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Effect of future climate change on the water footprint of major crops in southern Tajikistan

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第1期2卷 60-72页

作者： Muhammadjon Kobuliev Tie Liu Zainalobudin Kobuliev Xi Chen Aminjon Gulakhmadov Anming Bao State Key Laborutory of Desert and Oasis Xinjiang Instinite of Fcology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Urmgi830011China University of Chinese Acadeny of Sciences Beijing 100049China Instinite of Water Problems Hydropower and Rcology of the Academy of Sciences of the Repubic of Taikisan Dushanbe734042Tajikistan research Center for ecology and Emironment of central asia Chinese Acadmy of SciencesUrumqi830011China China-Pakistan Joint research Center on Farth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Danghara,a major food production area in southern Tajikistan,is currently suffering from the impact of rapid climate change and intensive human *** the future impact of climate change on crop water requirements(CWRs)for the current growing period and defining the optimal sowing date to reduce future crop water demand are essential for local/regional water and food ***,this study attempted to analyze possible future climate change effects on the water requirements of major crops using the statistical downscaling method in the Danghara District to simulate the future temperature and precipitation for two future periods(2021-2050 and 2051-2080),under three representative concentration pathways(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5)according to the CanESM2 global climate *** water footprint(WFP)of major crops was calculated as a measure of their *** increased projection of precipitation and temperature probably caused an increase in the main crop’s WFP for the current growing period,which was mainly due to the green water(GW)component in the long term and a decrease in the blue water(BW)component during the second future period,except for cotton,where all components were predicted to remain *** three scenarios for the two future potato and winter wheat decreased from 5.7%to 4.8%and 3.4%to 2.2%,*** the WFP of cotton demonstrated a stable increase,according to the optimal sowing date,adecrease in irrigation demand or Bw was *** results of our study might be useful fordeveloping a new strategy related to irrigation systems and could help to find a balance betweenwater and food for environmental water demands and human use.

关键词： Optimal sowing date Representative concentration pathway Crop water requirement Statistical downscaling method Green water Blue water Southern Tajikistan

Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 581-586页

作者： Fei ZHENG Shuai HU Jiehua MA Lin WANG Kexin LI Bo WU Qing BAO Jingbei PENG Chaofan LI Haifeng ZONG Yao YAO Baoqiang TIAN Hong CHEN Xianmei LANG Fangxing FAN Xiao DONG Yanling ZHAN Tao ZHU Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU International Center for Climate and environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu International research centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Monsoon System research(CMSR) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China cas Key Lab of Regional Climate-environment for Temperate East asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and *** consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal *** this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in East asia and North *** some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming ***,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since ***,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

关键词： winter climate El Niño seasonal forecast GMST

Soil conservation and sustainable development goals(SDGs)achievement in Europe and central asia:Which role for the European soil partnership?

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第3期9卷 360-369页

作者： Hakki Emrah Erdogan Elena Havlicek Carmelo Dazzi Luca Montanarella Marc Van Liedekerke Borut Vrscaj Pavel Krasilnikov Gulchekhra Khasankhanova Ronald Vargas Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry AnkaraTurkey Federal Office for the environment FOEN Soil and Biotechnology Division3003BemeSwitzerland University of Palermo Italy European Commission Joint Research Centre1-21027IspraVAItaly Department for Agro-ecology and Natural Resources Centre for Soil and EnvironmentAgricultural Institute of SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia environmental Protection College VelenjeSlovenia Lomonosov Moscow State University Eurasian Centre for Food SecurityMoscowRussian Federation UZGIP Institute Ministry of Water ResourcesTashkentUzbekistan Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations RomeItaly

Voluntary soil protection measures are not sufficient to achieve sustainable soil management at a global ***,binding soil protection legislation at national and international levels has also proved to be insufficient for the effective protection of this almost non-renewable natural *** European Soil Partnership(ESP)and its sub-regional partnerships(Eurasian Sub-Regional Soil Partnership,Alpine Soil Partnership)were established in the context of FAO's Global Soil Partnership(GSP)with the mission to facilitate and contribute to the exchange of knowledge and technologies related to soils,to develop dialogue and to raise awareness for the need to establish a binding global agreement for sustainable soil management The ESP has taken a role of an umbrella network covering countries in Europe and central *** aims to improve the dialogue in the whole region and has encouraged establishing goals that would promote sustainable soil management taking into account various national and local approaches and priorities,as well as cultural *** ESP first regional implementation plan for the 2017—2020 period was adopted and implemented along the five GSP pillars of *** on the experience of the last four years,this study demonstrates that establishing sub-regional and national partnerships is an additional step in a concrete sustainable soil management implementation *** also suggests that a complementary approach between legal instruments and voluntary initiatives linked to the development of efficient communication and strong commitment is the key to success.

