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Comparison of ground truth location of earthquake from InSAR and from ambient seismic noise: A case study of the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2011年第2期24卷 239-247页

作者： Jun Xie Xiangfang Zeng Weiwen Chen Zhongwen Zhan cas key laboratory of geodynamical laboratory Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Wuhan 430077 China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Seismological laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA

Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function （EGF） between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquakes which are close to one seismic station can be well located with calibration extracting from EGF. We test two algorithms in locating the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake, one algorithm is waveform-based, and the other is traveltime-based. We first compute EGF between station ZHB （a station about 40 km away from the epicenter） and five IC/IRIS stations. With the waveform-based approach, we calculate 1D synthetic single-force Green’s functions between ZHB and other four stations, and obtain traveltime corrections by correlating synthetic Green’s functions with EGFs in period band of 10–30 s. Then we locate the earthquake by minimizing the differential travel times between observed earthquake waveform and the 1D synthetic earthquake waveforms computed with focal mechanism provided by Global CMT after traveltime correction from EGFs. This waveform-based approach yields a location which error is about 13 km away from the location observed with InSAR. With the traveltime-based approach, we begin with measuring group velocity from EGFs as well as group arrival time on observed earthquake waveforms, and then locate the earthquake by minimizing the difference between observed group arrival time and arrival time measured on EGFs. This traveltime-based approach yields accuracy of 3 km, Therefore it is feasible to achieve GT5 （ground truth location with accuracy 5 km） with ambient seismic noises. The less accuracy of the waveform-based approach was mainly caused by uncertainty of focal mechanism.

关键词： ambient seismic noise estimated Green’s function ground truth location Rayleigh wave

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Effects of sedimentary layer on earthquake source modeling from geodetic inversion

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Earthquake Science 2011年第2期24卷 221-227页

作者： Weiwen Chen Sidao Ni Shengji Wei Zhenjie Wang Jun Xie Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China cas key laboratory of geodynamical Geodesy Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Wuhan 430077 China Seismological laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA

Ground deformation as observed with GPS or InSAR has been broadly inverted in constraining source parameter of earthquakes. However, for earthquakes occurring beneath sedimentary basins, the very slow sub-surface shear velocity （v S , down to 200 m/s） may cause substantial bias to earthquake source inversion if simple crustal models are used. For Bohai basin, Sichuan basin and rock-sites, we test effects of sub-surface shear velocity structure on ground deformation, and find that up to a factor of 2 overestimate of seismic moment could be generated by the basin structures. Therefore, the very slow sub-surface velocity has to be taken into account before accurate source inversion can be applied.

关键词： sedimentary layer ground deformation InSAR GPS

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Thermal evolution and dynamic mechanism of the Sichuan Basin during the Early Permian-Middle Triassic

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第12期54卷 1948-1954页

作者： HE LiJuan XU HeHua WANG JiYang State key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China cas key laboratory of the Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The Sichuan Basin, located in the western margin of Yangtze Plate, is one of the important oil-gas-bearing basins in China. During the Early Permian-Middle Triassic, the Sichuan Basin experienced regional lithospheric extension and Emeishan basalt activities, both of which influenced the basin development and thermal evolution. Here we simulated the thermal effects of lithospheric extension and the Emeishan mantle plume based on different geodynamical models. Modeling results indicated that the lithospheric temperature together with the basement heat flow was generally increasing with time due to extension. As the stretching factor was relatively small, the thinning of lithosphere, and consequently the thermal disturbance, was not great. The lithospheric extension yielded about 20% increase of the basement heat flow, with maximum value of 60?62 mW m?2 in the Early Triassic. Mantle plume model shows that the thermal evolution of the inner zone above the plume head was influenced greatly by plume activity. But the outer zone and its outside area where the Sichuan Basin is located were affected only slightly. The basalts that had erupted in the southwestern basin might disturb the basin temperature significantly, although shortly and locally. Generally, the thermal history of the Sichuan basin during the Early Permian-Middle Triassic was controlled by the lithospheric extension, but locally it superimposed thermal effects of basalt activities in its southwestern area.

