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large-scale interplant exchange of macromolecules between soybean and dodder under nutrient stresses

Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 116-125页

作者： Jingxiong Zhang Shalan li Wenxing li Zerui Feng Shuhan Zhang Xijie Zheng Yuxing Xu Guojing Shen Man Zhao Guoyan Cao Xuna Wu Jianqiang Wu Department of economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China cas Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State key laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for life Science School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China

Parasitic plants and their hosts communicate through haustorial *** deficiency is a common stress for plants,yet little is known about whether and how host plants and parasites communicate during adaptation to such nutrient *** this study,we used transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze how soybean(Glycine max)and its parasitizing dodder(Cuscuta australis)respond to nitrate and phosphate deficiency(-N and-P).After-N and-P treatment,the soybean and dodder plants exhibited substantial changes of transcriptome and proteome,although soybean plants showed very few transcriptional responses to-P and dodder did not show any transcriptional changes to either-N ***,large-scale interplant transport of mRNAs and proteins was *** the mobile mRNAs only comprised at most 0.2%of the transcriptomes,the foreign mobile proteins could reach 6.8%of the total proteins,suggesting that proteins may be the major forms of interplant ***,the interplant mobility of macromolecules was specifically affected by the nutrient regimes and the transport of these macromolecules was very likely independently *** study provides new insight into the communication between host plants and parasites under stress conditions.

关键词： Cuscuta Mobile molecules Nutrient deficiency Host plant-parasitic plant interaction Interplant transport Systemic signaling

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Eco-evolutionary evidence for the global diversity pattern of Cycas(Cycadaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1170-1191页

作者： Jian liu Anders Jlindstrom Yiqing Gong Shanshan Dong Yusheng(Chris)liu Shouzhou Zhang Xun Gong cas key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Department of economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Biodiversity Conservancy 144/124 Moo3Soi Bua ThongBangsalaeSattahipChonburi 20250Thailand key laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen&Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518004China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indiana University-IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA

The evolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient(lDG),characterized by a peak in diversity toward the tropics,has captured significant attention in evolutionary biology and ***,the inverse lDG(i-lDG)mechanism,wherein species richness increases toward the poles,remains inadequately *** are among one of the oldest lineages of extant seed plants and have undergone extensive diversification in the ***,the extant cycad abundance exhibits an i-lDG pattern,and the underlying causes for this phenomenon remain largely ***,using 1,843 nuclear genes from a nearly complete sampling,we conducted comprehensive phylogenomic analyses to establish a robust species-level phylogeny for Cycas,the largest genus within *** then reconstructed the spatial-temporal dynamics and integrated global environmental data to evaluate the roles of species ages,diversification rates,contemporary environment,and conservatism to ancestral niches in shaping the i-lDG *** found Cycas experienced decreased diversification rates,coupled with the cooling temperature since its origin in the Eocene from continental *** regions have distinctively contributed to the formation of i-lDG for Cycas,with the northern hemisphere acting as evolutionary museums and the southern hemisphere serving as ***,water-related climate variables,specifically precipitation seasonality and potential evapotranspiration,were identified as paramount factors constraining Cycas species richness in the rainforest biome near the ***,the adherence to ancestral monsoonal climates emerges as a critical factor in sustaining the diversity *** study underscores the imperative of integrating both evolutionary and ecological approaches to comprehensively unravel the mechanisms underpinning global biodiversity patterns.

