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Numerical simulation of a hydrocarbon fuelled valveless pulsejet

Propulsion and Power Research 2014年第2期3卷 90-95页

作者： Joseph Kalyan Raj Isac Logu Mohanraj Enumula Srikar Sai Vijay Kumar Kannan cd-adapco india private limited BangaloreKarnataka 560066India Park College of Engineering and Technology CoimbatoreTamilnadu 641659India

Jet propulsion technology has been limited to being identified largely with turbojets and turbo-machinery driven jet *** late there has been a renewed interest in pulsejet technology and it has once again caught the imagination of *** specific characteristics of the pulsejet,such as easy scalability,absence of moving parts,reduced combustion temperatures;lower NOX formation and the like make it possess varied capabilities for use in the field of jet propulsion and the most viable option for small-scale jet *** the current work,a numerical analysis encompassing feasibility and validation of a valveless pulsejet engine was attempted using cd-adapco's STAR-CCM+CFD *** to lack of comprehensive established mathematical laws to govern the working of a pulsejet,most experimental work being performed is done by trial and *** necessitates in-depth computational studies in order to shed more light on the understanding of valveless *** results have been encouraging and in agreement with observed experimental conclusions such as,i)changes in dimensions affect the working of a pulsejet,ii)presence of a flare enhances the working of a pulsejet,and the close agreement in the frequency of *** continuous study,an optimum initial condition was achieved which enabled the pulsejet to begin operation even before 0.05 s,thereby greatly reducing computational costs if a higher time-scale were to be used.

关键词： Pulsejet Pulsed-combustion Jet engines Computational fluid dynamics Eddy-break up model Combustion modelling Propulsion STAR-CCM+

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Improvement in Socio-Economic Productivity of HIV Positive Individuals on Antiretroviral Treatment in a private Setting in South india

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World Journal of AIDS 2019年第1期9卷 23-32页

作者： Fehmida Visnegarwala Glory Alexander Ram Babu ASHA Foundation Bangalore India

PLHIV have decreased economic productivity both due to direct and indirect causes. Data from developed countries have shown that at the societal level, high costs ART are offset by increased productivity. We hypothesized that post-ART the SES would improve regardless of the baseline SES and will be sustained over time. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive SES evaluation pre/post ART initiation using an ambispective cohort study design. We used indian household-specific SES validated tool, with score of 76 being affluent, along with clinical, ART adherence data at median of 6 and 18 months post ART, and compared using paired t-tests. Among 140 persons started on ART, with a median follow up of 22 months, 118 had Pre-ART SES data, of these: 57% were women;median age was 38 years;67% were married;89 (78%) had heterosexual sex as HIV risk;40 (34%) had major OI and/or TB at presentation. Reported self-occupation was: skilled labourers 41 (35%);12 (10%) unskilled labourers;27 (23%) housewives;26 (22%) pro-fessionals/blue collar job;1 student, 10 unemployed. The median pre-post ART cd4 cell counts were: 187 and 454 cells/cumm (P < 0.01);median body weight pre-post ART was 54 and 57 kg (P < 0.01);97% of the participants were 100% adherent. The mean Pre-ART total SES score was 37.06 (+/-10.2);and Post-ART SES score 40.62 (+10.1 P < 0.001) and these results were sustained over time and remained significant even when only monthly income was considered. Our data show a significant impact of ART on SES in a sustained manner in a developing world setting, which has policy level implications.

关键词： Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) Anti Retroviral Treatment (ART) Socio-Economic Status (SES)

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