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Haplotype-resolved and chromosome-scale genomes provide insights into co-adaptation between the Amur tiger and Amur leopard

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 464-467页

作者： Hai-Meng Li Bo-Yang Liu Min-Hui Shi Le Zhang Shang-Chen Yang Sunil Kumar Sahu Liang-Yu Cui Shan-Lin Liu Nicolas Dussex Yue Ma Dan Liu Wei-Yao Kong Hao-Rong Lu Yue Zhao Love Dalén Huan Liu Tian-Ming Lan Guang-Shun Jiang Yan-Chun Xu College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518083China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China BGI Research WuhanHubei 430074China Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Centre for Palaeogenetics Svante Arrhenius väg 20CStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Zoology Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholm 10691Sweden Heilongjiang Siberian Tiger Park HarbinHeilongjiang 150000China Jinlin Provincial academy of Forestry Science ChangchunJilin 130033China China National GeneBank BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write BGI ResearchShenzhenGuangdong 518083China BGI Life Science Joint Research Center Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration College of Wildlife and Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang 150040China National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization HarbinHeilongjiang 150040China

DEAR EDITOR,Big cats,such as Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Amur leopards(P.pardus orientalis),are apex predator and have evolved specialized traits for hunting and carnivory(Moya et al.,2022),thus playing a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity by regulating prey-predator dynamics.However,human-induced pressures,habitat fragmentation,and environmental alterations have restricted these species in small and isolated populations.Currently,all extant big cats are categorized as endangered or threatened according to their conservation status.Amur tigers and Amur leopards share overlapping geographic ranges,habitats,and certain prey species in the forests of Northeast Asia(Jiang et al.,2015).To reduce interspecies conflict,these carnivores exhibit differentiated dietary and temporal niches.Amur tigers predominantly prey on large ungulates,while Amur leopards hunt small to medium-sized animals(Sugimoto et al.,2016).Additionally,they occupy different temporal niches,with tigers being active at night and leopards more active during the day.Despite spatial and temporal niche partitioning,interspecific competition between these two species is inevitable.Tigers,benefiting from their greater size,have a competitive advantage over leopards,which can manifest in occasional leopard predation by tigers and declines in leopard populations with increasing tiger density(Jiang et al.,2015).Tigers also displace leopards from marginal habitats in nature reserves where they coexist.

关键词： habitat Panthera resolved

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Ancient DNA traces a Chinese 5400-year-old cat specimen as leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis)

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第11期49卷 1076-1079页

作者： Shilun Zhu Zehui Chen Songmei Hu Weilin Wang Peng Cao Feng Liu Qingyan Dai Xiaotian Feng Ruowei Yang Wanjing Ping Qiaomei Fu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Sino-Danish Center University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of the Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shaanxi academy of Archaeology Xi'anShaanxi 710054China School of History and Culture Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030006China

Now,widely distributed modern cats are the descendant of wildcat(Felis silvestris lybica),which are assumed to have originally taken advantage of resources in human settlements,before being tamed in the Near East via ... 详细信息

关键词： assumed settlement Fuller

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Setup and data analysis for functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake cat visual cortex

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第5期29卷 588-602页

作者： Manxiu Ma Chencan Qian Yanxia Li Zhentao Zuo Zuxiang Liu State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese academy of Sciences

Functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）is one of the most commonly used methods in cognitive neuroscience on humans.In recent decades,fMRI has also been used in the awake monkey experiments to localize functional brain areas and to compare the functional differences between human and monkey brains.Several procedures and paradigms have been developed to maintain proper head fixation and to perform motion control training.In this study,we extended the application of fMRI to awake cats without training,receiving a flickering checkerboard visual stimulus projected to a screen in front of them in a block-design paradigm.We found that body movement-induced non-rigid motion introduced artifacts into the functional scans,especially those around the eye and neck.To correct for these artifacts,we developed two methods：one for general experimental design,and the other for studies of whether a checkerboard task could be used as a localizer to optimize the motioncorrection parameters.The results demonstrated that,with proper animal fixation and motion correction procedures,it is possible to perform fMRI experiments with untrained awake cats.

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging cat motion correction non-rigid motion

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High-affinity T cell receptors redirect cytokine-activated T cells (CAT) to kill cancer cells

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Synat Kang Yanyan Li Yifeng Bao Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510530China University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Cytokine-activated T cells (cats) can be easily expanded and are widely applied to cancer immunotherapy. However, the good efficacy of cats is rarely reported in clinical applications because cats have no or very low antigen specificity. The low-efficacy problem can be resolved using T cell antigen receptorengineered CAT (TCR-CAT). Herein, we demonstrate that NY-ESO-1157-165 HLA-A*02:01-specific high-affinity TCR (HAT)-transduced cats can specifically kill cancer cells with good efficacy. With low micromolar range dissociation equilibrium constants, HAT-transduced cats showed good specificity with no off-target killing. Furthermore, the high-affinity TCR-cats delivered significantly better activation and cytotoxicity than the equivalent TCR-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) in terms of interferon-γ and granzyme B production and in vitro cancer cell killing ability. TCR-CAT may be a very good alternative to the expensive TCR-T, which is considered an effective personalized cyto-immunotherapy.

