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Analysis of Maximum Liquid Carrying Capacity Based on Conventional Tubing Plunger Gas Lift

energy Engineering 2024年第6期121卷 1521-1533页

作者： Yanqun Yu Wenhao Xu Yahui Huangfu Jinhai Liu Bensheng Wang Kai Liu College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China energy technology&services Oil Production services Company CNOOCTianjin300450China

China’s unconventional gas fields have a large number of low-productivity and low-efficiency wells, many of whichare located in remote and environmentally harsh mountainous areas. To address the long-term stable productionof these gas wells, plunger-lift technology plays an important role. In order to fully understand and accurately graspthe drainage and gas production mechanisms of plunger-lift, a mechanical model of plunger-liquid column uplift inthe plunger-lift process was established, focusing on conventional plunger-lift systems and representative wellboreconfigurations in the Linxing region. The operating casing pressure of the plunger-lift process and the calculationmethod for the maximum daily fluid production rate based on the work regime with the highest fluid recovery ratewere determined. For the first time, the critical flow rate method was proposed as a constraint for the maximumliquid-carrying capacity of the plunger-lift, and liquid-carrying capacity charts for conventional plunger-lift withdifferent casing sizes were developed. The results showed that for 23/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 808 m, the maximum drainage rate was 33 m3/d;for 27/8 casing plunger-lift, with a well depth ofshallower than 742 m, the maximum drainage rate was 50.15 m3/d;for 31/2 casing plunger-lift, with a well depthof shallower than 560 m, the maximum drainage rate was 75.14 m3/d. This research provides a foundation for thescientific selection of plunger-lift technology and serves as a decision-making reference for developing reasonableplunger-lift work regimes.

关键词： Unconventional well conventional tubing string plunger gas lift critical flow rate liquid carry-over chart version

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Paleogene transgression process and environmental evolution in the deepwater area of the Baiyun Depression in the northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 15-24页

作者： Peijun Qiao Yuchi Cui Qiong Ma Qiang Yu Lei Shao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China cnooc energy technology&services-Drilling&Production Co. CNOOC Central Laboratory Shenzhen BranchGuangdong 516000China

Multiple borehole samples are collected from the Baiyun Depression in deep-water area of the northern South China Sea(SCS)in an effort to reconstruct transgression processes during the Paleogene based on palynalgal analysis.This study indicates that the Baiyun Depression generated a large group of palynopore assemblages and fluvial/lacustrine-related algae during the early and middle Eocene when the Wenchang Formation was deposited.The entire depression was dominated by fluvial and lacustrine facies before transgression.Its eastern and southeastern sags transitioned to shallow marine environment by generating a large abundance of marine dinoflagellates during the Enping deposition of the late Eocene.Meanwhile,the southern uplift zone simply yielded fluvial/lacustrine-related palynopores and algae,and was dominated by the fluvial and lacustrine environment during the early stage of the Enping Formation,prior to shifting into transitional setting in the later period.Northwestern sags remained extensive fluvial and delta facies without existence of marine dinoflagellates.It was until the depositional stage of the Zhuhai Formation(Oligocene)that the overall depression was strongly impacted from transgression process.Both eastern and southeastern sags were mainly under deep marine setting on a continental slope while northwestern and southern areas developed transitional facies.Although distribution and accumulation patterns varied greatly among sub-sags,the overall Baiyun Depression was characterized by widespread development of marine dinoflagellates.It should be noted that the northwestern sag also partly generated large-scale river delta deposits.Due to the eustatic rise and change of SCS spreading axis,the overall Baiyun Depression was mostly influenced by the deep marine environment on a continental slope during the early Miocene.Both northwestern sag and southern uplift zone were found plentiful marine dinoflagellates.In summary,transgression initiated from the eastern and southeastern Baiyun Depression before

关键词： South China Sea Paleogene transgression sedimentary environment plant ecology

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Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method for Multi-Component System Considering Maintenance:Subsea Christmas Tree System as A Case Study

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 198-209页

作者： WU Qi-bing CAI Bao-ping FAN Hong-yan WANG Guan-nan RAO Xi GE Weifeng SHAO Xiao-yan LIU Yong-hong cnooc Safety technology services Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300456China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China cnooc EnerTech Safety&Environmental Protection BranchTianjin 300456China

