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Propagation and Dispersion Characteristics of Scholte Wave in VTI Media with the Presence of Irregular Seabed

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 722-725页

作者： Xiaobo Liu Yun Wang Jianlei Zhang Haifeng Chen Hua Zhang School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Research&Development center BGP IncCNPCZhuozhou 072751China National Engineering Research center for oil and gas Exploration Computer Software Beijing 100080China

INTRODUCTION Surface waves propagating along the seafloor are general ly called Scholte waves,and were first discovered and studied in the early 1950s(Kugler et al.,2005;Buchen and Ben-Hador,1996).Scholte waves exhibit a dispersion phenomenon,which implies that their velocity varies with frequency.Low-frequency Scholte waves can propagate over long distances on the seabed with little attenuation(Bohlen et al.,2004).The particle mo tion of Scholte waves in a solid medium changes from a retro grade to a prograde ellipse(Klein et al.,2005;McMechan and Yedlin,1981).

关键词： seabed Dispersion implies

Evaluation of the injection and plugging ability of a novel epoxy resin in cement cracks

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1211-1220页

作者： Guang-Yao Leng Wei Yan Hai-Mu Ye Er-Dong Yao Ji-Bin Duan Zheng-Xian Xu Ke-Pei Li Jing-Ru Zhang Zhong Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource&Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China cnpc Liaohe oilfield gas Storage Co.LTD Panjin124000LiaoningChina CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing100028China

Sustained casing pressure(SCP)is a crucial issue in the oil and gas production lifecycle.Epoxy resins,exhibiting exceptional compressive strength,ductility,and shear bonding strength,have the potential to form reliable barriers.The injectivity and sealing capacity of the epoxy resin is crucial parameters for the success of shallow remediation operations.This study aimed to develop and assess a novel solid-free resin sealant as an alternative to Portland cement for mitigating fluid leakage.The investigation evaluated the viscosity,compressive strength,and brittleness index of the epoxy resin sealant,as well as its tangential and normal shear strengths in conjunction with casing steel.The flow characteristics and sealing abilities of conventional cement and epoxy resin were comparatively analyzed in cracks.The results showed that the application of a viscosity reducer facilitated control over the curing time of the epoxy resin,ranging from 1.5 to 6 h,and reduced the initial viscosity from 865.53 to 118.71 m Pa,s.The mechanical properties of the epoxy resin initially increased with a rise in curing agent content before experiencing a minor decrease.The epoxy resin containing 30%curing agent exhibited optimal mechanical properties.After a 14-day curing period,the epoxy resin's compressive strength reached81.37 MPa,2.12 times higher than that of cement,whereas the elastic modulus of cement was 2.99 times greater than that of the epoxy resin.The brittleness index of epoxy resin is only 3.42,demonstrating high flexibility and toughness.The tangential and normal shear strengths of the epoxy resin exceeded those of cement by 3.17 and 2.82 times,respectively.In a 0.5 mm-wide crack,the injection pressure of the epoxy resin remained below 0.075 MPa,indicating superior injection and flow capabilities.Conversely,the injection pressure of cement surged dramatically to 2.61 MPa within 5 min.The breakthrough pressure of0.5 PV epoxy resin reached 7.53 MPa,decreasing the crack's permeability to 0.02 D,a mere 9.49%of the permeabilit

关键词： Sustained casing pressure Epoxy resin sealant Curing agent Viscosity reducer Mechanical properties Crack sealing

Determining an optimal control strategy for anthropogenic VOC emissions in China based on source emissions and reactivity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 248-260页

作者： Ruipeng Wang Xiaoqi Wang Shuiyuan Cheng Jiaxian Zhu Xinyu Zhang Long Cheng Kai Wang Key Laboratory of beijing on Regional Air Pollution control Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