关键词： tectono-thermal evolution numerical modeling lithospheric extension Emeishan basalt Sichuan Basin

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Equations of state for aqueous solutions under mantle conditions

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第6期59卷 1095-1106页

作者： ZHANG ZhiGang ZHANG Chi GENG Ming key laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

With unique physical and chemical properties, aqueous solutions in the mantle may play important roles for a number of geochemical and geodynamical processes. However, since experimental data available are very limited, people still know little about the aqueous solutions and their interactions with surrounding rocks and melts. From the perspective of thermodynamics, equation of state(EOS) is the key to push forward the modeling of aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, up to now accurate EOSs suitable for the mantle conditions are still in shortage. With discussions over several recognized EOSs, we summarize several ways to enhance the predictability of EOS: utilizing high quality data from molecular simulations, choosing functions with sound physical background, and improving the regression procedures for the empirical parameters. In the meantime, we find that the ion-bearing systems are still the focus of challenges in this area. New developments of experiments and computer simulations effectively deal with these challenges and in-depth understandings of aqueous solutions in the mantle are expected in the near future.

关键词： Aqueous solutions Mantle Equation of state Molecular dynamics First principles Fluid-rock interactions

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High-P/T experimental studies and water in the silicate mantle

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第4期59卷 683-695页

作者： YANG XiaoZhi LI Yan State key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University

Water(or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth's climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth's water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties.

关键词： High-P/T experiments Silicate mantle Water

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Redox geodynamics in Earth’s interior

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 624-640页

作者： Xiaozhi YANG Hanyong LIU Kai ZHANG State key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Redox state is an important parameter in describing the thermodynamic state of the Earth’s *** contrast to the considerable efforts in early studies that have been expended on the redox state of Earth’s different spheres,much attention in the recent about 10 years has been paid to the effects of redox state on the various geodynamical aspects of Earth’s interior,or more commonly the redox *** geodynamics plays a critical role in driving many processes that are involved in the accretion,differentiation,and re-shaping of the Earth from its early birth to modern periods and from its surface to the deep interior,including the structure,composition,nature,and evolution of the Earth and the significant effects on many important issues such as the climate change and habitability of the *** field has blossomed in these years around the chemical and physical properties of the *** this review,a brief summary is provided for the basic concepts,general background and applications relevant to redox *** redox state of the crust and mantle and its evolution have received particular attention in the past years,however,there are still fundamental issues remaining ambiguous,poorly quantified and/or even *** the same time,significant progress has been made,mostly through experimental studies,on the redox geodynamics of the Earth’s interior,including(but are not limited to)the early oxidation of the shallow mantle,the rapid growth of the early continental crust,the redox freezing and melting associated with carbon or hydrogen,the transfer of metal elements and formation of ore deposits,the low seismic velocity and high attenuation of the asthenosphere,the aerobic processes around the core-mantle boundary,and the magma degassing and released *** geodynamics is becoming increasingly important in renewing the understanding of the chemical evolution,physical properties,and dynamical processes of the Earth.

关键词： Redox geodynamics Redox state Earth’s interior

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Late Mesozoic basin and range tectonics and related magmatism in Southeast China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第2期3卷 109-124页

作者： Dezi Wang Liangshu Shu State key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

During the Late Mesozoic Middle Jurassic--Late Cretaceous, basin and range tectonics and associated magmatism representative of an extensional tectonic setting was widespread in southeastern China as a result of Pacific Plate subduction. Basin tectonics consists of post-orogenic （Type I） and intra-continental extensional basins （Type II）. Type I basins developed in the piedmont and intraland during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, in which coarse-grained terrestrial clastic sediments were deposited. Type II basins formed during intra-continental crustal thinning and were characterized by the development of grabens and half-grabens. Graben basins were mainly generated during the Middle Jurassic and were associated with bimodal volcanism. Sediments in half-grabens are intercalated with rhyolitic tufts and lavas and are Early Cretaceous in age with a dominance of Late Cretaceous-Paleogene red beds. Ranges are composed of granitoids and bimodal volcanic rocks, A-type granites and dome-type metamorphic core complexes. The authors analyzed lithological, geochemical and geochronological features of the Late Mesozoic igneous rock assemblages and proposed some geodynamical constraints on forming the basin and range tectonics of South China. A comparison of the similarities and differences of basin and range tectonics between the eastern and western shores of the Pacific is made, and the geo- dynamical evolution model of the Southeast China Block during Late Mesozoic is discussed. Studied results suggest that the basin and range terrane within South China developed on a pre-Mesozoic folded belt was derived from a polyphase tectonic evolution mainly constrained by subduction of the western Pacific Plate since the Late Mesozoic, leading to formation of various magmatism in a back-arc exten- sional setting. Its geodynamic mechanism can compare with that of basin and range tectonics in the eastern shore of the Pacific. Differences of basin and range tectonics between both sho