关键词： cytokine-activated T cells high-affinity T cell receptor cancer immunotherapy TCR-CAT

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An inactivated recombinant rabies virus chimerically expressed RBD induces humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and RABV

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第2期38卷 244-256页

作者： Haili Zhang Hongli Jin Feihu Yan Yumeng Song Jiaxin Dai Cuicui Jiao Yujie Bai Jingxuan Sun Di Liu Shen Wang Mengyao Zhang Jilong Lu Jingbo Huang Pei Huang Yuanyuan Li Xianzhu Xia Hualei Wang Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of EducationCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun130122China Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Changchun130012China

Many studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)can infect various animals and transmit among animals,and even to humans,posing a threat to humans and animals.There is an urgent need to develop inexpensive and efficient animal vaccines to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in animals.Rabies virus(RABV)is another important zoonotic pathogen that infects almost all warmblooded animals and poses a great public health threat.The present study constructed two recombinant chimeric viruses expressing the S1 and RBD proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan01 strain based on a reverse genetic system of the RABV SRV9 strain and evaluated their immunogenicity in mice,cats and dogs.The results showed that both inactivated recombinant viruses induced durable neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and RABV and a strong cellular immune response in mice.Notably,inactivated SRV-nCoV-RBD induced earlier antibody production than SRV-nCoV-S1,which was maintained at high levels for longer periods.Inactivated SRV-nCoV-RBD induced neutralizing antibodies against both SARS-CoV-2 and RABV in cats and dogs,with a relatively broadspectrum cross-neutralization capability against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses including Alpha,Beta,Gamma,Delta,and Omicron,showing potential to be used as a safe bivalent vaccine candidate against COVID-19 and rabies in animals.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine RBD Chimeric expression RABV

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Tibetan Plateau: An evolutionary junction for the history of modern biodiversity

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 172-187页

作者： Tao DENG Feixiang WU Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna 666303China

Holding particular biological resources,the Tibetan Plateau is a unique geologic-geographic-biotic interactively unite and hence play an important role in the global biodiversity domain.The Tibetan Plateau has undergone vigorous environmental changes since the Cenozoic,and played roles switching from"a paradise of tropical animals and plants"to"the cradle of Ice Age mammalian fauna".Recent significant paleontological discoveries have refined a big picture of the evolutionary history of biodiversity on that plateau against the backdrop of major environmental changes,and paved the way for the assessment of its far-reaching impact upon the biota around the plateau and even in more remote regions.Here,based on the newly reported fossils from the Tibetan Plateau which include diverse animals and plants,we present a general review of the changing biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau and its influence in a global scale.We define the Tibetan Plateau as a junction station of the history of modern biodiversity,whose performance can be categorized in the following three patterns:(1)Local origination of endemism;(2)Local origination and"Out of Tibet";(3)Intercontinental dispersal via Tibet.The first pattern is exemplified by the snow carps,the major component of the freshwater fish fauna on the plateau,whose temporal distribution pattern of the fossil schizothoracines approximately mirrors the spatial distribution pattern of their living counterparts.Through ascent with modification,their history reflects the biological responses to the stepwise uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.The second pattern is represented by the dispersal history of some mammals since the Pliocene and some plants.The ancestors of some Ice Age mammals,e.g.,the wholly rhino,Arctic fox,and argali sheep first originated and evolved in the uplifted and frozen Tibet during the Pliocene,and then migrated toward the Arctic regions or even the North American continent at beginning of the Ice Age;the ancestor of pantherines(big cats)first rose in Tibetan Plateau dur

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Cenozoic Biodiversity Evolution Plants Fish Mammals

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Impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas

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Zoological Research 2020年第3期41卷 273-280页

作者： Xin-Lei Lai Wen-Liang Zhou Hua-Lei Gao Meng Wang Kai Gao Bao-Wei Zhang Fu-Wen Wei Yong-Gang Nie School of Life Sciences Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

Interspecific killing is a primary reason for the low survival rates of some animal species. The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial eutherian mammal and thus, in comparison to other infants, panda cubs are highly vulnerable, which may significantly influence the selection of breeding sites by females. Here, we used infrared camera traps to monitor giant panda dens for 5.5 years in Foping National Nature Reserve(FNNR) to determine how interspecific factors affect den selection by wild female pandas. Results indicated that Asian black bears(Ursus thibetanus), yellow-throated martens(Martes flavigula), leopard cats(Prionailurus bengalensis), and masked palm civets(Paguma larvata) visited the dens frequently, and the presence of these species negatively influenced den selection by female pandas. Interestingly, the presence of rodents and terrestrial birds appeared to indicate den safety, and female giant pandas were not averse and even preferred dens with a high abundance index of rodents and terrestrial birds. The den suitability index(DSI) was a reliable tool for evaluating whether dens were suitable for female giant pandas to give birth to and rear cubs, with preference for dens with high DSI values. This study increases our understanding of the den selection criteria of female giant pandas and the main threats to the survival of their cubs,thus providing important guidance for the conservation and management of this species.