An evidence-based control strategy for emission reduction of VOC sources can effectively solve the regional PM2.5and O3compound pollution in China.We estimated the anthropogenic VOC emission inventory in China in 2018 and established a source profile database containing 129 sources based on localized detection and the latest research results.Then,the distribution of the ozone formation potential(OFP)and secondary organic aerosol formation potential(SOAFP)for emission sources was analyzed.Moreover,priority control routes for VOC emission sources were proposed for different periods.Anthropogenic VOC emissions in China reached 27,211.8 Gg in 2018,and small passenger cars,industrial protective coatings,biomass burning,heavy trucks,printing,asphalt paving,oil storage and transportation,coking,and oil refining were the main contributors.Industrial protective coatings,small passenger cars,and biomass burning all contributed significantly to OFP and SOAFP.Priority in emission reduction control should be given to industrial protective coatings,small passenger cars,heavy trucks,coking,printing,asphalt paving,chemical fibers,and basic organic chemical sources over the medium and long term in China.In addition,the priority control route for VOC emission sources should be adjusted according to the variations in VOC emission characteristics and regional differences,so as to obtain the maximum environmental benefits.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Anthropogenic emission inventory Reactivity Emission projection Priority control route

Evaluation of the Shallow gas Hydrate Production Based on the Radial Drilling-Heat Injection-Back Fill Method

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 119-128页

作者： CHEN Qiang WAN Yizhao WU Nengyou SUN Jianye WANG Jian LIU Changling LI Yanlong LI Chengfeng HU Gaowei Key Laboratory of gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266071China cnpc Offshore Engineering Company Limited Beijing 100028China Technology Innovation center for Marine Methane Monitoring Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266071China

It has been evidenced that shallow gas hydrate resources are abundant in deep oceans worldwide.Their geological back-ground,occurrence,and other characteristics differ significantly from deep-seated hydrates.Because of the high risk of well construction and low production efficiency,they are difficult to be recovered by using conventional oil production methods.As a result,this paper proposes an alternative design based on a combination of radial drilling,heat injection,and backfilling methods.Multi-branch holes are used to penetrate shallow gas hydrate reservoirs to expand the depressurization area,and heat injection is utilized as a supplement to improve gas production.Geotechnical information collected from an investigation site close to the offshore production well in the South China Sea is used to assess the essential components of this plan,including well construction stability and gas production behavior.It demonstrates that the hydraulic fracturing of the 60mbsf overburden layer can be prevented by regulating the drilling fluid densities.However,the traditional well structure is unstable,and the suction anchor is advised for better mechanical performance.The gas produc-tion rate can be significantly increased by combining hot water injection and depressurization methods.Additionally,the suitable produc-tion equipment already in use is discussed.

关键词： shallow gas hydrate trail production radial drilling-heat injection-back fill method experimental and numerical simulation

Simulation study on cuttings transport of the backreaming operation for long horizontal section wells

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1149-1170页

作者： Yu-Fei Chen Hui Zhang Wen-Xin Wu Jun Li Yong Ouyang Zong-Yu Lu De-Xin Ma Yong-Chuan Wu Jun-Bo Liu Ke-Rou Liu Zhuo-Xin Dong China University of Petroleum(beijing) Beijing102249China beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Experimental and Practical Education Innovation CenterZhuhai519087GuangdongChina oil&gas Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing oilfield Company Xi©an710016ShaanxiChina PetroChina Xinjiang oilfield Company Karamay834002XinjiangChina China oilfield Services Ltd. Tianjin300459China