关键词： Basin and range tectonics Sedimentation Bimodal igneous rocks Late Mesozoic Geodynamic evolution Southeast China

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Hydration Effect on Equations of State for Minerals in the Peridotite System:Implication for Geotherms in the Mantle

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1124-1144页

作者： Yu Ye Joseph R.Smyth Guangchen Chen State key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geological Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA

Water in the deep Earth’s interior has important and profound impacts on the geodynamical properties at high-temperature(T)and high-pressure(P)conditions.A series of dense hydrous Mg-silicate(DHMS)phases are generated from dehydration of serpentines in subduction slabs below the lithosphere,including phase A,chondrodite,clinohumite,phase E,superhydrous phase B and phase *** the other hand,olivine and its high-P polymorphs of wadsleyite and ringwoodite are dominant nominally anhydrous minerals(NAMs)in the upper mantle and transition zone,which could contain significant amount of water in the forms of hydroxyl group(OH-)*** water solubilities in wadsleyite and ringwoodite are up to about 3 weight percent(wt.%),making the transition zone a most important layer for water storage in the *** can significantly affect the pressure-volumetemperature equations of state(P-V-T EOSs)for the DHMS and NAM phases,including the thermal expansivities and isothermal bulk *** this work,we collected the reported datasets for the DHMS and NAM phases,and reconstruct internally consistent ***,we further evaluated the thermodynamic Grüneisen parameters,which are fundamental for constraining the temperature distribution in an isentropic process,such as mantle *** adiabatic temperature profiles are computed for these minerals in the geological settings of normal mantle and subduction zone,and our calculation indicates that temperature is the dominant factor in determining the gradient of a geotherm,rather than the mineralogical composition.

关键词： equation of state DHMS phases nominally anhydrous minerals thermodynamic Grüneisen parameters adiabatic geotherm subduction slab mantle transition zone mineralogy

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SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the intrusives in the Tongling metallogenic cluster and its dynamic setting

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第7期51卷 911-928页

作者： GanGuo Wu Da Zhang YongJun Di WenShuan Zang XiangXin Zhang Biao Song ZhongYi Zhang State key laboratory of Geological-Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Shijiazhuang University of Economics Shijiazhuang 050031 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological S

This paper selected five typical Mesozoic intrusives from the Tongling metallogenic cluster (Xiaotongguanshan, Fenghuangshan, Xinqiao, Dongguashan, and Shatanjiao plutons), and made a systemic SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datin... 详细信息

关键词： intrusive rocks SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons geodynamics Neoproterozoic the Tongling metallogenic cluster area

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Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Features and Evolution of Southeast China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 573-586页

作者： SHU Liangshu ZHOU Xinmin DENG Ping ZHU Wenbin State key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanfing University Nanjing 210093 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

The Late Triassic to Paleogene （T3-E） basin occupies an area of 143100 km^2, being the sixth area of the whole of SE China; the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km^2; it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China. From a new 1：1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China, combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features, some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained. Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics, geometric features, relations of basin and range. According to basin-forming geodynamical mechanisms, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types, namely： 1） para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic （T3-J1） under compressional conditions; 2） rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic （J2） under a strongly extensional setting; and 3） a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene （K1-E） under back-arc extension action. From the rock assemblages of the basin, the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous （K1） and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene （K2-E）. Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins （T3-J1） is 15120 km^2, one of rift basins （J2） occupies 4640 km^2, and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km^2 including the K2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km^2. The Early Mesozoic （T3-J1） basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene （J2-E） were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics. Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed, namely： 1） the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary; 2） the Middle Jurassic rift zone; and 3） the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism. Three types of

关键词： basin-granite tectonics geodynamical evolution Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleogeographic-paleoclimatic settings SE China

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