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Raindrop Size Distributions in the Zhengzhou Extreme Rainfall Event on 20 July 2021:Temporal-Spatial Variability and Implications for Radar QPE

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 489-503页

作者： Liman CUI Haoran LI Aifang SU Yang ZHANG Xiaona LYU Le XI Yuanmeng ZHANG henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique China Meteorological AdministrationZhengzhou450003China State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China henan Meteorological Observatory Zhengzhou450003China

In this study,a regional Parsivel OTT disdrometer network covering urban Zhengzhou and adjacent areas is employed to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of raindrop size distributions(DSDs)in the Zhengzhou extreme rainfall event on 20 July *** rain rates observed by disdrometers and rain gauges from six operational sites are in good agreement,despite significant site-to-site variations of 24-h accumulated rainfall ranging from 198.3 to 624.1 *** Parsivel OTT observations show prominent temporal-spatial variations of DSDs,and the most drastic change was registered at Zhengzhou Station where the record-breaking hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm over 1500-1600 LST(local standard time)was *** hourly rainfall is characterized by fairly high concentrations of large raindrops,and the mass-weighted raindrop diameter generally increases with the rain rate before reaching the equilibrium state of DSDs with the rain rate of about 50 mm h^(−1).Besides,polarimetric radar observations show the highest differential phase shift(K_(dp))and differential reflectivity(Z_(dr))near surface over Zhengzhou Station from 1500 to 1600 *** light of the remarkable temporal-spatial variability of DSDs,a reflectivity-grouped fitting approach is proposed to optimize the reflectivity-rain rate(Z-R)parameterization for radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE),and the rain gauge measurements are used for *** results show an increase of mean bias ratio from 0.57 to 0.79 and a decrease of root-mean-square error from 23.69 to 18.36 for the rainfall intensity above 20.0 mm h^(−1),as compared with the fixed Z-R *** study reveals the drastic temporal-spatial variations of rain microphysics during the Zhengzhou extreme rainfall event and warrants the promise of using reflectivity-grouped fitting Z-R relationships for radar QPE of such events.

关键词： extreme rainfall raindrop size distribution radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE)

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Mixing trait-based corn(Zea mays L.)cultivars increases yield through pollination synchronization and increased cross-fertilization

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 291-300页

作者： Hongping Li Kui Liu Zhibin Li Moubiao Zhang Yongen Zhang Shuyan Li Xiuling Wang Jinlong Zhou Yali Zhao Tianxue Liu Chaohai Li Agronomy College Henan Agricultural UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceZhengzhou 450046HenanChina Swift Current Research and Development Centre Swift CurrentSaskatchewan S9H 3X2Canada Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceBeijing 100081China henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences/cma.henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique Zhengzhou 450046HenanChina

Abiotic stress such as high temperature at flowering is one of many conditions reducing yield of corn(Zea mays L.).Mixing corn cultivars with diverse functional traits increases within-crop diversity and provides a potential means of mitigating yield losses under stress *** conducted a three-year field study to investigate the effects of cultivar mixtures on kernel setting rate,pollen sources,and *** study consisted of six treatments,including two high temperature-tolerant(HTT)monocrops of WK702 and DH701,two high temperature-sensitive(HTS)monocrops of DH605 and DH662,and two HTT–HTS mixtures of WK702-DH605 and *** anthesis–silking interval(ASI)was 0.9–1.6 days shorter in mixtures than in *** setting rate was increased in mixtures(86.4%–88.7%)compared with those in monocrops(74.7%–84.1%)as a result of synchrony and complementarity of *** yields of the HTT–HTS mixtures increased by 13.3%–18.7%,equivalent to 1169 to1605 kg ha^(-1),in comparison with HTS corn *** results of SSR markers showed that crossfertilization percentage in corn cultivar mixtures ranged from 29.3%to 47.8%,partially explaining yield *** equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.12 for corn mixtures and the partial land equivalent ratio(e.g.,>0.5)showed the complementary benefits in corn *** results indicated that mixing corn cultivars with diverse flowering and drought-tolerance traits increased yields via pollination synchrony.

