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Effects of environmental variability and offspring growth on the movement ecology of breeding Scopoli＇s shearwater Calonectris diomedea

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 622-630页

作者： Jacopo G. CECERE Giorgia GAIBANI Simona IMPERIO ISPRA- institute for Environmental Protection and Research Ozzano dell'Emilia Italy Conservation Department LIPU-BirdLife Italy Parma Italy ISAC-cnr - institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Torino Italy

Most seabird species display colonial behavior during the breeding period which implies that food resources around breeding sites can easily go depleted. Seabirds need to both reach profitable areas, which can be located far from the colony, and return to the colony regularly. In this context, flexibility in movement behavior may be crucial for breeding success. During chick-rearing, Procellariformes species can alternate short trips lasting 1-4 days for chick provisioning with longer trips for self-provisioning in what has been called a dual-foraging strategy. We analyzed foraging trips from 136 Scopoli＇s shearwaters from three Mediterranean colonies tracked with GPS during 6 chick-rearing seasons to assess whether the adoption of a dual fo- raging strategy depends on the quality of habitat surrounding the colony. We found a marked dual-foraging strategy only in birds from the Linosa colony which was the largest colony in terms of breeding pairs and was characterized by having a lower marine habitat quality. Birds from this colony performed foraging trips that extended up to 369 km from the nest and lasted more than 10 days. In general, the decision to perform long lasting trips was triggered by lower values of primary production and higher offspring weight. Contrary to expectation, the decision to feed far from the colony was not related to the parents＇ weight. At the same time, despite the higher productivity offered by distant areas, the higher proportion of long trips performed by birds breeding in poor areas was not sufficient to maintain the same body mass as the ones breeding in richer areas [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 622-630, 2014].

关键词： Cory's shearwater Dual foraging strategy GPS tracking Procellariformes Seabird

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Efficacy of penile low-intensity shockwave treatment for erectile dysfunction:correlation with the severity of cavernous artery disease

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第5期23卷 462-467页

作者： Nicola Caretta Maurizio De Rocco Ponce Nadia Minicuci Ilaria De Santis Pierfrancesco Palego Andrea Garolla Carlo Foresta Department of Medicine University of PadovaPadova 35128Italy cnr Neuroscience InstitutePadova 35128Italy Foresta Foundation Onlus for Biomedical Research Padova 35128Italy

We analyzed the efficacy of penile low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave treatment for erectile dysfunction(ED)combined with cavernous artery disease(CAD).ED was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function,subdividing patients into mild and moderate/severe *** was assessed using penile color Doppler ***(n=111)with a positive outcome after treatment,based upon the minimal clinically important difference of the International Index of ED,were followed up for 3 months and 6 *** found a significant mean increase in the index of erectile function,with an overall improvement in hemodynamic parameters of the cavernous *** particular,93.9%of the patients with mild ED without CAD responded to treatment and 72.7%resumed normal erectile *** 31.2%of the patients with moderate/severe ED and CAD responded to treatment,and none resumed normal erectile *** patients with mild ED and no CAD maintained the effects of therapy after 3 months,while no patients with moderate/severe ED and CAD maintained the benefits of treatment after 3 ***,patients with mild ED and no CAD have better and longer lasting responses to such treatment,with a higher probability of resuming normal erectile function than patients with moderate/severe ED and CAD.

关键词： cavernous artery disease erectile dysfunction extracorporeal shockwave therapy International Index of Erectile Dysfunction penile color Doppler ultrasound

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Olive fruits infested with olive fly larvae respond with an ethylene burst and the emission of specific volatiles

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 413-425页

作者： Fiammetta Alagna Mario Kallenbach Andrea Pompa Francesca De Marchis Rosa Rao Ian T.Baldwin Gustavo Bonaventure Luciana Baldoni cnr-institute of Biosciences and Bioresources(IBBR) Perugia 06128Italy Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute of Chemical EcologyJena 07745Germany Department of Agronomy University of Naples"Federico II"80055 PorticiItaly

