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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第19期78卷 223-228页

作者： C.Guillén J.Herrero Departamento de Energia(ciemat) Avda.Complutense 40.28040 MadridSpain

Tungsten oxides are interesting for a variety of applications due to their versatile optoelectronic characteristics,which can be tuned changing the composition and/or the crystalline *** due to sub-bandgap absorption is often achieved by ion intercalation or doping in WO_(3):M films(with M=H^(+),Li^(+),Na^(+),*** extra electrons),but a more direct way is creating charged oxygen vacancies(V_O^(+)and/or V_O~(2+))in sub-stoichiometric WO_(3-x)***,amorphous WO_(3-x)thin films are obtained by reactive DC sputtering of a pure W target,on unheated glass substrates,changing the oxygen to argon pressures *** control of intrinsic defects(oxygen vacancies and tungsten valence states)by the oxygen partial pressure allows tuning the morphology,sub-bandgap absorption and carrier density in these WO_(3-x)films,as it is proven by Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy,optical spectrophotometry and Hall effect measurements.

关键词： Metal oxide Stoichiometry Optical absorption Electrical conductivity

Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), in sewage sludge for land application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 558-563页

作者： De la Torre A Concejero M A Martínez M A Persistent Organic Pollutant Group Environment Department CIEMAT Avd. Complutense 22 Madrid 28040 Spain

The presence of an emerging brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane （DBDPE）, has been confirmed in Spanish sewage sludge. Thirty one samples from different urban wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） were analyzed for this brominated flame retardant. DBDPE was positively identified and quantified in all samples at lower concentrations （47.0 ± 29.7 ng/g dry weight （dw）; mean ± SD） than those obtained for decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）（290 ± 236 ng/g dw; mean ± SD） in a previous study. Influence of the WWTP characteristics in the pollutant levels was evaluated. No significant correlations were obtained between DBDPE concentrations and the population or sewage sludge production rate associated with the plants, neither wastewater treatment method. Sources of DBDPE in the sludge were also evaluated. Data indicate a common origin for DBDPE and BDE-209, which may be related to leaching processes during the use and disposal of consumer products containing these chemicals. Nevertheless, DBDPE contents are not influenced by industrial activities, which suggests that the infusion of DBDPE commercial mixture is not a source of this chemical into the environment, and indicates that the use of DBDPE in the Spanish industry is still low compared to deca-BDE.

关键词： decabromodiphenylethane polybrominated diphenyl ethers wastewater treatment plants sewage sludge

P-type SnO thin films prepared by reactive sputtering at high deposition rates

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第8期35卷 1706-1711页

作者： C.Guillén J.Herrero Department of Energy CIEMATAvda. Complutense 40Edif. 42Madrid28040Spain

SnO is an ideally suitable p-type conductive material, with large hole mobility, and has attracted great interest in connection with next-generation electronic applications. In the present work, tin oxide(SnOx)thin films were deposited on unheated soda lime glass substrates by reactive DC sputtering from a pure Sn target. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were analysed as a function of the oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering atmosphere and of the post-deposition annealing temperature in air. A structural analysis was carried out using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Optical and electrical characterizations were performed using photo-spectrometry and Hall effect measurements,respectively. The films grown at room temperature and low oxygen pressures reached high deposition rates of above 45 nm/min, showing poorly crystalline SnO and low transparency. Subsequent heating to 350℃ allowed to achieve a more crystalline tetragonal SnO with an average visible transmittance of 65%,a p-type conductivity of 0.8 S/cm, and a hole mobility of 3.5 cm^2/(V s).

关键词： Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) Nanocrystalline structure Optical absorption Hole mobility

Evaluation of trace element mobilization and control under different fluidized bed combustion scenarios

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Clean Energy 2018年第2期2卷 167-174页

作者： María Luisa Contreras Alberto Bahillo ciemat Department of EnergyAvdaComplutense 4028040 MadridSpain

As consequence of its relatively abundant reserves compared to other energy sources,coal will continue to be widely employed in power *** reduce coal’s negative impact on the environment,new approaches have been evaluated and adopted by various countries in recent years to minimize CO_(2) *** developments focused on the selection of new fuels(such as biomass fuels)to combine with coal to reduce emissions from coal combustion,whereas subsequent approaches aimed at implementing new processes for CO_(2) capture and storage,such as oxy-fuel *** addition,coal combustion is one of the main anthropogenic sources of trace elements(TE)emitted to the *** increasing knowledge acquired as to the impact of these pollutants in the environment has led to more restricted emission standards for some of these elements and to increased research on the technologies and pathways to control these *** article reviews the main factors involved in TE capture by comparing results obtained for Hg and other TEs under different control *** the effect of novel combustion processes and the potential of different pollution control techniques toward these pollutants are discussed.

