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Plant phenological responses to climate change on the tibetan plateau: research status and challenges

National Science Review 2015年第4期2卷 454-467页

作者： Miaogen Shen Shilong Piao Tsechoe Dorji Qiang Liu Nan Cong Xiaoqiu Chen Shuai An Shiping Wang Tao Wang Gengxin Zhang key laboratory of alpine ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences College of Urban and Environmental sciences Peking University

Phenology studies the cycle of events in nature that are initiated and driven by an annually recurring environment. Plant phenology is expected to be one of the most sensitive and easily observable natural indicators of climate change. On the tibetan plateau(TP), an accelerated warming since the mid-1980 s has resulted in signiicant environmental changes. hese new conditions are accompanied by phenological changes that are characterized by considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Satellite remote sensing observed widespread advance in the start of the plant growing season across the plateau during the 1980 s and 1990 s but substantial delay over 2000–2011 in the southwest although it continued to advance in the northeast regions of the TP. Both observational studies and controlled experiments have revealed, to some extent, the positive role of higher preseason temperature and even more precipitation in advancing the leaf onset and irst lowering date of the TP. However, a number of rarely visited research issues that are essential for understanding the role of phenology in ecosystem responses and feedback processes to climate change remain to be solved. Our review recommends that addressing the following questions should be a high priority. How did other phenological events change, such as lowering and fruiting phenology? What are the inluences from environmental changes other than temperature and precipitation, including human activities such as grazing? What are the genetic and physiological bases of plants phenological responses?How does phenological change inluence ecosystem structure and function at diferent scales and feedback to the climate system? Investigating these research questions requires, irst of all, new data of the associated environmental variables, and consistent and reliable phenological observation using diferent methodologies(i.e. in situ observations and remote sensing).

关键词： climate change plant phenology tibetan plateau

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The temperature record of the Holocene: progress and controversies

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 565-566页

作者： Juzhi Hou Can-Ge Li Shihyu Lee key laboratory of alpine ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Research center for Environmental Change Academia Sinica

The pattern of temperature variation during the Holocene, the most recent geological epoch, has been studied intensively, partly because of its significance for the development of human civilization. Prior to the 1980s, based on ice core records in Greenland and Antarctica, the climate of the Holocene was thought to have been rather stable (1)However, this view was challenged by the discovery of a substantial amount of contrary evidence.

关键词： The temperature record of the Holocene progress and controversies

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Early human occupation of the tibetan plateau

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Science Bulletin 2018年第24期63卷 1598-1600页

作者： Dongju Zhang Huan Xia Fahu Chen key laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou University key laboratory of alpine ecology (LAE) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System SciencesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The tibetan plateau,the world's "Third Pole",has an average elevation above 4,000 masl (meters above sea level)and an area of over 500×10^4km^2,It is the highest and largest plateau on earth and is very sensitive to global climate change [1,2].The cold,dry and hypoxic high-altitude environment of the plateau presents a major challenge to human ***,the history and mechanisms of prehistoric human history on the tibetan plateau-from brief hunting expeditions to seasonal hunting-gathering and finally to permanent settlements-has attracted both general interest and substantial scientific debates [3-6].Archaeological studies indicate that humans probably first explored the plateau at the end of the late *** practiced intensive seasonal hunting-gathering from 15 ka BP [6],and permanently settled regions above 3,000 masl after 3.6 ka BP,which was facilitated by the development of an agropastoral economy [3].However, the early part of the human history of the tibetan plateau is still poorly documented,due to the lack of well-preserved archaeological sites and reliable dating results (***).