Maintenance is an important technical measure to maintain and restore the performance status of equipment and ensure the safety of the production process in industrial production,and is an indispensable part of prediction and health management.However,most of the existing remaining useful life(RUL)prediction methods assume that there is no maintenance or only perfect maintenance during the whole life cycle;thus,the predicted RUL value of the system is obviously lower than its actual operating value.The complex environment of the system further increases the difficulty of maintenance,and its maintenance nodes and maintenance degree are limited by the construction period and working conditions,which increases the difficulty of RUL prediction.An RUL prediction method for a multi-omponent system based on the Wiener process considering maintenance is proposed.The performance degradation model of components is established by a dynamic Bayesian network as the initial model,which solves the uncertainty of insufficient data problems.Based on the experience of experts,the degree of degradation is divided according to Poisson process simulation random failure,and different maintenance strategies are used to estimate a variety of condition maintenance factors.An example of a subsea tree system is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： remaining useful life Wiener process dynamic Bayesian networks maintenance subsea Christmas tree system

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Identification and Characteristics Analysis of Micro-Seismic Signals in the Haima Seep Area

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 288-291页

作者： Xiangchun Wang Bing Nie Zhiyu Wu Weiwei Wang Hua Chen China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China cnooc China limited Shenzhen BranchShenzhen 518000China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Guangzhou 511458China cnooc China limited Shanghai BranchShanghai 200335China

INTRODUCTION.In recent years,with the steady development of offshore energy exploration technology,submarine gas seepage sites,and their products are gradually being identified and analyzed.The submarine cold seep is a seepage phenomenon in which hydrocarbon gases stored deep in the seafloor are transported to seawater by gushing or seepage under the action of tectonic compression(Roy et al.,2019;Tinivella and Giustiniani,2016).

关键词： submarine Seismic offshore

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Study of the blocking mechanism in gravel packing based on CFD-DEM

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 164-178页

作者： Fucheng Deng Lei Wen Gang Li Baitao Fan Ning Gong Shenghong Chen Yangtze University Jingzhou434023China Guangzhou Institute of energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences510640China cnooc Research Institute Ltd Beijing100028China Tianjin Branch of cnooc Ltd Tianjin300459China cnooc Ener Tech-Drilling&Production Co Tianjin300457China

Gravel packing sand control(GPSC),as the optimization of mechanical sand control technology,is widely used in the deep water completion and sand control of loose sandstone heavy oil reservoirs and highly argillaceous.To explore the blocking mechanism of GPSC,the influence of its structural parameters on the blocking of GPSC is investigated.This paper establishes a particle element model based on computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method coupling using the discrete element method and establishes a fluid flow model combined with computational fluid dynamics to realize their full coupling solution.And sand control experiments were carried out using a micro visual sand control simulation device to verify the blocking model.The blocking mechanism is analyzed from the microscopic point of view,and then,the influence of sand control structure parameters on the blocking in GPSC design is evaluated.The results show the following:(1)the blocking process of GPSC can be divided into three stages:an initial stage,sand accumulation stage,and equilibrium stage.(2)There are two main types of gravel packing blockage.The first type of blocking is blocking on the surface of the gravel layer.Sand particles on the surface of gravel layer mainly exist in the form of large particle size blocking gravel pores and sand particles bridging each other.The second type of blockage is the blockage inside the gravel layer.Sand particles mainly exist in the form of internal mud cakes and adsorption on gravels inside the gravel layer.(3)To ensure the sand control performance of the gravel layer,the gravel layer thickness is designed between 23 and 28 mm.The displacement or pressure of the on-site packing pump should be increased to ensure that the gravel layer packing solidity ranges between 59%and 62%.In the design of GPSC,it should be ensured that the median particle size of gravel is 5–6 times the median particle size of sand.This study provides an effective technical reference for the design of gravel structural parameters in on-si

关键词： CFD-DEM Blocking the process Blocking mechanism Structural parameter

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Risk Assessment of Deep-Water Horizontal X-Tree Installation