关键词： Ailuropoda melanoleuca Interspecific interference competition Dens Den suitability index

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Exaggerated male pheromones in rats may increase predation cost

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 431-437页

作者： Yao-Hua ZHANG Hong-Chun LIANG Hong-Ling Guo Jian-Xu ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Horticulture and Landscape Tianjin Agricultura University Tianjin 300384 Chin CCollege of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Male animals with more conspicuous visual and acoustic signals increase their mating success, but also increase the risk of being attacked by eavesdropping predators. In rodents, males with richer sex pheromones often have higher attractiveness to females, but whether or not the males are also at higher predation risk is poorly known. Here, we used 2 laboratory inbred strains of the rat , Brown Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW), and wild-captured rats as odor donors to assess the relationship between the pheromone levels in male rats and attractiveness to domestic cats . LEW rats had significantly higher levels of male pheromones (e.g., 4-heptanone, 2-heptanone, and 9-hydroxy-2-nonanone) than BN rats. Simultaneously, wild-captured male rats were selectively assigned to 2 groups (HIGH or LOW) based on pheromone content as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Binary choice tests were carried out during the night in the test room. We found that cats spent more time investigating male bedding and urine of LEW rats than the counterpart of BN rats. Likewise, cats also preferred bedding and urine odor of the HIGH wild rats compared with the counterparts of LOW wild rats. Adding synthetic analogs of the 3 pheromone ketones into the urine of either BN rats or LOW wild rats significantly increased their attractiveness to cats. Our data suggest that the rats with exaggerated male pheromones more strongly attracted predators and thus as a consequence may suffer from elevated predation risk.

关键词： olfactory preference pheromone predator risk sexual ornament

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Correlation of the Cerebral Microvascular Blood Flow with Brain Temperature and Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010年第4期30卷 243-248页

作者：张栋李林马慧敏叶翠飞王淑友陈丁生 Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Aging Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High temperature spots on the anterior ectosylvian and low temperature spots on the posterior suprasylvian on the cortical surface of 20 cats were identified using cortical infrared thermography (CIT); the blood flow in the microcirculation on these spots was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. EA was given at Zusanli (ST 36) and changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex microcirculation were detected. Results: 1) The mean temperatures on the high (34.83±0.24°C) and low (32.28±0.27°C) temperature spots were significantly different (P0.9). Conclusion: The high temperature spots of the cortex are active functional regions of neurons with higher blood flow and a stronger response to EA. EA induces a significant increase in blood flow in the high temperature spots of the cortex.

关键词：大脑皮质电针刺激微血管液流量平均气温血流量表面温度聚氨酯

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Dynamic RNA profiles in the small intestinal epithelia of cats after Toxoplasma gondii infection

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 63-82页

作者： Bintao Zhai Shi-Chen Xie Jiyu Zhang Jun-Jun He Xing-Quan Zhu Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou730050GansuPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou730046GansuPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu030801ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Research Center for Parasites&Vectors College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128HunanPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province College of Veterinary MedicineYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China

Background Felids are the only definitive hosts ofToxoplasma gondii. However, the biological features of the feline small intestine followingT. gondii infection are poorly understood. We investigated the changes in the expression of RNAs (including mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs) in the small intestinal epithelia of cats followingT. gondii infection to improve our understanding of the life cycle ofT. gondii and cat responses toT. gondii infection.Methods Fifteen cats were randomly assigned to five groups, and the infection groups were inoculated with 600 tissue cysts of theT. gondii Pru strain by gavage. The small intestinal epithelia of cats were collected at 6, 10, 14, and 30 days post infection (DPI). Using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated the changes in RNA expression. The expression levels of differentially expressed (DE) genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) identified by RNA-seq were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Differential expression was determined using the DESeq R package.Results In total, 207 annotated lncRNAs, 20,552 novel lncRNAs, 3342 novel circRNAs and 19,409 mRNAs were identified. Among these, 70 to 344 DE mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were detected, and the post-cleavage binding sites between 725 ncRNAs and 2082 miRNAs were predicted. Using the co-location method, we predicted that a total of 235 lncRNAs target 1044 protein-coding genes, while the results of co-expression analysis revealed that 174 lncRNAs target 2097 mRNAs. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes targeted by ncRNAs suggested that most ncRNAs were significantly enriched in immune or diseases-related pathways. NcRNA regulatory networks revealed that a single ncRNA could be directly or indirectly regulated by multiple genes or ncRNAs that could influence the immune response of cats. Co-expression analysis showed that 242 circRNAs, mainly involved in immune responses, were significantly associated withT. gondii infection. In contrast, 1352 protein coding RNAs, ma

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii Definitive host Cat Small intestinal epithelia Long non-coding RNA Circular RNA mRNA

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