Olive fly（Bactrocera oleae R.） is the most harmful insect pest of olive（Olea europaea L.） which strongly affects fruits and oil production. Despite the expanding economic importance of olive cultivation, up to now, only limited information on plant responses to B. oleae is available. Here,we demonstrate that olive fruits respond to B. oleae attack by producing changes in an array of different defensive compounds including phytohormones, volatile organic compounds（VOCs）, and defense proteins. Bactrocera oleaeinfested fruits induced a strong ethylene burst and transcript levels of several putative ethylene-responsive transcription factors became significantly upregulated. Moreover, infested fruits induced significant changes in the levels of 12-oxophytodienoic acid and C12 derivatives of the hydroperoxide lyase. The emission of VOCs was also changed quantitatively and qualitatively in insect-damaged fruits, indicating that *** larval feeding can specifically affect the volatile blend offruits. Finally, we show that larval infestation maintained high levels of trypsin protease inhibitors in ripe fruits, probably by affecting post-transcriptional mechanisms. Our results provide novel and important information to understand the response of the olive fruit to B. oleae attack; information that can shed light onto potential new strategies to combat this pest.

关键词： Bactrocera oleae biotic stress Olea europaea phytohormones plant defense volatile organic compounds

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Optical and morphological properties of InGaAs/AlGaAs self-assembled quantum dot nanostructures for 980 nm room temperature emission

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Optoelectronics Letters 2007年第3期3卷 161-164页

作者： G. Trevisi P. Frigeri M. Minelli P. Allegri V. Avanzini S. Franchi cnr -IMEM institute Parco delle Scienze 37aI-43100 ParmaItaly

This work deals with the study of optical and morphological properties of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot(QD) structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) . Photoluminescence(PL) emission energies,activation energies of PL quenching and QD sizes are studied as functions of the Al content in the AlyGa1-yAs confining layers(CL) . We show that the PL emission energy of In(Ga) As/AlyGa1-yAs QD structures increases with increasing y and that the sizes of InAs/AlyGa1-yAs QDs decrease with increasing y. By the comparison of the experimental results with those of an effective-mass model developed to calculate the QD fundamental transition energies,we show that the blueshift of emission energy has to be ascribed not only to the increase in barrier discontinuities that confine the carriers into QDs but even to effects related to changes of the QD morphology dependent on CL composition. Moreover,we show that the Al content in the barriers determines also the activation energy of thermal quenching of PL,which depends on the thermal escape of carriers from QD levels. These studies resulted in the preparation of structures with efficient light-emission in the 980 nm spectral window of interest for lightwave communications.

关键词： InGaAs AIGaAs 自组装量子点纳米结构室温发光光学性质形态

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Comprehensive lumped parameter and multibody approach for the dynamic simulation of agricultural tractors with tyre–soil interaction

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2023年第3期5卷 1-23页

作者： Massimo Martelli Damiano Chiarabelli Silvia Gessi Pietro Marani Emiliano Mucchi Marco Polastri institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility CNR‐STEMSNational Research CouncilFerraraItaly Department of Engineering University of FerraraFerraraItaly

Modern agricultural tractors are complex systems,in which multiple physical(and technological)domains interact to reach a wide set of competing goals,including work operational performance and energy *** complexity translates to the dynamic,multi‐domain simulation models implemented to serve as digital twins,for rapid prototyping and effective pre‐tuning,prior to bench and on‐field ***,a suitable simulation framework should have the capability to focus both on the vehicle as a whole and on individual *** each of the latter,multiple options should be available,with different levels of detail,to properly address the relevant phenomena,depending on the specific focus,for an optimal balance between accuracy and computation *** methodology proposed here by the authors is based on the lumped parameter approach and integrates the models for the following subsystems in a modular context:internal combustion engine,hydromechanical transmission,vehicle body,and tyre–soil *** model is completed by a load cycle module that generates stimulus time histories to reproduce the work load under real operating *** capability is affected by vertical load on the wheels,which is even more relevant if the vehicle is travelling on an uncompacted soil and subject to a variable drawbar pull force as it is when *** vertical load is,in turn,heavily affected by vehicle dynamics,which can be accurately modelled via a full multibody *** presented lumped parameter model is intended as a powerful simulation tool to evaluate tractor performance,both in terms of fuel consumption and traction dynamics,by considering the cascade phenomena from the wheel–ground interaction to the engine,passing through the dynamics of vehicle bodies and their mass *** capabilities and numerical results are presented for the simulation of a realistic ploughing operation.