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 210-220页

作者： MENG Wen-bo FU Guang-ming HUANG Yi LIU Shu-jie HUANG Liang GAOYong-hai cnooc China limited Zhanjiang BranchZhanjiang 524057China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Ministry of Education(China University of Petroleum(East China))Qingdao 266580China

Due to the high potential risk and many influencing factors of subsea horizontal X-tree installation,to guarantee the successful completion of sea trials of domestic subsea horizontal X-trees,this paper established a modular risk evaluation model based on a fuzzy fault tree.First,through the analysis of the main process oftree down and combining the Offshore&Onshore Reliability Data(OREDA)failure statistics and the operation procedure and the data provided by the job,the fault tree model of risk analysis of the tree down installation was established.Then,by introducing the natural language of expert comprehensive evaluation and combining fuzzy principles,quantitative analysis was carried out,and the fuzzy number was used to calculate the failure probability of a basic event and the occurrence probability of a top event.Finally,through a sensitivity analysis of basic events,the basic events of top events significantly affected were determined,and risk control and prevention measures for the corresponding high-risk factors were proposed for subsea horizontal X-tree down installation.

关键词： subsea horizontal X-tree risk assessment fuzzy fault tree modular risk evaluation model

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Influence of pressure disturbance wave on dynamic response characteristics of liquid film seal for multiphase pump

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2048-2065页

作者： Qing-Ping Li Jin-Ya Zhang Jia-Xiang Zhang Yong-Xue Zhang cnooc Research Institute Company limited State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrate College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum

Slug flow or high GVF(Gas Volume Fraction) conditions can cause pressure disturbance waves and alternating loads at the boundary of mechanical seals for multiphase pumps, endangering the safety of multiphase pump units. The mechanical seal model is simplified by using periodic boundary conditions and numerical calculations are carried out based on the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. UDF(User Define Function) programs such as structural dynamics equations, alternating load equations, and pressure disturbance equations are embedded in numerical calculations, and the dynamic response characteristics of mechanical seal are studied using layered dynamic mesh technology. The results show that when the pressure disturbance occurs at the inlet, as the amplitude and period of the disturbance increase, the film thickness gradually decreases. And the fundamental reason for the hysteresis of the film thickness change is that the pressure in the high-pressure area cannot be restored in a timely manner. The maximum value of leakage and the minimum value of axial velocity are independent of the disturbance period and determined by the disturbance amplitude. The mutual interference between enhanced waves does not have a significant impact on the film thickness, while the front wave in the attenuated wave has a promoting effect on the subsequent film thickness changes, and the fluctuation of the liquid film cavitation rate and axial velocity under the attenuated wave condition deviates from the initial values. Compared with pressure disturbance conditions, alternating load conditions have a more significant impact on film thickness and leakage. During actual operation, it is necessary to avoid alternating load conditions in multiphase pump mechanical seals.

关键词： Multiphase pump Liquid film seal Pressure disturbance wave Dynamic response characteristics

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Experimental study of the effects of a multistage pore-throat structure on the seepage characteristics of sandstones in the Beibuwan Basin:Insights into the flooding mode

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1044-1061页

作者： Lei Wang Xiao Lei Qiao-Liang Zhang Guang-Qing Yao Bo Sui Xiao-Jun Chen Ming-Wei Wang Zhen-Yu Zhou Pan-Rong Wang Xiao-Dong Peng Zhanjiang Branch China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)LimitedZhanjiang524057GuangdongChina Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan430074HubeiChina School of Resources and Safety Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China School of Engineering University of ManchesterManchester M139WJUK Hainan Branch China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)LimitedHaikou570311HainanChina