关键词： cycads latitudinal diversity gradient niche conservatism spatiotemporal diversification species richness

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Planar matrices and arrays of Feynman diagrams:poles for higher k

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 1-13页

作者： Alfredo Guevara Yong Zhang Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Department of Physics&Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Society of Fellows Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States of America cas key laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19A Yuquan RoadBejing 100049China

Planar arrays of tree diagrams were introduced as a generalization of Feynman diagrams that enable the computation of biadjoint amplitudes m_(n)(^(k))for k>*** this follow-up work,we investigate the poles of m_(n)(^(k))from the perspective of such *** general k,we characterize the underlying polytope as a Flag Complex and propose a computation of the amplitude-based solely on the knowledge of the poles,whose number is drastically less than the number of the full *** an example,we first provide all the poles for the cases(k,n)=(3,7),(3,8),(3,9),(3,10),(4,8)and(4,9)in terms of their planar arrays of degenerate Feynman *** then implement simple compatibility criteria together with an addition operation between arrays and recover the full collections/arrays for such *** the way,we implement hard and soft kinematical limits,which provide a map between the poles in kinematic space and their combinatoric *** use the operation to give a proof of a previously conjectured combinatorial duality for arrays in(k,n)and(n-k,n).We also outline the relation to boundary maps of the hypersimplex Δ_(k,n) and rays in the tropical Grassmannian Tr(k,n).

关键词： Feynman diagrams biadjoint amplitudes poles

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Targeted mutations of BnPAP2 lead to a yellow seed coat in Brassica napus l.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 724-730页

作者： Wei Huang Ruyu Jiao Hongtao Cheng Shengli Cai Jia liu Qiong Hu lili liu Bao li Tonghua Wang Mei li Dawei Zhang Mingli Yan Hunan Research Center of Heterosis Utilization in Rapeseed/Crop Research Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China Hunan key laboratory of economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization/School of life and Health Science Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China

The yellow seed trait is preferred by breeders for its potential to improve the seed quality and commercial value of Brassica *** the present study,we produced yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/cas9 system when the two BnPAP2 homologs were knocked *** staining of the seed coat demonstrated that proanthocyanidin accumulation was significantly reduced in the pap2 double mutants and decreased specifically in the endothelial and palisade layer cells of the seed *** and metabolite profiling analysis suggested that disruption of the BnPAP2 genes could reduce the expression of structural and regulated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic *** broad suppression of these genes might hinder proanthocyanidin accumulation during seed development,and thereby causing the yellow seed trait in *** results indicate that BnPAP2 might play a vital role in the regulatory network controlling proanthocyanidin accumulation.

关键词： yellow seed BnPAP2 proanthocyanidins CRISPR/cas9

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Planar matrices and arrays of Feynman diagrams

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 15-32页

作者： Freddy Cachazo Alfredo Guevara Bruno Umbert Yong Zhang Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada CECs Valdivia y Departamento de Física Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile Center for the Fundamental laws of Nature Society of Fellows and Black Hole InitiativeHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States of America Department of Applied Mathematics Western UniversityLondonON N6A 5B7Canada cas key laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China

Recently,planar collections of Feynman diagrams were proposed by Borges and one of the authors as the natural generalization of Feynman diagrams for the computation of k=3 biadjoint *** collections are one-dimensional arrays of metric trees satisfying an induced planarity and compatibility *** this work,we introduce planar matrices of Feynman diagrams as the objects that compute k=4 biadjoint *** are symmetric matrices of metric trees satisfying compatibility *** introduce two notions of combinatorial bootstrap techniques for finding collections from Feynman diagrams and matrices from *** applications of the first,we find all 693,13612 and 346710 collections for(k,n)=(3,7),(3,8)and(3,9),*** applications of the second kind,we find all90608 and 30659424 planar matrices that compute(k,n)=(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint amplitudes,*** an example of the evaluation of matrices of Feynman diagrams,we present the complete form of the(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint *** also start a study of higher-dimensional arrays of Feynman diagrams,including the combinatorial version of the duality between(k,n)and(n-k,n)objects.