关键词： Cultivar heterogeneity Cultivar mixture Flowering trait synchronization Fertilization complementarity Kernel set

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On the rapid intensification for Typhoon Meranti(2016):convection,warm core,and heating budget

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第4期13卷 791-807页

作者： Xiba TANG Fan PING Shuai YANG Mengxia LI Jing PENG laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610225China China Meteorological Administration henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique Zhengzhou 450000China key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Through a cloud-resolving simulation of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Meranti(2016),the convections,warm core,and heating budget are investigated during the process of *** investigating the spatial distributions and temporal evolutions of both convectivestratiform precipitation and shallow-deep convections,we find that the inner-core convections take mode turns,from stratiform-precipitation(SP)dominance to convectiveprecipitation(CP)prevalence during the transition stages between pre-RI and *** the CP,it experiences fewer convections before RI,and the conversion from moderate/moderate-deep convections to moderate-deep/deep convections during *** is a clear upper-level warm-core structure during the process of ***,the mid-lowlevel warming begins first,before the RI of *** calculating the local potential temperature(0)budget of various convections,the link between convections and the warm core(and further to RI via the pressure drop due to the warming core)is ***,the transport pathways of heating toward the center of Meranti driven by pressure are *** total hydrostatic pressure decline is determined by the mid-low-level warm anomaly before RI,mostly caused by *** azimuthal-mean diabatic heating is the largest heating source,the mean vertical heat advection controls the vertical downwards transport by adiabatic warming of compensating downdrafts above eye region,and then the radial 6 advection term radially transports heat toward the center of Meranti in a slantwise *** the onset of RI,the heating efficiency of the upper-level warming core rises swiftly and overruns that of the mid-low-level warmanomaly, dominating the total pressure decrease and beingmainly led by moderate-deep and deep convections. Asidefrom the characteristics in common with SP, for CP, theeddy component of radial advection also plays a positiverole in warming the core, which enhances the centripetaltransport effect and

关键词： convection upper-level warm core heating budget Typhoon Meranti tropical cyclone

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Synergistic Effect of the Planetary-scale Disturbance, Typhoon and Meso-β-scale Convective Vortex on the Extremely Intense Rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 428-446页

作者： Guanshun ZHANG Jiangyu MAO Wei HUA Xiaofei WU Ruizao SUN Ziyu YAN Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique CMAZhengzhou 450003China henan Meteorological Service Center Zhengzhou 450003China School of Geo-Science and Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

On 20 July 2021,northern henan Province in China experienced catastrophic flooding as a result of an extremely intense rainstorm,with a record-breaking hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm during 0800–0900 UTC and daily accumulated rainfall in Zhengzhou City exceeding 600 mm(“Zhengzhou 7.20 rainstorm”for short).The multi-scale dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms for this rainstorm are investigated based on station-observed and ERA-5 reanalysis *** backward trajectory tracking shows that the warm,moist air from the northwestern Pacific was mainly transported toward henan Province by confluent southeasterlies on the northern side of a strong typhoon In-Fa(2021),with the convergent southerlies associated with a weaker typhoon Cempaka(2021)concurrently transporting moisture northward from South China Sea,supporting the *** the upper troposphere,two equatorward-intruding potential vorticity(PV)streamers within the planetary-scale wave train were located over northern henan Province,forming significant divergent flow aloft to induce stronger ascending motion ***,the converged moist air was also blocked by the mountains in western henan Province and forced to rise so that a deep meso-β-scale convective vortex(MβCV)was induced over the west of Zhengzhou *** PV budget analyses demonstrate that the MβCV development was attributed to the positive feedback between the rainfall-related diabatic heating and high-PV under the strong upward PV advection during the Zhengzhou 7.20 ***,the MβCV was forced by upper-level larger-scale westerlies becoming eastward-sloping,which allowed the mixtures of abundant raindrops and hydrometeors to ascend slantwise and accumulate just over Zhengzhou City,resulting in the record-breaking hourly rainfall locally.