关键词： trace elements mercury oxy-fuel combustion cofiring biomass

In-port-plug transmission line design of the ITER plasma position reflectometer

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 15-20页

作者： J MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ ÁCAPPA A SIMONETTO T ESTRADA E DE LA LUNA E J BLANCO Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión.ciemat Avda Complutense 40.Madrid 28040Spain CNR-ISTP via Cozzi 5320125 MilanoItaly

This work describes the microwave design of the transmission line housed in the in-port-plug region of the ITER plasma position reflectometer(PPR).The design of the components of the inport-plug reflectometers(located in equatorial port-plug 10(EPP10) and in upper-port-plug 01(UPP01)) is *** a 3 D ray tracing code, the spatial position and optimum orientation angles of each set of emission and detection antennas were determined.A feasible path was then created from the obtained antenna positions and orientations to the primary vacuum *** tall waveguides were chosen to reduce ohmic *** to space constraints in the ITER crowded environment, bends in oversized waveguides were unavoidable, and thus mode conversion was *** keep mode conversion losses at bay, hyperbolic secant curvature bends had to be used whenever ***, E-plane bends in tall waveguides proved to be especially critical, making it necessary to employ other approaches when higher bending angles were *** conversion results were obtained by evaluating the mode coupling *** losses have also been computed and their results compared with commercial simulators, obtaining a perfect agreement.

关键词： reflectometry microwave technology ITER diagnostic

Experimental investigation into temperature effect on hydro-mechanical behaviours of bentonite

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2010年第1期2卷 71-78页

作者： M.V.Villar R.Gómez-Espina A.Lloret ciemat Madrid UPC Barcelona

The bentonite barrier of underground repositories for high-level radioactive waste will be hydrated by the groundwater while it is subjected to high temperatures due to the radioactive decay of the wastes. These changes of temperature affect the hydraulic and mechanical responses of bentonite, which has important effects on design and performance of repositories. The temperature influence on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of bentonite was studied in this paper by experiments, which were carried out with the Spanish FEBEX bentonite compacted at dry densities expected in the＇ repository （from 1.5 to 1.8 Mg/m^3）. The dependence of the swelling strains of bentonite on the temperature has been measured from 30℃ to 90 ℃. At high temperatures the swelling capacity of clay slightly decreases. Also, a clear decrease of swelling pressure as a function of temperature was observed for the same dry densities. Nevertheless, the deformation of bentonite is more dependent on the stress than the temperature. An increase in the permeability of water saturated bentonite with temperature has also been detected. The water retention curves of bentonite compacted at different dry densities were determined under isochoric conditions and in the range of temperatures from 20 ℃ to 120℃. For a given density and water content, the suction decreases as the temperature increases at a rate, which is larger than the one predicted on the basis of water surface tension changing with temperature. Mechanisms related to the physico-chemical interactions that take place at microscopic level, in particular the transfer of interlayer water to the macropores triggered by temperature, seem to explain qualitatively the experimental observations.

关键词： bentonite temperature swelling permeability water retention capacity

CFD modelling:The most useful tool for developing mesoscale urban canopy parameterizations

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 407-419页

作者： Riccardo Buccolieri Jose Luis Santiago Alberto Martilli Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche edAmbientali University ofSalentoS.P.6 Lecce-MonteroniLecce 73700Italy Environment Department Research Center for EnergyEnvironment and Technology(CIEMAT)Madrid 28040Spain

1 Introduction The fact that most of the world’s population lives in cities(UN-Habitat 2016)has increased interest in urban *** models,such as the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model(***/weather-research-and-forecasting-model),are used to reproduce the meteorology and climatology over cities and around them,where the complex interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces(buildings,vegetation,urban obstacles,etc.)induce strong heterogeneity in the flow properties within the urban canopy layer(UCL)(Di Sabatino et al.2013;Lateb et al.2016;Tominaga and Stathopoulos 2016).