关键词： Feynman diagrams biadjoint amplitudes tropical Grassmannian

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Extracellular Disintegration of Viral Proteins as an Innovative Strategy for Developing Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Against Coronavirus

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 487-496页

作者： Ke Sun Zhe Ding Xiaoying Jia Haonan Cheng Yingwen li Yan Wu Zhuoyu li Xiaohua Huang Fangxu Pu Entao li Guiyou Wang Wei Wang Yun Ding Gary Wong Sandra Chiu Jiaming lan Aiguo Hu Shanghai key laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 cas key laboratory of Molecular Virology&Immunology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 State key laboratory of Virology Center for Biosafety Mega-ScienceWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071 Division of life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230027 Department of Clinical laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230001

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has claimedmillions of lives and caused innumerable economic losses ***,state-of-the-art treatments still lag behind the continual emergence of new *** to resolving this issue is developing antivirals to deactivate coronaviruses regardless of their structural ***,we report an innovative antiviral strategy involving extracellular disintegration of viral proteins with hyperanion-grafted enediyne(EDY)*** core EDY generates reactive radical species and causes significant damage to the spike protein of coronavirus,while the hyperanion groups ensure negligible cytotoxicity of the *** EDYs exhibit antiviral activity down to nanomolar concentrations,and the selectivity index of up to 20,000 against four kinds of human coronavirus,including the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant,suggesting the high potential of this new strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and a future“disease X.”

关键词： enediyne broad spectrum antiviral protein disintegration coronavirus polyanions

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Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age of the Early Triassic Fish-Bearing-Nodule levels from Nanjing and Jurong, Jiangsu Province, South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第1期31卷 9-22页

作者： Shuang liu Zuoyu Sun Cheng Ji Min Zhou Dayong Jiang laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution Ministry of EducationDepartment of Geology and Geological MuseumPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China cas key l aboratory of economic stratigraphy and paleogeography Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyCenter for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 21000SChina

Fish-bearing-nodules are found in Early Triassic marine strata in many regions, including East Greenland, East Spitsbergen, Northwest Madagascar, Canada, Angola, and South China. A new Olenekian(Early Triassic) conodont biostratigraphic study for stratum that contains fish-bearing-nodule levels is conducted based on the longtan(lT) Section of Nanjing City and the Qingshan(QS) Section of Jurong County, Jiangsu Province, South China. A total of 101 samples were collected at the two sections and three conodont zones were recognized: in ascending order, they are Scythogondolella(Sc.) milleri Zone, Novispathodus(Nv.) pingdingshanensis Zone, and Triassospathodus(Tr.) aff. homeri Zone. The Scythogondolella milleri Zone is globally recognized as the uppermost conodont zone of the Smithian and the base of the Novispathodus pingdingshanensis Zone was previously suggested as the marker of the Smithian-Spathian boundary in the Yangtze region. The fish-bearing-nodule levels of Nanjing and Jurong are within the conodont Scythogondolella milleri Zone, laterally correlated well with the upper part of the Novispathodus waageni Zone in Chaohu of Anhui Province that also contains fish-bearing-nodule levels. The conodont biostratigraphic correlation confirms the Early Triassic fish-bearing-nodule levels in the lower Yangtze region are coeval, with an end-Smithian in age.

关键词： Early Triassic conodont fish-bearing-nodule lower Yangtze region South China

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Paleogeographic evolution of the lower Yangtze region and the break of the “platform-slope-basin” pattern during the late Ordovician

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第5期61卷 625-636页

作者： Qing CHEN Junxuan FAN linna ZHANG Xu CHEN cas key laboratory of economic stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Wide distribution of the black shales and diversification of the graptolite fauna in South China during the late Ordovician resulted from its unique paleogeographic pattern, which was significantly affected by the paleogeographic evolution of the lower Yangtze region. In the study, 120 Upper Ordovician sections from the lower Yangtze region were collected, and a unified biostratigraphic framework has been applied to these sections to establish a reliable stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Under the unified time framework, we delineate the distribution area of each lithostratigraphic unit, outline the boundary between the sea and land, and reconstruct the paleogeographic pattern for each graptolite zone. The result indicates that, with the uplift and expansion of the ‘Jiangnan Oldland' in the beginning of the late Katian, the oldland extended into the Yangtze Sea gradually from south to north, which finally separate the Jiangnan Slope and the Yangtze Platform. Consequently,the longstanding paleogeographic pattern of "platform-slope-basin" in South China was broken. The paleogeographic change led to sedimentary differentiation among the two sides of the ‘Jiangnan Oldland' during the late Ordovician. This event also led to the closure of the eastern exit of the Upper Yangtze Sea, and formed a semi-closed, limited and stagnant environment for the development of the organic-rich black shales during the late Ordovician. The major controlling factors of these paleogeographic changes in the lower Yangtze region were not consistent from the Katian to the Hirnantian. In the late Katian, the sedimentary differentiation between the east and west sides mostly resulted from regional tectonic movement-the Kwangsian ***, during the Hirnantian, the whole Yangtze region became shallower, which was mostly influenced by the concentration of the Gondwana ice sheet and the consequent global sea level drop.