关键词： extreme rainstorm potential vorticity trajectory tracking planetary-scale disturbance meso-β-scale convective system

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Comparison of three remotely sensed drought indices for assessing the impact of drought on winter wheat yield

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第4期13卷 504-526页

作者： Jianxi Huang Wen Zhuo Ying Li Ran Huang Fernando Sedano Wei Su Jinwei Dong Liyan Tian Yanbo Huang Dehai Zhu Xiaodong Zhang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China key laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards Ministry of AgricultureBeijingPeople’s Republic of China cma·henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique ZhengzhouPeople’s Republic of China henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences ZhengzhouPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geography College of GeosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCrop Production Systems Research UnitStonevilleMSUSA

Agricultural drought threatens food *** remote-sensing drought indices have been developed,but their different principles,assumptions and physical quantities make it necessary to compare their suitability for drought monitoring over large ***,we analyzed the performance of three typical remote sensing-based drought indices for monitoring agricultural drought in two major agricultural production regions in Shaanxi and henan provinces,northern China(predominantly rain-fed and irrigated agriculture,respectively):vegetation health index(VHI),temperature vegetation dryness index(TVDI)and drought severity index(DSI).We compared the agreement between these indices and the standardized precipitation index(SPI),soil moisture,winter wheat yield and National Meteorological Drought Monitoring(NMDM)*** average,DSI outperformed the other indices,with stronger correlations with SPI and soil *** also corresponded better with soil moisture and NMDM *** jointing and grain-filling stages of winter wheat are more sensitive to water stress,indicating that winter wheat required more water during these ***,the correlations between the drought indices and SPI,soil moisture,and winter wheat yield were generally stronger in Shaanxi province than in henan province,suggesting that remote-sensing drought indices provide more accurate predictions of the impacts of drought in predominantly rain-fed agricultural areas.

关键词： Agricultural drought remote sensing drought index winter wheat yield

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Study on Meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment System of Northern henan:A Case Study of Huixian City

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Asian Agricultural Research 2013年第5期5卷 93-97页

作者： Xinjian ZHU Xinzhou ZANG Shiping Duan Huailiang CHEN henan key laboratory of agrometeorological Ensuring and applied technique China Meteorological Administration Huojia Meteorological Bureau of henan Province

Based on the meteorological data and geological disaster information of Huixian in northern henan during 1961-2009, four disaster-inducing factors like rainstorm, hail, gale and geological disasters were analyzed, and then a meteorological disaster risk evaluation index system was established to zone meteorological disaster risk, finally the meteorological disaster risk zoning map was obtained. The results show that rainstorm, hail and geographical disasters appeared more frequently in mountains than plains; on the contrary, gale occurred more frequently in plains. These conclusions could provide scientific and technological support and theoretical foundation for preventing meteorological disasters in Huixian.

关键词： Huixian Disaster Risk assessment System

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Deep Learning-Based Automatic Identification of Gust Fronts from Weather Radar Data

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第6期 1021-1031页

作者： Haoran ZHANG Jiafeng ZHENG Chao LIU Junling DONG Yihua LIU Tingwei PENG School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology China Meteorological Administration key laboratory for Aviation Meteorology henan Meteorological Observatory henan key laboratory of agrometeorological support and applied technique China Meteorological Administration

Gust fronts, which are characterized by strong winds and intense wind shear, pose a threat to both aviation and public safety. To aid forecasters in issuing timely warnings for this hazardous weather phenomenon, a deep learningbased automatic gust front identification algorithm is proposed in this study. The algorithm utilizes Mask Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Mask R-CNN), a state-of-the-art instance segmentation model, trained on a large dataset of 2623 gust front samples from S-band weather radar volume scans in East China and the North China Plain between 2009 and 2016. Extensive data preprocessing and manual annotation are performed to prepare the training dataset. The optimized model achieves impressive performance on a test set of 604 samples, with a detection probability of 93.21%, a false alarm rate of 3.60%, a missed alarm rate of 6.79%, and a critical success index of90.08%. The algorithm demonstrates robust identification capabilities across gust fronts of varying scales, types, and parent thunderstorm systems, highlighting its operational applicability.

