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The ubiquitin system： a critical regulator of innate immunity and pathogen-host interactions

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2016年第5期13卷 560-576页

作者： Jie Li Qi-Yao Chai Cui Hua Liu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The ubiquitin system comprises enzymes that are responsible for ubiquitination and deubiquitination, as well as ubiquitin receptors that are capable of recognizing and deciphering the ubiquitin code, which act in coordination to regulate almost all host cellular processes, including host-pathogen interactions. In response to pathogen infection, the host innate immune system launches an array of distinct antimicrobial activities encompassing inflammatory signaling, phagosomal maturation, autophagy and apoptosis, all of which are fine-tuned by the ubiquitin system to eradicate the invading pathogens and to reduce concomitant host damage. By contrast, pathogens have evolved a cohort of exquisite strategies to evade host innate immunity by usurping the ubiquitin system for their own benefits. Here, we present recent advances regarding the ubiquitin system-mediated modulation of host-pathogen interplay, with a specific focus on host innate immune defenses and bacterial pathogen immune evasion.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy bacterial pathogen innate immune signaling phagosomal maturation ubiquitin system

Competitive virus and host RNAs： the interplay of a hidden virus and host interaction

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Protein & Cell 2014年第5期5卷 348-356页

作者： Changfei Li Jun Hu Junli Hao Bao Zhao Bo Wu Lu Sun Shanxin Peng George F. Gao Songdong Meng CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Beijing 100101 China

During virus infection, viral RNAs and mRNAs function as blueprints for viral protein synthesis and possibly as pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） in innate immunity. Here, considering recent research progress in microRNAs （miRNAs） and competitive endogenous RNAs （ceRNAs）, we speculate that viral RNAs act as sponges and can sequester endogenous miRNAs within infected cells, thus cross-regulating the stability and translational efficiency of host mRNAs with shared miRNA response elements. This cross-talk and these reciprocal interactions between viral RNAs and host mRNAs are termed ＂competitive viral and host RNAs＂（cvhRNAs）. We further provide recent experimental evidence for the existence of cvhRNAs networks in hepatitis B virus （HBV）, as well as Her- pesvirus saimiri （HVS）, lytic murine cytomegalovirus （MCMV） and human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） infec- tions. In addition, the cvhRNA hypothesis also pre- dicts possible cross-regulation between host and other viruses, such as hepatitis C virus （HCV）, HIV, influenza virus, human papillomaviruses （HPV）. Since the interaction between miRNAs and viral RNAs also inevitably leads to repression of viral RNA function, we speculate that virus may evolve either to employ cvhRNA networks or to avoid miRNA targeting for optimal fitness within the host. CvhRNA networks may therefore play a fundamental role in the regulation of viral replication, infection establishment, and viral pathogenesis.

关键词： cvhRNAs virus RNAs host mRNAs,miRNA response element ceRNAs

Blood group-gut microbiome–health axis gains further support from landmark multi-omics study in swines

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第11期65卷 2338-2340页

作者： Jiejing Wang Jun Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Research into gut microbiome is one of the most productive areas of life sciences in the last decade,revealing great potential for both fundamental and translational researches.The effects of microbiota on host immuni... 详细信息

关键词： Blood metabolism immunity

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The creation of synthetic crystalline bovine insulin

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Protein & Cell 2015年第11期6卷 781-783页

作者： Yeping sun CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China

Fifty years ago, a great achievement in life science occurred in China--the complete synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin--which gave Chinese scientists a sense of great elation and pride. Insulin （Fig. 1） is a hormone secreted by 13 cells in pancreas. Before the clinical application of insulin, diabetes was a feared disease that commonly led to death. Insulin has been studied since 1868 when Paul Langerhans, a medical student in Berlin found clusters of cells in the pancreas （Langerhans, 1868）. These were later called ＂Islets of Langerhans＂. Some of these cells were eventually shown to produce insulin. The term ＂insulin＂ origins from ＂lnsel＂, the German word for ＂islet＂ or ＂small island＂（Sakula, 1988）. Frederick Grant Banting, a young Canadian physician first extracted insulin from the pancreas of a dog whose pancreatic duct had been surgically ligated at University of Toronto in 1921, with the experimental facilities provided by Prof. John James Rickard Macleod and the assistance of one of Macleod＇s students, Charles H. Best. Biochemist James Bertram Collip helped purify the extract. For this work Banting and Macleod shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine （***, 2014）.

