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Preparation,characterization and performance of an electrospun carbon nanofiber mat applied in hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 75-84页

作者： Zhihua Yuan Xiaoxia Cheng Lubin Zhong Renxiang Wu Yuming Zheng cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), a highly toxic oxyanion known as a carcinogen and mutagen,is an issue of concern due to its adverse impact on human health. Therefore, development of effective technologies and/or materials for Cr(VI) removal from water has been of great interest for researchers. In this study, an electrospun carbon nanofiber(CNF) mat was prepared via electrospinning polyacrylonitrile(PAN), followed by thermal pre-oxidation and carbonization. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation showed that the fiber diameter of the CNF with carbonization temperature of 950°C(CNF_(950)) was about 266 *** titration analysis demonstrated that the point of zero charge p H(pHpzc) of CNF_(950) was around 7.93. CNF_(950) demonstrated high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics for Cr(VI) at pH < 3. Langmuir isotherm calculations showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on CNF_(950) was 118.8 mg/g at pH 2. The adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI) on CNF_(950) was well described by the Redlich–Peterson model, revealing that Cr(VI)adsorption was the result of a combination of monolayer and multilayer adsorption,depending on the initial Cr(VI) concentration. Solution pH greatly affected Cr(VI) adsorption onto CNF_(950) due to the electrostatic interaction, and the adsorption capacity was relatively high when pH was below 3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis revealed that the removal of Cr(VI) might be the result of a combination of redox reaction and electrostatic adsorption. The adsorption-saturated CNF_(950) could be regenerated by NaOH solution. This study extends the potential applicability of electrospun CNF mats for Cr(VI)-contaminated water purification.

关键词： Adsorption Carbon nanofiber mat Electrospinning Hexavalent chromium Redox reaction

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Degradation and mineralization of 2-chlorophenol in a single-stage anaerobic fixed-bed bioreactor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第1期63卷 86-95页

作者： GENG YiKun LI ZhengHao YUAN Li PAN XinRong SHENG GuoPing cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Department of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China

Chlorophenols(CPs) have drawn great attention due to their high toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the environment. However,the practical application of anaerobic biodegradation to remove CPs is limited by low degradation rate and incomplete mineralization. This work aims to apply a single-stage anaerobic fixed-bed bioreactor(An FBR) for complete anaerobic dechlorination and mineralization of CPs. Results showed that 2-CP removal efficiency of 99.4%, chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency of 93.0%, and methane yield of 0.22 L-CH4/g-COD could be obtained for a wide range of 2-CP loading rates(3.6–18.2 mmol L–1 d–1). Nearly complete anaerobic mineralization of 2-CP was achieved even in the absence of co-substrates,thereby greatly reducing the operation cost. This may be partly related to the attached-growth microorganisms in An FBR,allowing a higher biomass concentration and longer biomass retention time for enhanced 2-CP removal. Moreover, 16 S r RNA gene sequence analysis suggests that the An FBR harbored the potential dechlorinators(e.g., Anaeromyxobacter), phenoldegrading microbes(e.g., Comamonas and Syntrophobacter), and methanogens(e.g., Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta)after acclimation, which could cooperate effectively for 2-CP dechlorination and mineralization. Based on the identified intermediates, the possible mineralization pathway of 2-CP was proposed. These findings should be valuable to facilitate the engineering applications of An FBRs for removing CPs from wastewater.

关键词： anaerobic fixed-bed bioreactor chlorophenols degradation pathway intermediates mineralization

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Roles of glutathione and L-cysteine in the biomimetic green synthesis of CdSe quantum dots

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第6期11卷 59-67页

作者： Ling-Li Li Yin-Hua Cui Jie-Jie Chen Han-Qing Yu cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Department of Chemistry University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Biological synthesis of quantum dots （QDs） as an environmental-friendly and facile preparation method has attracted increasing interests. However, it is difficult to distinguish the roles ofbio-thiols in QDs synthesis process because of the complex nature in organisms. In this work, the CdSe QDs synthesis conditions in organisms were reconstructed by using a simplified in vitro approach to uncover the roles of two small bio-thiols in the QDs formation. CdSe QDs were synthesized with glutathione （GSH） and L-cysteine （Cys） respectively. Compared with Cys at the same molar concentration, the CdSe QDs synthesized by GSH had a larger and broader particle size distribution with improved optical properties and crystal structure. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations indicate that the stronger Cd^2＋ binding capacity ofGSH contributed a lot to the CdSe QDs formation despite ofthe greater capability Cys for selenite reduction. This work clearly demonstrates the different roles of small thiols in the Cd2^＋- stabilization in the environment and biomimetic QDs synthesis process.