关键词： agricultural tractor digital twin lumped parameter simulation,multibody powertrain tyre-soil interaction

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One decade(2011–2020)of European agricultural water stress monitoring by MSG-SEVIRI:workflow implementation on the Virtual Earth Laboratory(VLab)platform

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 730-747页

作者： Bagher Bayat Carsten Montzka Alexander Graf Gregory Giuliani Mattia Santoro Harry Vereecken institute of Bio-and Geosciences:Agrosphere (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE labUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly

Cloud computing facilities can provide crucial computing support for processing the time series of satellite data and exploiting their spatio-temporal information ***,dedicated efforts are still required to develop workflows,executable on cloud-based platforms,for ingesting the satellite data,performing the targeted processes,and generating the desired *** this study,an operational workflow is proposed,based on monthly Evaporative Stress Index(ESI)anomaly,and implemented in cloud-based online Virtual Earth Laboratory(VLab)platform,as a demonstration,to monitor European agricultural water *** this end,daily time-series of actual and reference evapotranspiration(ETa and ET0),from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager(SEVIRI)sensor,were used to execute the proposed workflow successfully on *** execution of the workflow resulted in obtaining one decade(2011–2020)of European monthly agricultural water stress maps at 0.04˚spatial resolution and corresponding stress reports for each *** support open science,all the workflow outputs are stored in GeoServer,documented in GeoNetwork,and made available through *** enables creating a dashboard for better visualization of the results for *** results from this study demonstrate the capability of VLab platform for water stress detection from time series of SEVIRI-ET data.

关键词： ET SEVIRI ESI water stress workflow Europe VLab demonstration

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Energy and Water Balance at Soil-Air Interface in a Sahelian Region

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 897-909页

作者： Minwei Qian, N. Loglisci, C. Cassardo, A. Longhetto, C. Giraud Department of General Physics, University of Turin, Italy institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, institute of Cosmo-Geophysics, National Research Counci Department of General Physics University of Turin Turin Italy institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China ICSC-World Laboratory Lausanne Switzerland institute of Cosmo-Geophysics National Research Council (CNR) Turin Italy

The aim of this work is an improvement of the parameterization of the soil moisture in the scheme of the Land Surface Process Model (LSPM) for applications over desert areas. In fact, in very dry conditions, the water vapour flux plays an important role in the evaporation processes and influences the underground profiles of humidity and temperature. The improved version of soil moisture parameterization in the LSPM scheme has been checked by using the data taken from the database of the field experiment HAPEX-Sahel (Hydrology-Atmosphere Pilot Experiment in the Sahel, 1990-1992). Model simulations refer to three dif- ferent stations located in Niger (Fallow, Millet and Tiger sites) where input data for LSPM and observations were simultaneously available. The results of simulations, taking into account the water vapour flux in the soil model LSPM, seem to compare better with the observed behaviour of soil moisture and turbulent heat fluxes than those overlooking the water vapour flux, confirming the great importance of the water vapour in such dry conditions.