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Neural network assisted high-spatial-resolution polarimetry with non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 2732-2741页

作者： Chen Chen Xingjian Xiao Xin Ye Jiacheng Sun Jitao Ji Rongtao Yu Wange Song Shining Zhu Tao Li Nanjing University National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationsJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences210093 NanjingChina

Polarimetry plays an indispensable role in modern ***,the current strategies generally suffer from bulky system volume or spatial multiplexing scheme,resulting in limited performances when dealing with inhomogeneous ***,we propose a non-interleaved,interferometric method to analyze the polarizations based on a tri-channel chiral metasurface.A deep convolutional neural network is also incorporated to enable fast,robust and accurate *** uniform and nonuniform polarizations are both measured through the metasurface *** between two semblable glasses is also *** strategy features the merits of compactness and high spatial resolution,and would inspire more intriguing design for detecting and sensing.

关键词： chiral resolution polar

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Interference-assisted kaleidoscopic meta-plexer for arbitrary spin-wavefront manipulation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 1141-1150页

作者： He-Xiu Xu Guangwei Hu Ying Li Lei Han Jianlin Zhao Yunming Sun Fang Yuan Guang-Ming Wang Zhi Hao Jiang Xiaohui Ling Tie Jun Cui Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Air and Missile Defense College Air force Engineering University710051 Xi’anChina Hunan Provincial key laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Applications College of Physics and Electronics EngineeringHengyang Normal University421008 HengyangChina School of Natural and applied Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University710072 Xi’anChina Advanced technique Department Key Lab of Aeronautics Computing Technique710075 Xi’anChina State key laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University210096 NanjingChina

Achieving simultaneous polarization and wavefront control,especially circular polarization with the auxiliary degree of freedom of light and spin angular momentum,is of fundamental importance in many optical *** are typically undesirable in highly integrated photonic circuits and ***,we propose an interference-assisted metasurface-multiplexer(meta-plexer)that counterintuitively exploits constructive and destructive interferences between hybrid meta-atoms and realizes independent spin-selective wavefront *** kaleidoscopic meta-plexers are experimentally demonstrated via two types of single-layer spinwavefront multiplexers that are composed of spatially rotated anisotropic *** type generates a spinselective Bessel-beam wavefront for spin-down light and a low scattering cross-section for stealth for spin-up *** other type demonstrates versatile control of the vortex wavefront,which is also characterized by the orbital angular momentum of light,with frequency-switchable numbers of beams under linearly polarized wave *** findings offer a distinct interference-assisted concept for realizing advanced multifunctional photonics with arbitrary and independent spin-wavefront features.A variety of applications can be readily anticipated in optical diodes,isolators,and spin-Hall meta-devices without cascading bulky optical elements.

关键词： arbitrary momentum versatile

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Emission Properties of Individual AIE-Luminogens in Solution at Room Temperature

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第23期41卷 3245-3252页

作者： Yuehua Zhao Hongbo Chen Shaojie Geng Shunjie Liu Dapeng Wang key laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022 China key laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022 China

Here,we combined the photon antibunching analysis,fluorescence correlation spectroscopy,and time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(TD-FLIM)to study the emission properties of a representative AIE-luminogen—4,4’-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline)(TPA-BT)at the single emitter level in a tetrahydrofuran(THF)/water solution where water is a non-solvent for *** findings suggest that,at a constant water fraction in the solution,the size of TPA-BT aggregates increases with the TPA-BT concentration;TPA-BT aggregates are not a quantum emitter at room temperature in the ***,utilizing TD-FLIM and a gel trapping technique allowed us to study the fluorescence lifetime of individual TPA-BT *** a polar solvent like water does not result in an overall decrease in fluorescence ***,it causes the fluorescence lifetime distribution to become wider,and only some molecules experience a decrease in their fluorescence *** results could represent a step forward in further understanding the photophysics of AIE-luminogens.

关键词： Aggregation-induced emission Fluorescence Fluorescence spectroscopy Antibunching Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

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