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Key issues in development of offshore natural gas hydrate

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第3期14卷 433-442页

作者： Shouwei ZHOU Qingping LI Xin LV Qiang FU Junlong ZHU State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate CNOOC Research Institute Co.LtdBeijing 100028China Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu 610500China

As a new clean energy resource in the 21st century,natural gas hydrate is considered as one of the most promising strategic resources in the *** paper,based on the research progress in exploitation of natural gas hydrate(NGH)in China and the world,systematically reviewed and discussed the key issues in development of natural gas *** an exploitation point of view,it is recommended that the concepts of diagenetic hydrate and non-diagenetic hydrate be *** main factors to be considered are whether diagenesis,stability of rock skeleton structure,particle size and cementation mode,thus NGHs are divided into 6 levels and used unused exploitation methods according to different *** study of the description and quantitative characterization of abundance in hydrate enrichment zone,and looking for gas hydrate dessert areas with commercial exploitation value should be *** concept of dynamic permeability and characterization of the permeability of NGH by time-varying equations should be ***‘Three-gas co-production’(natural gas hydrate,shallow gas,and conventional gas)may be an effective way to achieve early commercial *** great progress has been made in the exploitation of natural gas hydrate,there still exist enormous challenges in basic theory research,production methods,and equipment and operation *** through hard and persistent exploration and innovation can natural gas hydrate be truly commercially developed on a large scale and contribute to sustainable energy supply.

关键词： natural gas hydrate exploitation offshore diagenetic and non-diagenetic hydrate solid-state fluidization method dessert in enrichment area three-gas combined production on gas hydrate abundance

Application of C_(30)tetracyclic polyprenoids as effective biomarker in oil-to source rock correlation in the ZhuⅢdepression,Zhujiangkou Basin,northern South China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第8期43卷 37-46页

作者： Lei Lan Youchuan Li Shuchun Yang Yang Ouyang Wenjing Ding Qing Lin Shanshan Zhou cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The northern South China Sea,including the Zhujiangkou Basin and the Beibuwan Basin,developed high-quality lacustrine source rocks during the Eocene rifting *** source rocks are vital for hydrocarbon generation in the northern South China *** ZhuⅠdepression in the Zhujiangkou Basin and the Beibuwan Basin typically exhibit high abundance of C_(30)4-methyl ***,shales in the Eocene Wenchang Formation in the ZhuⅢdepression of the Zhujiangkou Basin contains lower quantities of high-quality lacustrine source rocks with 4-methyl steranes,which often co-elute with some pentacyclic triterpanes in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Therefore,the single 4-methylsterane parameter based on GC-MS cannot accurately distinguish organic source in the deep to semi-deep water lacustrine source rocks of the Wenchang Formation from other source rocks,thus impeding the recognition of their contributions to petroleum *** this study,GC-MS of aliphatic hydrocarbons,palynofacies and algal identification,as well as stable carbon isotope data of organic matter were used to identify the algal species and construct the paleoclimate during deposition of the Wenchang Formation source rocks in the ZhuⅢdepression of the Zhujiangkou *** is suggested that during the Wenchang Formation period,freshwater green algae prevailed in the lake,which is likely account for the relatively low content of 4-methyl steranes in the high-quality lacustrine source *** by the algal species,it is proposed that the content of C_(30)tetracyclic polyprenoids(TPP)can better indicate the quality of the Wenchang source rocks than C_(30)4-methyl ***,a relationship between the TPP index and the quality of the lacustrine source rocks in the Wenchang Formation of the ZhuⅢdepression was established.A higher TPP index indicates higher organic matter abundance and hydrogen index of the lacustrine source *** applied to the origin analysis of oils

关键词： lacustrine source rocks C_(30)tetracyclic polyprenoids green algae Zhujiangkou Basin

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第1期95卷 248-258页

作者： XIONG Lianqiao XIE Xiaojun ZHAO Zhao ZHANG Chunyu WANG Long LIAO Jihua CAI Lulu XU Wei cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this *** a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in *** of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this *** and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum *** characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock *** on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were *** limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang *** is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine *** with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good *** RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine *** frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine *** on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning *** of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the *** of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km^(2)and

关键词： neural network seismic classification middle-deep lacustrine facies Eocene Wenchang Formation Kaiping sag