The backreaming operation plays a significant role in safe drilling for horizontal wellbores, while it may cause severe stuck pipe accidents. To lower the risk of the stuck pipe in backreaming operations, the mechanism of cuttings transport needs to be carefully investigated. In this research, a transient cuttings transport with multiple flow patterns model is developed to predict the evolution of cuttings transported in the annulus while backreaming. The established model can provide predictions of the distribution of cuttings bed along the wellbore considering the bulldozer effect caused by large-size drilling tools(LSDTs). The sensitivity analyses of the size of LSDTs, and backreaming operating parameters are conducted in Section 4. And a new theory is proposed to explain the mechanism of cuttings transport in the backreaming operation, in which both the bit and LSDTs have the “cleaning effect” and “plugging effect”.The results demonstrate that the cuttings bed in annuli is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, but the overall trend and the distribution pattern are obvious. First, larger diameters and longer drilling tools could lead to a higher risk of the stuck pipe. Second, we find that it is not the case that the higher flow rate is always better for hole cleaning, so three flow-rate intervals are discussed separately under the given conditions. When the “dangerous flow rate”(35 L/s in Case 4),the higher the flow rate, the better the cleaning effect of cuttings beds. Third, an interval of tripping velocity called “dangerous velocity” is proposed, in which the cuttings bed accumulation near the LSDTs is more serious than those of other tripping velocities. As long as

关键词： Backreaming Stuck pipe Hole cleaning Transient solid transport Multiple flow patterns

Formation mechanism of fault accommodation zones under combined stress in graben basin:Implications from geomechanical modeling

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 54-76页

作者： Qi-Qiang Ren Jin-Liang Gao Rong-Tao Jiang Jin Wang Meng-Ping Li Jian-Wei Feng Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059SichuanChina PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China Jianghan oilfield oil and gas Production Capacity Construction Management center Chongqing408000China Sinopec Chongqing Fuling Shale gas Exploration and Development Company Chongqing408000China College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059SichuanChina School of Geoscience China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina

A fault accommodation zone is a type of structure that is defined as regulating displacement and strain between faults structure.Increasing numbers of fault accommodation zones are being identified in graben basins,indicating the potential exploration target and petroleum accumulation areas.This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism and development of fault accommodation zones under combined stress by a numerical simulation method considering geomechanical modeling.Using three-dimensional(3-D)seismic interpretation and fractal dimension method,exampled with the Dongxin fault zone,the fault activity and fault combination pattern were conducted to quantitatively characterize the activity difference in fault accommodation zones.Combined with mechanical experiment test,a geomehcanical model was established for fault accommodation zones in a graben basin.Integrating the paleostress numerical simulations and structural physical simulation experiment,the developmental characteristics and genetic mechanism of fault accommodation zones were summarized.Influenced by multi movements and combined stresses,three significant tectonic evolution stages of the Dongxing Fault Zone(DXFZ)were distinguished:During the E_(s)^(3)sedimentary period,the large difference in the stress,strain,and rupture distribution in various faults were significant,and this stage was the key generation period for the prototype of the DXFZ,including the FAZ between large-scale faults.During the E_(s)^(2)sedimentary period,the EW-trending symmetric with opposite dipping normal faults and the NE-SW trending faults with large scale were furtherly developed.The junction area of two secondary normal faults were prone to be ruptured,performing significant period for inheriting and developing characteristics of fault accommodation zones.During the Es1 sedimentary period,the high-order faults in the DXFZ exhibited the obvious fault depressions and strike-slip activity,and the fault accommodation zones were furtherly inherited and developed.This stage was

关键词： Fault accommodation zone Graben basin Fault activity Tectonic physical simulation experiment Finite element numerical simulation Dongxin fault zone

A novel profile modification HPF-Co gel satisfied with fractured low permeability reservoirs in high temperature and high salinity

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 683-693页

作者： Ya-Kai Li Ji-Rui Hou Wei-Peng Wu Ming Qu Tuo Liang Wei-Xin Zhong Yu-Chen Wen Hai-Tong Sun Yi-Nuo Pan China University of Petroleum beijing Beijing102249China PetroChina Tarim oilfield Company Korla 841000XinjiangChina Key Laboratory of Improving oil and gas Recovery of Ministry of Education Northeast Petroleum University Daqing 163318HeilongjiangChina Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065ShaanxiChina Northwest oilfield Company SINOPECUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina

Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability reservoirs.Consequently,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is developed.The HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code G.The dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal stability.The rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also studied.The results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF gel.The effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is studied.The results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μm.After 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional structure.Infrared spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high temperature.Fractured core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.