关键词： Sustainable soil management Soil partnership Soil policy Voluntary versus 52 mandatory approaches Multilevel coordination Communication and cooperation

Fossil leaves of Berhamniphyllum(Rhamnaceae) from Markam,Tibet and their biogeographic implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 224-234页

作者： Zhekun ZHOU Tengxiang WANG Jian HUANG Jia LIU Weiyudong DENG Shihu LI Chenglong DENG Tao SU Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna 666303China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Lancaster environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK

A new occurrence of buckthorn fossil leaves is reported from the upper Eocene strata of Markam Basin,southeastern Tibet,*** leaf margin is either entire or slightly *** veins are regularly spaced,forming eucamptodromous *** secondaries exist as straight lines from midvein to near margin and then arch abruptly upward and enter into a margin *** tertiary veins are densely spaced and parallel,and are percurrent to secondary *** leaf architecture conforms with Berhamniphyllum Jones and Dilcher,an extinct fossil genus reported from *** fossils are characterized by their dense secondaries,with secondary veins on the upper half portion of the blade accounting for over 40%of all secondaries.A new species,Berhamniphyllum junrongiae ***,*** et *** ***.,is *** analysis shows that confident assignment among Rhamnidium,Berchemia,and Karwinskia cannot be made based on leaf characters *** might represent an extinct common ancestor of these *** this study,several fossil Berchemia from Yunnan and Shandong are emended and reassigned to Berhamniphyllum.A new complex,namely the Berchemia Complex,is proposed based on morphology,molecular evidence,and the fossil *** complex contains the fossil leaves of Rhamnidium,Karwinskia,Berchemia,and *** historical biogeography of the Berchemia Complex is also discussed in this *** complex might have originated in the late Cretaceous in Colombia,South America,and dispersed to North America via central America during the ***,the complex moved from North America to East asia via the Bering Land Bridge no later than the late ***,the complex migrated from North America to Europe via the North Atlantic Land Bridge and then migrated further to *** East asia,it first appeared in Markam on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and then dispersed to other regions of asia.

关键词： Berchemia complex Berhamniphyllum Cenozoic Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biogeography

Why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ is a myth

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 156-174页

作者： Robert A.Spicer Tao Su Paul J.Valdes Alexander Farnsworth Fei-Xiang Wu Gongle Shi Teresa E.V.Spicer Zhekun Zhou cas Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Plant ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of Sciences School of environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

The often-used phrase ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ implies a flat-surfaced Tibet rose as a coherent entity, and that uplift was driven entirely by the collision and northward movement of India. Here, we argue that these are misconceptions derived in large part from simplistic geodynamic and climate modeling, as well as proxy misinterpretation. The growth of Tibet was a complex process involving mostly Mesozoic collisions of several Gondwanan terranes with asia, thickening the crust and generating complex relief before the arrival of India. In this review, Earth system modeling, paleoaltimetry proxies and fossil finds contribute to a new synthetic view of the topographic evolution of Tibet. A notable feature overlooked in previous models of plateau formation was the persistence through much of the Cenozoic of a wide east–west orientated deep central valley, and the formation of a plateau occurred only in the late Neogene through compression and internal sedimentation.

关键词： Tibet paleoaltimetry paleogeography paleontology Himalaya

Earliest megafossils of scandent calamoid palms from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of central India and their paleobiogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Kaustav Roy Robert A.Spicer Mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India cas Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-preserved petrified palm stems from the latest Maastrichtian(Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian(Early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh, central India are described. Their significant anatomical characteristics include a Calamus-type general stem pattern,the presence of well-preserved fibrovascular bundles(fvbs) with two wide metaxylem vessel elements(230 μm-250 μm) and one phloem strand, uniform density of fvbs, lack of continuity between protoxylem and metaxylem vessel elements, and an absence of centrifugal differentiation of sclerenchymatous fibrous *** features reveal a close resemblance to those of extant genera of scandent Calamoideae. The permineralized stems are described as a new species namely, Palmoxylon calamoides Kumar, Roy et Khan sp. *** fossils represent the oldest reliable fossil records of this family, supporting their Gondwanan origin, their importance in tracing their migration pathways from India to Europe and other continents after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia during the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis. Today the subfamily Calamoideae is disjunctly occurred in Africa, asia, Australia, Europe, and South America, but the poor deep-time fossil record of this subfamily with a small number of Cenozoic fossils makes hypotheses concerning its origin and dispersal difficult to evaluate. The present study has significant implications for the origin and migration of this subfamily and the paleoclimate.