关键词： meteorology urban forecasting

Thermoluminescence characterization of natural and synthetic irradiated Ce-monazites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 643-650页

作者： V.Correcher C.Boronat J.Garcia-Guinea J.F.Benavente T.Rivera-Montalvo ciemat Av.Complutense 4028040MadridSpain MNCN-CSIC J.Gutierrez Abascal 228006MadridSpain Instituto Politécnico Nacional CICATA-IPNAv.Legaria 694Mexico City11500Mexico

The thermoluminescence(TL)emission of synthetic and natural Ce-monazites was characterized here to determine the potential application in the identification of microscopic defects from a qualitative point of view trying to link each TL peak to a chemical-physical *** kinetic parameters that lead the luminescence processes were calculated by means of variable heating rate and computing glow curve deconvolution methods and allow identifying three groups of components at~90,130 and 290℃(for the mineral sample)and~90,170,220,270 and 320℃(for the synthetic CePO_(4):Nd_(0.20),La_(0.25)).The main differences appreciated in these complex TL curves are mainly due to(i)the content of impurities(natural sample contains lanthanides as well as U 0.60%and Th 5.22%)and(ii)the degree of crystallinity of the samples which is directly related to the type of impurities(synthetic monazite relies only on Nd and La).The behavior of the dose response in the range of 1-8 Gy is similar for both samples;the TL intensity increases linearly as the dose increases without changes in the position of the maxima,denoting first-order kinetic luminescence *** peak could be mostly associated with structural defects(i.e.,phase transitions),chemical reactions(i.e.,Ce3+?Ce4+redox reaction,dehydration or dehydroxylation processes)or intrinsic defects(i.e.,Frenkel defects,ODCs or NBOHCs).

关键词： Thermoluminescence Kineticparameters Phosphate Ce-monazite Defects Rare earths

Antiproton identification below threshold with the AMS-02 RICH detector

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第5期41卷 158-163页

作者：李紫源 Carlos Jose Delgado Mendez Francesca Giovacchini Sadakazu Haino Julia Hoffman School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong 510275 China Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 China Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Mediambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT) Madrid E-28040 Spain Physics and Astronomy Department University of Hawaii Hawaii 96822 USA

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer（AMS-02）,which is installed on the International Space Station（ISS）,has been collecting data successfully since May *** main goals of AMS-02 are the search for cosmic anti-matter,dark matter and the precise measurement of the relative abundance of elements and isotopes in galactic cosmic *** order to identify particle properties,AMS-02 includes several specialized *** these,the AMS-02 Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector（RICH） is designed to provide a very precise measurement of the velocity and electric charge of *** describe a method to reject the dominant electron background in antiproton identification with the use of the AMS-02 RICH detector as a veto for rigidities below 3 GV.A ray tracing integration method is used to maximize the statistics of  with the lowest possible e background,providing 4 times rejection power gain for e background with respect to only 3% of  signal efficiency *** using the collected cosmic-ray data,e contamination can be well suppressed within 3% with β ≈ 1,while keeping 76% efficiency for  below the threshold.

关键词： RICH cosmic goals isotopes rejection specialized contamination maximize installed suppressed

KCl:Eu^(2+) as a solar UV-C radiation dosimeter. Optically stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence analyses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2009年第4期27卷 579-583页

作者： I.Aguirre de Cárcer H.L.D'Antoni M.Barboza-Flores V.Correcher F.Jaque Departamento Física de Materiales Universidad Autónoma Madrid Spain NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA Centro de Investig ción en Física Universidad de Sonora México Centro Investigaciones Energía y Medioambientales (ciemat) Madrid Spain

The KCI：Eu2＋ system response to UV-C was investigated by analyzing the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and ther- mo-luminescence （TL） signal produced by ultraviolet light exposure at room temperature. It was found that after UV-C ***, OSL was produced on a wide band of visible wavelengths with decay time that varied by several orders of magnitude depending on the Eu2＋ aggregation state. In spite of the low intensity of solar UV-C reaching the Earth＇s surface in Madrid （40° N, 700 m a.s.1.）, it was possible to measure the UV-C radiation dose at 6：48 solar time by using the TL response of the KCI：Eu2＋ system and differentiate it from the ambient beta radiation dose.

关键词： thermo-luminescence rare-earth-doped alkali halides solar ultraviolet dosimeter environmental radiation