Study on fault-controlled hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process and models in Zhu I Depression

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第2期40卷 107-113页

作者： Wenqi Zhu Keqiang Wu Ling Ke Kai Chen Zhifeng Liu cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

Through the analysis of the faults and their internal structure in Zhu I Depression,it is found that the internal structure of the late fault is obviously segmented *** develops unitary structure(simple fault plane)in shallow layers,binary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in footwall)in middle,layers and ternary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in middle,and induced fracture zone in footwall)in deep *** the induced fracture zone is a high porosity and permeability zone,and the sliding fracture zone is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability zone,the late fault in middle layers has the character of"transporting while sealing".The late fault can transport hydrocarbon by its induced fracture zone in the side of the hanging wall and seal hydrocarbon by its sliding fracture zone in the side of the *** deep layers,the late fault has the character of"dual-transportation",induced fracture zones in both sides of hanging wall and footwall can transport *** early fault that only developed in the deep layers is presumed to be unitary structure,which plays a completely sealing role in the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation due to inactivity during the hydrocarbon filling *** by hydrocarbon source,early/late faults,sand bodies and traps,two reservoir-forming models of"inverted L"and"stereo-spiral"can be proposed in middle layers,while two reservoir-forming models of"cross fault"and"lateral fault sealing"are developed in the deep layers of Zhu I Depression.

关键词： fault structure transport/sealing migration and accumulation process reservoir-forming model Zhu I Depression

Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the CentralSouthern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation conditions

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第1期95卷 30-40页

作者： TANG Wu ZHAO Zhigang SONG Shuang WANG Yibo XIE Xiaojun LIU Shixiang cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea,we used gravity-magnetic,seismic,drilling,and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these *** the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea,the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins:southern extensional-foreland basins,western extensional-strike slip basins,and central extensional-drift *** these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories,they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon *** the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages:faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene,inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene,and subsidence since the late *** source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated byⅡ-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late *** well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs,this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation *** the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed *** source rocks with lacustrine facies,marine-continental transitional facies,and terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅡ2-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late *** a reservoir comprised of self-generated a

关键词： tectonic evolution hydrocarbon accumulation continental margin central-southern South China Sea proto-South China Sea

Karstification characteristics of the Cenomanian-Turonian Mishrif Formation in the Missan Oil Fields,southeastern Iraq,and their effects on reservoirs

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 435-445页

作者： Peiyuan CHEN Lina GUO Chen LI Yi TONG cnooc International ltd. Beijing 100028China cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of the Cenomanian-Turonian age is an important Middle Eastern *** studies have shown that carbonates in the Mishrif Formation are affected by karstification and are concentrated at the top of the ***,there is a lack of systematic research on the effects of karstification on the formation’s reservoir *** on core samples,scanning electron microscopy of thin sections,and geochemical analysis of C,O,and Sr isotopes from wells in the Missan Oil Fields,unconformity was identified at the top of the B21 subzone of the Mishrif *** and cast-thin-section observations indicate that there is a significant lithological difference above and below the unconformity,and dissolution pores and voids are well-developed beneath *** silt fills the intragranular pores and geopetal fabric is developed inside some mouldic pores beneath the unconformity *** isotopic values of ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(0.707270-0.707722)and δ^(18)O(−5.94‰—−2.32‰)suggest that the top of the B21 subzone of the Mishrif Formation has been severely affected by syngenetic *** is the key to high-quality reservoir formation and the reservoir’s oil-bearing *** study will inform oil and gas exploration in the Missan Oil Fields and in other areas with similar reservoir characteristics.

关键词： unconformity karstification carbonate reservoir Mishrif Formation Missan Oil Fields southeastern Iraq

Origin of condensate oil and natural gas in Bozhong 19-6 gas field,Bohai Bay Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 54-62页

作者： Jianyong Xu Wei Li cnooc research institute co.ltd. Beijing100028China

The discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field has opened a new frontier for deep gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin,with a great potential for further gas ***,poor understanding of oil and gas origin has been limiting the exploration progress in this *** clarify the origin of condensate oil and gas in Bozhong 19-6 gas field,this study adequately utilized the organic geochemical analysis data to investigate the composition and geochemical characteristics of condensate oil and natural gas,and analyzed the relationship between condensate oil and the three sets of source rocks in the nearby *** show that the lighter components dominate the condensate oil,with a forward type *** parent material of crude oil was primarily deposited in a shallow,clay-rich,low-salinity,weakly reducing aquatic *** condensate and natural gas have similar parent source characteristics and maturity,with Ro ranging from 1.4%to 1.6%.Both are products of high maturity stage,indicating that they are hydrocarbon compounds produced by the same group of source rocks in the same ***-sources correlation shows that condensate oil and gas mainly originate from the source rocks of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the nearby subsags of the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt.