关键词： Disulfide Bond Nobel Prize Shanghai Institute Full Activity Bovine Insulin

Science： a world without borders

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Protein & Cell 2015年第8期6卷 551-552页

作者： Joel Haywood CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

In 2010 the effects of the global financial crisis were still being felt in the UK. Stock market confidence levels were low, unemployment levels were high and job opportunities were few and far between especially for new graduates with little work experience. Unfortunately for my partner, her recent graduation and search for job opportunities within the finance and law sector could not have come at a more unsuitable time. China however had better weathered the storm of the financial crisis and presented itself as a more familiar and fruitful climate for my partner to further develop her career. Furthermore.

关键词： China Education, Graduate/methods* Great Britain Great Britain Humans International Cooperation* Science/education*

Genetic variation and function: revealing potential factors associated with microbial phenotypes

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Biophysics Reports 2021年第2期7卷 111-126页

作者： Xiaolin Liu Yue Ma Jun Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Innovations in sequencing technology have generated voluminous microbial and host genomic data,making it possible to detect these genetic variations and analyze the function influenced by them. Recently, many studies have linked such genetic variations to phenotypes through association or comparative analysis, which have further advanced our understanding of multiple microbial functions. In this review, we summarized the application of association analysis in microbes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, focusing on screening of microbial genetic variants potentially associated with phenotypes such as drug resistance, pathogenesis and novel drug targets etc.; reviewed the application of additional comparative genomic or transcriptomic methods to identify genetic factors associated with functions in microbes; expanded the scope of our study to focus on host genetic factors associated with certain microbes or microbiome and summarized the recent host genetic variations associated with microbial phenotypes, including susceptibility and load after infection of HIV, presence/absence of different taxa,and quantitative traits of microbiome, and lastly, discussed the challenges that may be encountered and the apparent or potential viable solutions. Gene-function analysis of microbe and microbiome is still in its infancy, and in order to unleash its full potential, it is necessary to understand its history, current status, and the challenges hindering its development.

关键词： Genetic variation Phenotype Association analysis Comparative analysis Microbiome

Innate lymphoid cells and gastrointestinal disease

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第9期48卷 763-770页

作者： Ziyu Wang Jun Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are a group of innate immune cells,which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system,together with skin and mucous membrane.ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body,particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine.ILCs respond to different microenvironments,maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines.As a result,ILCs,with complex and pleiotropic characteristics,are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases.Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells,thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration.With these special characteristics,ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy.Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category,function,and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases.In addition,potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.

关键词： Innate lymphoid cells Gastrointestinal diseases Colorectal cancer Intestinal homeostasis Cytokines Cancer immune therapy

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Entry of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第1期32卷 44-50页

作者： Fei Yuan Aihua Zheng CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV) is a globe-shaped virus covered by a dense icosahedral array of glycoproteins Gn/Gc that mediate the attachment of the virus to host cells and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Several membrane factors are involved in virus entry, including C-type lectins and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ⅡA. The post-fusion crystal structure of the Gc protein suggests that it is a class Ⅱ membrane fusion protein, similar to the E/E1 protein of flaviviruses and alphaviruses. The virus particles are internalized into host cell endosomes through the clathrin-dependent pathway, where the low pH activates the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane. With information from studies on other bunyaviruses, herein we will review our knowledge of the entry process of SFTSV.

关键词：有 thrombocytopenia 症候群病毒(SFTSV ) 的严重发烧 bunyavirus 入口熔化受体

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Adventures and lessons of an American biochemist in China

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Protein & Cell 2011年第8期2卷 601-603页

作者： Christopher J.Vavricka CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

It’s very interesting how events often lead up to each other seemingly by chance,but appear almost perfectly planned out when looking back.For the past two years,I have worked as an International Young Scientist Research Fellow at the Institute of microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing,China.Many people ask me,especially Chinese graduate students,why an American would choose to come to China as a postdoctoral researcher.

关键词： looking doctor perfectly