关键词：奥陶纪进化裂缝岩石层位学控制因素构造运动黑页岩沉积区

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Applications of chemical imaging techniques in paleontology

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 1040-1053页

作者： Yanhong Pan liang Hu Tao Zhao cas key laboratory of economic stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Palaeobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

Chemical imaging techniques, based on a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, are designed to analyse the composition and spatial distribution of heterogeneous chemical complexes within a *** the last few decades, it has become an increasingly popular tool for characterizing trace elements,isotopic information and organic biomarkers(molecular biosignatures) found in ***, we introduce the analytical principle of each technique and the interpretation of the chemical signals, followed by a review of the main applications of these techniques in *** also demonstrate that each technique is associated with pros and cons, and the current limitations and obstacles associated with the use of each specific technique should be taken into account before being applied to fossil ***, we propose that, due to the rapid advances in the available technology and overall trends towards more multi-disciplinary studies in paleontology, chemical imaging techniques can be expected to have broader applications in paleontology in the near future.

关键词： trace elements isotopic information organic biomarkers fossil materials limits and obstacles

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Cenozoic plants from Tibet:An extraordinary decade of discovery,understanding and implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第2期66卷 205-226页

作者： Zhekun ZHOU Jia lIU linlin CHEN Robert A.SPICER Shufeng lI Jian HUANG Shitao ZHANG Yongjiang HUANG linbo JIA Jinjin HU Tao SU cas key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China cas key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Faculty of land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China State key laboratory of Paleobiology and stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China

Plant fossils play an important role in understanding landscape evolution across the Tibetan Region,as well as plant diversity across wider eastern *** the last decade or so,paleobotanical investigations within the Tibet Region have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how the present plateau formed and how this affected the regional climate and *** is because:(1)Numerous new taxa have been *** all the Cenozoic records of new plant fossil species reported from the Tibet(Xizang)Autonomous Region 45 out of 63(70%)were documented after *** these,many represent the earliest records from Asia,or in some cases worldwide,at the genus or family level.(2)These fossils show that during the Paleogene,the region now occupied by the Tibetan Plateau was a globally significant floristic exchange *** on paleobiogeographic studies,grounded by fossil evidence,there are four models of regional floristic migration and exchange,i.e.,into Tibet,out of Tibet,out of India and into/out of Africa.(3)Plant fossils evidence the asynchronous formation histories for different parts of the Tibetan *** most of the Paleogene,there was a wide east-west trending valley with a subtropical climate in central Tibet bounded by high(>4 km)mountain systems,but that by the early Oligocene the modern high plateau had begun to form by the rise of the valley *** reconstructions using radiometrically-dated plant fossil assemblages in southeastern Tibet show that by the earliest Oligocene southeastern Tibet(including the Hengduan Mountains)had reached its present elevation.(4)The coevolution between vegetation,landform and paleoenvironment is evidenced by fossil records from what is now the central Tibetan *** the Paleocene to Pliocene,plant diversity transformed from that of tropical,to subtropical forests,through warm to cool temperate woodland and eventually to deciduous shrubland in response to landscape evolution from a seas

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Cenozoic Paleobotany Flora Central valley Biodiversity

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