关键词： Low permeability reservoir High-temperature resistant gel Complexation reaction Polymer gel injection strategy Plugging rate Enhanced oil recovery

Experimental investigation on using CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion with high water cut in enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 974-986页

作者： Xi-Dao Wu Peng Xiao Bei Liu Guang-Jin Chen Jian-Hua Pang State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Ocean Intelligence Technology center Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean UniversityShenzhen518120GuangdongChina

CO_(2) emulsions used for EOR have received a lot of interest because of its good performance on CO_(2)mobility reduction.However,most of them have been focusing on the high quality CO_(2) emulsion(high CO_(2) fraction),while CO_(2) emulsion with high water cut has been rarely researched.In this paper,we carried out a comprehensive experimental study of using high water cut CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion for enhancing oil recovery.Firstly,a nonionic surfactant,alkyl glycosides(APG),was selected to stabilize CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion,and the corresponding morphology and stability were evaluated with a transparent PVT cell.Subsequently,plugging capacity and apparent viscosity of CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion were measured systematically by a sand pack displacement apparatus connected with a 1.95-m long capillary tube.Furthermore,a high water cut(40 vol%) CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion was selected for flooding experiments in a long sand pack and a core sample,and the oil recovery,the rate of oil recovery,and the pressure gradients were analyzed.The results indicated that APG had a good performance on emulsifying and stabilizing CO_(2) emulsion.An inversion from H_(2)O/CO_(2) emulsion to CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion with the increase in water cut was confirmed.CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsions with lower water cuts presented higher apparent viscosity,while the optimal plugging capacity of CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion occurred at a certain water cut.Eventually,the displacement using CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion provided 18.98% and 13.36% additional oil recovery than that using pure CO_(2) in long sand pack and core tests,respectively.This work may provide guidelines for EOR using CO_(2) emulsions with high water cut.

关键词： CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion High water cut CO_(2)mobility control Enhanced oil recovery

Modulating the degree of O vacancy defects to achieve selective control of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction products

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 482-486页

作者： Tianbo Jia Lili Wang Zhouhao Zhu Baikang Zhu Yingtang Zhou Guoxing Zhu Mingshan Zhu Hengcong Tao School of Petrochemical Engineering&Environment Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China Department of General Practice First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China National&Local Joint Engineering Research center of Harbor oil&gas Storage and Transportation Technology Zhoushan 316022China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health School of EnvironmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China

Conversion of CO_(2) into high-value products using electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR)technology is an effective way to alleviate global warming and reach carbon neutrality.The oxygen vacancies in heterogenous catalysis are generally considered as a powerful method to enhance the performance of ECR by promoting CO_(2) adsorption and activation.However,the extent of defects in oxygen vacancies-activity relation has rarely been studied.Herein,we prepared Cu-Cd bimetallic catalysts with adjustable oxygen defect degree by controlling the amount of cadmium addition.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization results reveal that the formation of oxygen vacancies is attributed to the asymmetric stretching of Cu-O by the addition of cadmium.Electrochemical results show that the oxygen defect degree can modulate the selectivity of ECR products.A low degree of oxygen defects(CuO)is generally associated with lower product Faraday efficiency(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈114%),but overabundant oxygen vacancies(CuO_(2.625)-CdO_(0.375))are not entirely favorable to improving ECR activity(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈125%)and single selectivity,while an appropriate degree of oxygen vacancies(CuO_(2.75)-CdO_(0.25))can facilitate the ECR process toward single product selective production(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈296%).The theoretical calculation showed that the O vacancy formed on CuO and the interface between CdO and CuO were conducive to enhancing the formation of ^(*)COOH intermediate and promoting the generation of ethylene products.This study provides a new approach and insight into the selective production of single products for future industrial applications of ECR.

关键词： CO_(2) O-vacancies Bimetallic catalysts Copper oxide Cadmium oxide Selective