关键词： The tibetan plateau average elevation human history

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A study of the construction times of the ancient cities in Ganjia Basin,Gansu Province,China

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1467-1480页

作者： XIA Huan ZHANG Dongju WANG Qiang WU Duo DUAN Yanwu CHEN Fahu key laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China key laboratory of alpine ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences CASBeijing 100101China

The Ganjia Basin in Xiahe County,Gansu Province,China,is located on the northeastern edge of the tibetan *** area lies in the transitional zone between the plateau ethnic groups dominated by ancestral tibetans,and the Central Plains dynasties dominated by ancestral Han in *** Ganjia Basin is therefore well suited to studying the history of the intermixing of the Han and tibetan *** this study,we collected samples of organic materials from two ancient cities,Bajiaocheng(BJC) and Sirougucheng(SRGC),in the Ganjia Basin,which were used for radiocarbon *** aims were to determine the construction times and function of the cities,based on the radiocarbon ages,Bayesian age modeling,and the analysis of relevant historical *** results are used to discuss the role of the Ganjia Basin in the conflicts between and the integration of the two ethnic groups during the historical *** conclude that BJC was established during 663–732 CE(Common Era);its early occupation history can be divided into an initial establishment phase(670–780 CE) and a phase of regeneration(880–1030 CE).SRGC was probably built at the time of the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties(~1271 CE).Combining the dating results with an analysis of the architectural styles and historical records,we conclude that BJC was originally built by the Tubo Kingdom as a military stronghold,and its major functions were military,economic and religious,and to support the major eastward expansion of the *** was most likely a temple-focused city intended to promote tibetan Buddhism which was a major political and religious leadership for the tibetans at that time,reflecting changes in the status of different religions in the Ganjia *** addition,the intermixing and blending of the Han and tibetan groups,reflected by the human activities in the Ganjia Basin,was an important demographic and cultural foundation for the formation of the culturally-diverse but spiritually-u

关键词： Ganjia Basin radiocarbon dating Bajiaocheng Sirougucheng ethnic amalgamation Tubo

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A review on the spread of prehistoric agriculture from southern China to mainland Southeast Asia

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Science China earth sciences 2020年第5期63卷 615-625页

作者： Yu GAO Guanghui DONG Xiaoyan YANG Fahu CHEN key laboratory of alpine ecology(LAE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The origins and spread of agriculture was one of the milestones in human *** and how prehistoric agriculture spread to mainland Southeast Asia is highly concerned,which contributed to the formation of modern Austroasiatic in this *** studies mainly focused on the time and route of rice agriculture’s introduction into Southeast Asia while millet agriculture was not paid proper *** we analyze 31214C dating data yielded from charred seeds of rice(Oryza sativa),foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum)from 128 archaeological sites in China and mainland Southeast *** result shows that millet farming was introduced to mainland Southeast Asia in the late third millennium BC and rice farming was in the late second millennium *** agriculture of mainland Southeast Asia might originate from three areas,Southwest China,Guangxi-West Guangdong and coastal *** spread route of ancient agriculture in Southwest China is close to the“Southwest Silk Road”recorded in literature,which implies there was possibly a channel of cultural exchanges on the eastern margin of tibetan plateau already in the late Neolithic period,laying the foundation for the Southwest Silk Road later.

关键词： Mainland Southeast Asia Southern China Agriculture spread Prehistoric age Southwest Silk Road

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Neolithic millet farmers contributed to the permanent settlement of the tibetan plateau by adopting barley agriculture

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 1005-1013页

作者： Yu-Chun Li Jiao-Yang Tian Feng-Wen Liu Bin-Yu Yang Kang-Shu-Yun Gu Zia Ur Rahman Li-Qin Yang Fa-Hu Chen Guang-Hui Dong Qing-Peng Kong State key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/key laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences cas center for excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences and key laboratory of alpine ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research(ITPCAS) Chinese Academy of Sciences

The permanent human settlement of the tibetan plateau(TP) has been suggested to have been facilitated by the introduction of barley agriculture ～3.6 kilo-years ago(ka).However, how barley agriculture spread onto the TP remains *** that the lower altitudes in the northeastern TP were occupied by millet cultivators from 5.2 ka, who also adopted barley farming ～4 ka, it is highly possible that it was millet farmers who brought barley agriculture onto the TP ～3.6 *** test this hypothesis, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) from 8277 tibetans and 58 514 individuals from surrounding populations,including 682 newly sequenced whole *** lines of evidence, together with radiocarbon dating of cereal remains at different elevations, supports the scenario that two haplogroups(M9a1a1c1b1a and A11a1a), which are common in contemporary tibetans(20.9%) and were probably even more common(40–50%) in early tibetans prior to historical immigrations to the TP, represent the genetic legacy of the Neolithic millet *** haplogroups originated in northern China between 10.0–6.0 ka and differentiated in the ancestors of modern tibetans ～5.2–4.0 ka, matching the dispersal history of millet *** showing that substantial genetic components in contemporary tibetans can trace their ancestry back to the Neolithic millet farmers, our study reveals that millet farmers adopted and brought barley agriculture to the TP ～3.6–3.3 ka, and made an important contribution to the tibetan gene pool.