To investigate the relationship between grain sizes, seepage capacity, and oil-displacement efficiency in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin, this study identifies the multistage pore-throat structure as a crucial factor through a comparison of oil displacement in microscopic pore-throat experiments. The two-phase flow evaluation method based on the Li-Horne model is utilized to effectively characterize and quantify the seepage characteristics of different reservoirs, closely relating them to the distribution of microscopic pores and throats. It is observed that conglomerate sandstones at different stages exhibit significant heterogeneity and noticeable differences in seepage capacity, highlighting the crucial role played by certain large pore throats in determining seepage capacity and oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that the displacement effects of conglomeratic sandstones with strong heterogeneity were inferior to those of conventional homogeneous sandstone, as evidenced by multiple displacement experiments conducted on core samples with varying granularities and flooding systems. Subsequently, core-based experiments on associated gas flooding after water flooding were conducted to address the challenge of achieving satisfactory results in a single displacement mode for reservoirs with significant heterogeneity. The results indicate that the oil recovery rates for associated gas flooding after water flooding increased by 7.3%-16.4% compared with water flooding alone at a gas-oil ratio of approximately 7000 m^(3)/m^(3). Therefore, considering the advantages of gas flooding in terms of seepage capacity, oil exchange ratio, and the potential for two-phase production, gas flooding is recommended as an energy supplement mode for homogeneous reservoirs in the presence of sufficient gas source and appropriate tectonic angle. On the other hand, associated gas flooding after water flooding is suggested to achieve a more favorable development effect compared to a single mode of energy

关键词： Beibuwan Basin Multistage pore-throat structure Multistage seepage characteristics Microscopic visualization Heterogeneity Gas/water flooding Flooding mode

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Multi-scale data joint inversion of minerals and porosity in altered igneous reservoirs—A case study in the South China Sea

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 206-220页

作者： Xin-Ru Wang Bao-Zhi Pan Yu-Hang Guo Qing-Hui Wang Yao Guan College of Geo-exploration Science and technology Jilin UniversityChangchun130046JilinChina Research Institute CNOOC Ltd.-ShenzhenShenzhen518000GuangdongChina

There are abundant igneous gas reservoirs in the South China Sea with significant value of research,and lithology classification,mineral analysis and porosity inversion are important links in reservoir evaluation.However,affected by the diverse lithology,complicated mineral and widespread alteration,conventional logging lithology classification and mineral inversion become considerably difficult.At the same time,owing to the limitation of the wireline log response equation,the quantity and accuracy of minerals can hardly meet the exploration requirements of igneous formations.To overcome those issues,this study takes the South China Sea as an example,and combines multi-scale data such as micro rock slices,petrophysical experiments,wireline log and element cutting log to establish a set of joint inversion methods for minerals and porosity of altered igneous rocks.Specifically,we define the lithology and mineral characteristics through core slices and mineral data,and establish an igneous multi-mineral volumetric model.Then we determine element cutting log correction method based on core element data,and combine wireline log and corrected element cutting log to perform the lithology classification and joint inversion of minerals and porosity.However,it is always difficult to determine the elemental eigenvalues of different minerals in inversion.This paper uses multiple linear regression methods to solve this problem.Finally,an integrated inversion technique for altered igneous formations was developed.The results show that the corrected element cutting log are in good agreement with the core element data,and the mineral and porosity results obtained from the joint inversion based on the wireline log and corrected element cutting log are also in good agreement with the core data from X-ray diffraction.The results demonstrate that the inversion technique is applicable and this study provides a new direction for the mineral inversion research of altered igneous formations.

关键词： Joint inversion Altered igneous rock Element correction method Lithology identification Multi mineral volume model

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Practices and Reflections of cnooc on Building World-Class Enterprises

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China Oil & Gas 2024年第2期31卷 38-51页

作者： Wu Rihan He Xu Li Shuai Yang Xueqin Wei Yujing Zhang Yuqi cnooc energy Economics Institute

At present,China is facing new strategic opportunities as well as risks and challenges in its development.Faced with the challenges brought by current global major risks,China urgently needs to build a group of world-class enterprises as ballast stones.Accelerating the development of a number of world-class enterprises is an important support for China to enhance its comprehensive strength and international competitiveness,and is crucial for the realization of the strategic blueprint for socialist modernization.After more than forty years of reform and opening up,Chinese enterprises have rapidly developed and grown stronger,with their position rising and their influence in the global market increasing continuously.However,Chinese enterprises are“large in size but not yet strong enough”.In this context,this paper systematically analyzes the practical significance and theoretical connotation of building world-class enterprises and the status quo of building world-class enterprises in China and takes cnooc as an example to deeply analyze the practices of large central enterprises to build world-class enterprises at the levels of group and subsidiaries,providing a reference for Chinese enterprises to accelerate their progress towards world-class enterprises.

关键词： enterprises realization strategic

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