关键词： Scandent Calamoideae Stem anatomy K-Pg Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate central India

Where were the monsoon regions and arid zones in asia prior to the Tibetan Plateau uplift?

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National Science Review 2015年第4期2卷 403-416页

作者： Xiaodong Liu Qingchun Guo Zhengtang Guo Zhi-Yong Yin Buwen Dong Robin Smith State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences cas Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of environmental & Ocean Sciences University of San Diego National centre for Atmospheric Science University of Reading

The impact of the Tibetan Plateau uplit on the asian monsoons and inland arid climates is an important but also controversial question in studies of paleoenvironmental change during the Cenozoic. In order to achieve a good understanding of the background for the formation of the asian monsoons and arid environments, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the distribution of monsoon regions and arid zones in asia before the plateau uplit. In this study, we discuss in detail the paterns of distribution of the asian monsoon and arid regions before the plateau uplit on the basis of modeling results without topography from a global coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model, compare our results with previous simulation studies and available biogeological data, and review the uncertainties in the current knowledge. Based on what we know at the moment, tropical monsoon climates existed south of 20?N in South and Southeast asia before the plateau uplit, while the East asian monsoon was entirely absent in the extratropics. hese tropical monsoons mainly resulted from the seasonal shits of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. here may have been a quasi-monsoon region in central-southern Siberia. Most of the arid regions in the asian continent were limited to the latitudes of 20–40?N, corresponding to the range of the subtropical high pressure year-around. In the meantime, the present-day arid regions located in the relatively high latitudes in central asia were most likely absent before the plateau uplit. he main results from the above modeling analyses are qualitatively consistent with the available biogeological data. hese results highlight the importance of the uplit of the Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic evolution of the asian climate patern of dry–wet conditions. Future studies should be focused on efects of the changes in land–sea distribution and atmospheric CO2 concentrations before and ater the plateau uplit, and also on cross-comparisons between numer

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau uplit the asian monsoons

Municipal wastewater treatment in China:Development history and future perspectives

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第6期13卷 3-9页

作者： Jiuhui Qu Hongchen Wang Kaijun Wang Gang Yu Bing Ke Han-Qing Yu Hongqiang Ren Xingcan Zheng Ji Li Wen-Wei Li Song Gao Hui Gong research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of environment and Nature Resources Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of environment Tsinghua UniversityBeying 100084China Administrative centre for China's Agenda 21 Ministry of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100038China cas Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion University of Science&Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of the environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 212013China North China Municipal Engineering Design&research Institute Tianjin 300074China School of environment and Civil Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Jiangsu(Yixing)Institute of environmental Industry Yixing 214200China Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs Beijing 100044China

China has the world's largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market,thus its future development will have profound influence on the *** high-speed development of China's wastewater sector over the past 40 years has forged its global leading treatment capacity and innovation ***,many problems were left behind,including underdeveloped sewers and sludge disposal facilities,low sustainability of the treatment processes,questionable wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)effluent discharge standards,and lacking global thinking on harmonious development between wastewater management,human society and the *** these challenges calls for fundamental changes in target design,policy and *** this mini-review,we revisit the development history of China's municipal wastewater management and identify the remaining ***,we highlight the future needs of sustainable development and exploring China's own wastewater management path,and outlook the future from several aspects including targets of wastewater management,policies and technologies,especially the new concept ***,we envisage the establishment of new-generation WWTPs with the vision of turning WWTP from a site of pollutant removal into a plant of energy,water and fertilizer recovery and an integrated part urban ecology in China.

关键词： China Wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) Process Management Policy New Concept WWTP

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Plant Diversity 2021年第2期43卷 111-116页

作者： Juan Yue Rong Li cas Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The species composition of plant communities is determined by a number of factors,including current environmental conditions as well as biogeographical and evolutionary *** evidence that plant diversity decreases and species relatedness increases along latitudinal and environmental gradients(e.g.,low temperatures),it remains unclear whether these same patterns occur along elevational gradients,especially in the subtropical mountainous areas harboring rich *** this study,we explored the pattern of phylogenetic relatedness of woody angiosperm assemblages and examined the effects of temperature variables on the phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm woody plants using generalized linear model in subtropical forest communities along a broad elevational gradient in the Dulong Valley of Yunnan Province,*** results showed that woody angiosperm species in local forest plots tend to be more phylogenetically related at higher elevations and in areas with lower ***,winter average temperature,rather than mean annual temperature,is a major predictor of the pattern of increasing phylogenetic relatedness with increasing *** finding is consistent with the prediction of‘Tropical Niche Conservatism’hypothesis,which highlights the role of niche constraints in driving phylogenetic community assembly along an elevational gradient.

关键词： Dulong Valley Ecological tolerance Habitat filtering Niche conservatis