关键词： Drought Heavy rain Water vapour Soil moisture Evaporation LSPM SVAT HAPEX Sahel Niger

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Electrical probing of carrier separation in InAs/InP/GaAsSb core-dualshell nanowires

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 1065-1070页

作者： Sedighe Salimian Omer Arif Valentina Zannier Daniele Ercolani Francesca Rossi Zahra Sadre Momtaz Fabio Beltram Sefano Roddaro Francesco Rossella Lucia Sorba NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza S.Silvestro 121-56127 PisaItaly IMEM-cnr institute Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A43124 ParmaItaly Department of Physics"E.Fermi" Universita di PisaLargo Pontecorvo 31-56127 PisaItaly

We investigate the tunnel coupling between the outer p-type GaAsSb shell and the n-type InAs core in catalyst-free InAs/lnP/GaAsSb core-dualshell *** present a device fabrication protocol based on wet-etching processes on selected areas of the nanostructures that enables multiple configurations of measurements in the same nanowire-based device(***-shell,core-core and core-shell).Low-temperature(4.2 K)transport in the shell-shell configuration in nanowires with 5 nm-thick InP barrier reveals a weak negative differential ***,when the InP barrier thickness is increased to 10 nm,this negative differential resistance is fully *** electrical resistance between the InAs core and the GaAsSb shell,measured in core-shell configuration,is significantly higher with respect to the resistance of the InAs core and of the GaAsSb *** field effect,applied via a back-gate,has an opposite impact on the electrical transport in the core and in the shell *** results show that electron and hole free carriers populate the InAs and GaAsSb regions respectively and indicate InAs/InP/GaAsSb core-dualshell nanowires as an ideal system for the investigation of the physics of interacting electrons and holes at the nanoscale.

关键词： core-dualshell nanowires charge carrier separation semiconductor nanowires nanoelectronics

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Controlling DNA Bundle Size and Spatial Arrangement in Selfassembled Arrays on Superhydrophobic Surface

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Nano-Micro Letters 2015年第2期7卷 146-151页

作者： Gabriele Ciasca Massimiliano Papi Valentina Palmieri Michela Chiarpotto Simone Di Claudio Adele De Ninno Ennio Giovine Gaetano Campi Annamaria Gerardino Luca Businaro Marco De Spirito Istituto di Fisica Universitá Cattolica SC L.go Francesco Vito 100168 Rome Italy Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-cnr Via Cineto Romano 42 00156 Rome Italy institute of Crystallography-cnr Via Salaria Km 290016 Monterotondo Rome Italy

The use of superhydrophobic surfaces(SHSs) is now emerging as an attractive platform for the realization of one-dimensional(1D) nanostructures with potential applications in many nanotechnological and biotechnological *** this purpose, a strict control of the nanostructures size and their spatial arrangement is highly required. However, these parameters may be strongly dependent on the complex evaporation dynamics of the sessile droplet on the SHS. In this work, we investigated the effect of the evaporation dynamics on the size and the spatial arrangement of self-assembled 1D DNA bundles. Our results reveal that different arrangements and bundle size distributions may occur depending on droplet evaporation stage. These results contribute to elucidate the formation mechanism of 1D nanostructures on SHSs.

关键词： Superhydrophobicity DNA array Cassie state Wenzel state 1D nanostructures Self-assembly

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Resonant Effects of FPL and SPP for Light Transmitting through Subwavelength Metallic Gratings

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第10期56卷 727-732页

作者：马佑桥周骏何苗 L.Petti P.Mormile Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceNingbo University Photonics Research Centre School of Electronic and Communications EngineeringDublin Institute of Technology institute of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology South China Normal University institute of Cybernetics of cnr Via Campi Flegrei 3480072-PozzuoliItaly

A new model is proposed to explain the physical mechanism of the extraordinary transmission enhancement in subwavelength metallic *** extraordinary transmission enhancement is described by the co-operation of Fabry-Perot-like(FPL) resonance and the surface plasmon polariton(SPP) *** rigorous coupled-wave analysis(RCWA) and the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method are employed to illustrate the model by calculating the transmission and the field distributions in the subwavelength metallic grating,*** the numerical calculations show that transmission enhancement is achieved when the coupling resonance of the incident light,the surface plasmon polariton mode and the Fabry-Perot-Like mode is happened,which are in good agreement with the proposed model.

关键词： gratings subwavelength structures optics at surfaces surface plasmons

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