关键词： Bozhong Sag Natural gas condensate oil Light hydrocarbon Gas-source correlation Oil-source correlation

Fingered Intrusion of Shallow Saucer-shaped Igneous Sills: Insights from the Jiaojiang Sag, East China Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第5期87卷 1306-1318页

作者： GUO Rui ZHANG Gongcheng ZHANG Jinwei ZHAO Xingbin LIU Junbang YUAN Dawei SONG Shuang cnooc research institute cnooc Limited research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina

An extensive suite of igneous sills was intruded into the Tertiary sedimentary section of the Jiaojiang sag, East China Sea. This suite has been well imaged offshore through 2D and 3D seismic surveys, showing a close relationship with co2 content in nearby gas discoveries. A new observational model, which incorporates simple upward propagation, simple horizontal propagation, and transgressive propagation, was proposed to interpret these sill intrusions. In this model, the source magma of the saucer-shaped sills was injected from their lowest points near the center. The transgressive propagation can be interpreted as a combination of the vertical and horizontal propagation. Most shallow sub-volcanic intrusions in the Jiaojiang sag exhibit fingered characteristics, both vertically and horizontally. The vertical fingered propagation produced saucer-shaped sills arranged in the flower style. Along the brims of lower sills could usually be found the upper sills, which are interpreted to have formed simultaneously with or later than the lower feeder sills. In the second type, the chilled paths of the older sills were reutilized by subsequent intrusions. The horizontal fingered propagation formed sheet intrusions that exhibit groove, lobate, tubular, and crevasse splay- like geometry in plan view. In 3D view, the sheet intrusions have still preserved the lower center and higher rim that similar with the sub-rounded saucer-shaped sills. Although fracture propagation may be important, flow inflation was the key mechanism of magma intrusion. Further consideration of the mechanisms underlying sill formation may help explain the fingered characteristics of sill propagation.

关键词： Saucer-shaped sill fingered intrusion feeder relationship lobate sill flow inflation,Jiaojiang sag

A Data-Oriented Method to Optimize Hydraulic Fracturing Parameters of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs

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Energy Engineering 2024年第6期121卷 1657-1669页

作者： Zhengrong Chen Mao Jiang Chuanzhi Ai Jianshu Wu Xin Xie cnooc research institute co. Ltd.Beijing100028China

Based on the actual data collected from the tight sandstone development zone, correlation analysis using theSpearman method was conducted to determine the main factors influencing the gas production rate of tightsandstone fracturing. An integrated model combining geological engineering and numerical simulation of fracturepropagation and production was completed. Based on data analysis, the hydraulic fracture parameters wereoptimized to develop a differentiated fracturing treatment adjustment plan. The results indicate that the influenceof geological and engineering factors in the X1 and X2 development zones in the study area differs ***, it is challenging to adopt a uniform development strategy to achieve rapid production increase. Thedata analysis reveals that the variation in gas production rate is primarily affected by the reservoir thickness andpermeability parameters as geological factors. On the other hand, the amount of treatment fluid and proppantaddition significantly impact the gas production rate as engineering factors. Among these factors, the influence ofgeological factors is more pronounced in block X1. Therefore, the main focus should be on further optimizing thefracturing interval and adjusting the geological development well location. Given the existing well location, thereis limited potential for further optimizing fracture parameters to increase production. For block X2, the fracturingparameters should be optimized. Data screening was conducted to identify outliers in the entire dataset, and adata-driven fracturing parameter optimization method was employed to determine the basic adjustment directionfor reservoir stimulation in the target block. This approach provides insights into the influence of geological,stimulation, and completion parameters on gas production rate. consequently, the subsequent fracturing parameteroptimization design can significantly reduce the modeling and simulation workload and guide field operations t

关键词： Data mechanism driven fracturing parameters gas production correlation tight sandstone gas