关键词： CdSe Quantum dots (QDs) Biomimetic synthesis Bio-thiols Glutathione (GSH) Cysteine (Cys)

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Prospective Roles of Scanning Photoelectrochemical Microscopy in Microbial Hybrid Photosynthesis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第24期40卷 3013-3016页

作者： Xiaochun Tian Rui Bai Feng Zhao cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian361021 China

Microbial hybrid photosynthesis has attracted great interests in recent years since it integrates the advantages of natural and artificial photosynthesis for solar-to-chemical conversion. Coupling a light source with scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) shows great potential in investigating the interfacial reactions of microbial hybrid photosynthesis. In this Emerging Topic, the potential roles of SPECM in revealing biotic–abiotic interfacial electron transfer mechanisms and calculating electrode process kinetics are proposed for hybrid photosynthesis, and this will also inspire the applications of SPECM in the fields including biomineralization, photocatalytic-biodegradation and microbial photoelectrochemical systems.

关键词： Electron transfer Interfaces Photosynthesis Scanning electrochemical microscopy Scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy Semi-artificial photosynthesis

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Fabrication of mesoporous lignin-based biosorbent from rice straw and its application for heavy-metal-ion removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 132-140页

作者： Fang Xu Ting-Ting Zhu qing-quan Rao Sheng-Wen Shui Wen-Wei Li Hong-Bo He Ri-Sheng Yao School of Medical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China cas key laboratory of urban pollutant conuersion Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science&Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Environmental Monitoring Center of Taizhou Taizhou 31800China

Lignocellulosic biomass offers the most abundant renewable resource in replacing traditional fossil resources. However, it is still a major challenge to directly convert the lignin component into value-added materials. The availability of plentiful hydroxyl groups in lignin macromolecules and its unique three-dimensional structure make it an ideal precursor for mesoporous biosorbents. In this work, we reported an environmentally friendly and economically feasible method for the fabrication of mesoporous lignin-based biosorbent （MLBB） from lignocellulosic biomass through a SOB micro-thermal-explosion process, as a byproduct of microcrystalline cellulose. BET analysis reveal the average pore-size distribution of 5.50 nm, the average pore value of 0.35 cm3/g, and the specific surface area of 186 m2/g. The physicochemical properties of MLBB were studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, attenuated-total-reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and element analysis. These results showed that there are large amounts of sutfonic functional groups existing on the surface of this biosorbent. Pb（II） was used as a model heavy-metal-ion to demonstrate the technical feasibility for heavy-metal-ion removal. Considering that lignocellulosic biomass is a naturally abundant and renewable resource and SO3 micro-thermal-explosion is a proven technique, this biosorbent can be easily produced at large scale and become a sustainable and reliable resource for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Lignocellulosic biomassMesoporous biosorbentRice strawLigninSulfur trioxideMicro-thermal-explosion

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Long-term adaptive evolution of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for establishment of high concentration Cr(Ⅵ) tolerance

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 65-75页

作者： Yong Xiao Changye Xiao Feng Zhao cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Acclimation is the main method to enhance the productivity of microorganisms in environmental biotechnology,but it remains uncertain how microorganisms acquire resistance to high concentrations of pollutants during long-term *** oneidensis MR-1 was acclimated for 120 days with increasing hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))concentrations from 10 to 190 mg/*** bacterium was able to survive from the highly toxic Cr(VI)environment due to its enhanced capability to reduce Cr(VI)and the increased cell membrane *** sequenced 19 complete genomes from 7 populations of MR-1,including the ancestral strain,the evolved strains in Cr(VI)environment on days 40,80 and 120 and their corresponding controls.A total of 27,49 and 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the Cr(VI)-evolved populations on days 40,80 and 120,*** substitutions were clustered according to gene functions,and the gene mutations related to integral components of the membrane,including efflux pumps and transporters,were the key determinants of chromate *** addition,MR-1 strengthened the detoxification of Cr(VI)through gene variations involved in adenosine triphosphate binding,electron carrier activity,signal transduction and DNA *** results provide an in-depth analysis of how Cr(VI)resistance of *** MR-1 is improved by acclimation,as well as a genetic understanding of the impact of longterm exposure of microorganisms to pollution.

关键词： Environmental biotechnology Acclimation Chromate resistance Efflux pumps Detoxification

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Visible light induces bacteria to produce superoxide for manganese oxidation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 59-69页

