MB of female and Gd of male showing higher contents(range 47.8-60.2 g/kg we weight(ww)).Glycine and glutamic acid were the most *** fatty acid(PUFA)was the major class of FAs and arachidonic acid and eicosapentenoic acid(EPA)were the predominant PUFA.n-3 PUFA showed higher content in Gd,AC,and RT,indicating higher quality.A favorable n-3/n-6 in the range of 1.04-1.67 was *** showed values ranging from 23 to 207μg/kg ww with the highest levels in Gd and AC tissues and the lower in ***[alpyrene,the most toxic compound,was detected in all tissues,of both sexes,at levels of 1.5-18μg/kg ***:All tissues of ***,although with differences among them,are valuable food and can contribute for a healthy *** cancer risk(CR)values for Gd and AC tissues were above the considerable CR threshold of one in 10000 established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)for high ingestion rate of this seafood.

关键词： Holothuria poli,nutitional quality polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons risk assessment estimated weekly intake cancer risk

Defective autophagy and Alzheimer’s disease: is calcium the key?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2081-2082页

作者： Riccardo Filadi Paola Pizzo Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua and Neuroscience Institute-Italian National Research Council (CNR)

Presenilins and autophagy: Presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are homologous, multi-pass transmembrane proteins endowed with pleiotropic functions, ranging from the regulation of membrane trafficking to cell differentiation. Their catalytic activity within the γ-secretase complex, an aspartyl-protease responsible for the intramembrane cleavage of several different type I transmembrane proteins, has been intensively studied in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, tens of autosomal dominant mutations in the PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes (encoding PS1 and PS2, respectively) have been associated with the rare familial forms of AD (FAD).

关键词： Alzheimer is cell tens has PS1 PS2