作者： Fan Yang Junpeng Li Huan Wang Xiaofeng Xiao Rui Bai Feng Zhao cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Manganese oxides are widely distributed in soils and sediments, affecting the migration and transformation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. The microbial conversion of soluble Mn(Ⅱ) into insoluble Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ) oxides is considered to be the initial source of manganese oxides in the environment;however, whether this process is related to a physiological role remains unclear. Here, we explored the microbial manganese oxidation process under visible light by using coastal surface seawater microorganisms. Visible light greatly promotes the oxidation rate of Mn(Ⅱ), and the average rate reaches 64 μmol/(L·d). The generated manganese oxides were then conducive to Mn(Ⅱ) oxidation, thus the rapid manganese oxidation was the result of the combined action of biotic and abiotic, and biological function accounts for 88 % ± 4 %. Extracellular superoxide produced by microorganisms induced by visible light is the decisive factor for the rapid manganese oxidation in our study. But the production of these superoxides does not require the presence of Mn(Ⅱ) ions, the Mn(Ⅱ) oxidation process was more like an unintentional side reaction, which did not affect the growth of microorganisms. More than 70 % of heterotrophic microorganisms in nature are capable of producing superoxide, based on the oxidizing properties of free radicals, all these bacteria can participate in the geochemical cycle of manganese. What’s more, the superoxide oxidation pathway might be a significant natural source of manganese oxide.

关键词： Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation Manganese-oxidizing bacteria Reactive oxygen species Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ)oxides

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A novel strategy of tannery sludge disposal–converting into biochar and reusing for Cr(Ⅵ)removal from tannery wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 637-649页

作者： Zhiwei Li Di Yu Xingdong Wang Xuejiao Liu Zhen Xu Yin Wang cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Zhejiang key laboratory of urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China key laboratory of urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observatio

Tannery sludge with high chromium content has been identified as hazardous solid waste due to its potential toxic *** safety disposal and valorization of the tannery sludge remains a *** this study,the chromium stabilization mechanism was systematically investigated during chromium-rich tannery sludge was converted to biochar and the removal performance of the sludge biochar(SBC)for Cr(Ⅵ)from tannery wastewater was also *** results showed that increase in pyrolysis temperature was conductive to the stabilization of Cr and significant reduction of the proportion of Cr(Ⅵ)in *** was confirmed that the stabilization of chromium mainly was attributed to the embedding of chromium in the C matrix and the transformation of the chromium-containing substances from the amorphous Cr(OH)_(3)to the crystalline state,such as(FeMg)Cr_(2)O_(5).The biochar presented high adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅵ)at low pH and the maximal theoretical adsorption capacity of SBC produced at 800°C can reach 352 mg Cr(Ⅵ)/g,the process of which can be well expressed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order *** electrostatic effect and reduction reaction were dominantly responsible for the Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption by ***,this study provided a novel strategy for the harmless disposal and resource utilization for the solid waste containing chromium in leather industry.

关键词： Chromium-rich tannery sludge Pyrolysis Biochar Stabilizationmechanisms Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption

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Different non-radical oxidation processes of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate activation by nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第10期31卷 2614-2618页

作者： Hai-Bin Qiu Pu-Can Guo Li Yuan Guo-Ping Sheng cas key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Activated persulfate oxidation is an emerging advanced oxidation process for organic pollutant *** to different molecular structures and oxidation potentials,persulfate(PDS)and peroxymonosulfate(PMS)may show different degradation performances due to various catalytic mechanisms even by the same *** this study,the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon(N-OMC)was applied to activate PDS and PMS for degrading a model organic pollutant phenol to reveal their activation *** sults show that both PDS and PMS could be efficiently activated by *** degradation of phenol fitted well with pseudo-first-order kinetics,whose kinetic constants increased with the increase of pH,PDS/PMS dosage,and N-OMC *** on quenching experiments and electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique,the N-OMC was found to activate PDS and PMS via nonradical process of electron transfer and singlet oxygen formation,respectively,instead of the commonly observed radical *** wo rk will be useful to understand the activation processes of PDS and PMS,and benefit for the development of catalysts for pollutant degradation.

关键词： Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon Persulfate Peroxymonosulfate Non-radical process Electron transfer Singlet oxygen formation

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Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 99-105页

作者： Zhi-Long Ye Yujun Deng Yaoyin Lou Xin Ye Shaohua Chen key laboratory of urban pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiarnen 361021 China

Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater has gained extensive attention. The residue of veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater may be present in the recovered products, thereby posing pharmacological threats to the agricultural planting and human health. This study investigated antibiotic occurrence in the struvite particles recovered from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed. Results revealed that tetracyclines possessed significant residues in the struvite granules, with the values ranging from 195.2μ***^-1 to 1995.0 μ***^-1. As for fluoroquinolones, their concentrations varied from 0.4μg·kg^-1 to 1104.0 μg·kg^-1. Struvite particles were of various sizes and. shapes and displayed different antibiotic adsorption capacities. The data also showed that the smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones, indicating that the fluidized granulation process of struvite crystals plays an important role on the accumulation of antibiotics. For tetracyclines, organic matters and struvite adsorption exerted significant impacts on tetracyclines migration. The outcomes underscore the need to consider the residues of antibiotics in resource recovery from wastewater because they exert pharmacological impacts on the utilization of recovered products.

关键词： Antibiotic Struvite Phosphorus recovery Swine wastewater Fluidized bed

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