关键词： tibetans millet farmers barley agriculture archaeology mitochondrial genomes

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Weakened East Asian summer monsoon triggers increased precipitation in Northwest China

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Science China earth sciences 2021年第5期64卷 835-837页

作者： Fahu CHEN Jie CHEN Wei HUANG key laboratory of alpine ecology(LAE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Increased precipitation/humidity in Northwest China is an important scientific issue in the context of global climatic warming(Chen et al.,2019).The climate of Northwest China is dominated by the westerly circulation and its water vapor is supplied mainly by the mid-latitude westerlies,with the rainy season occurring in summer(Chen et al.,2019;Zhang et al.,2019a).

关键词： Northwest summer precipitation

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Lacustrine Record of 1954 Flood Event on Begnas and Rupa Lake, Central Nepal

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 717-724页

作者： Sudip ACHARYA LI Can-Ge JI Kejia SUN Zhe WANG Mingda HOU Juzhi key laboratory of alpine ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

In recent decades, there have been discussions and predictions regarding the impact of climate on floods, due to its socioeconomic and environmental consequences. For accurate prediction of future flood events and their impacts, it is crucial to have an improved understanding on past flood events. Lacustrine sediments have been used as a natural archive to study the past flood events. Here, we study the impact of 1954 flood event on the lacustrine environment of Bengas and Rupa Lake in central Nepal based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF) element analysis, magnetic susceptibility(MS), total organic carbon(TOC) and the biomarker molecular compositions. Results showed that 1954 flood event had significant impacts on the two lakes in terms of detrital input, organic matter deposition and aquatic production. Before the flood event, both two studied lakes had relatively lower catchment erosion rate, lower organic matter deposition and aquatic production. During the flood event, catchment erosion and aquatic production increased in both lakes due to mass transport deposits and the increased nutrition loading attributed to flood event. Following the flood event, Begnas Lake showed the sharp increase in organic matter deposition, whereas in the Rupa Lake organic matter deposition showed minor changes. The difference in organic matter deposition in lakes during flooding event is likely due to detrital material brought and deposited by the flood activity. Overall our results suggest that lacustrine sediments are sensitive to the extreme event and would be an ideal archive for the reconstruction of flood events.

关键词： flood lacustrine environment Begnas Lake Rupa Lake Central Nepal

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Deciphering impacts of climate extremes on tibetan grasslands in the last fifteen years

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Science Bulletin 2019年第7期64卷 446-454页

作者： Dan Liu Tao Wang Tao Yang Zhengjie Yan Yongwen Liu Yutong Zhao Shilong Piao key laboratory of alpine ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life sciences Lanzhou University College of Urban and Environmental sciences and Sino-French Institute for earth System Science Peking University

Climate extremes have emerged as a crucial driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems. The tibetan plateau, facing a rapid climate change, tends to favor climate extremes. But we lack a clear understanding of the impacts of such extremes on alpine grasslands. Here we show that extreme events(drought,extreme wet, extreme cold and extreme hot) occurred at a frequency of 0.67–4 months decade^(-1) during2001–2015, with extreme precipitation predominantly occurring in June-to-August and extreme temperatures in May. Drought and extreme wet cause opposite and asymmetric effects on grassland growth,with drought-induced reductions greater than increases due to extreme wet. Grassland responses to extreme temperatures, which predominantly occur in May, show a dipole-like spatial pattern, with extreme hot(cold) events enhanced(reduced) growth in the eastern plateau but slightly reduced(enhanced) growth in the western plateau. These opposite responses to extreme temperatures over the eastern plateau are explained by the possibility that the occurrence of extreme cold slows the preseason temperature accumulation, delaying the triggering of spring phenology, while extreme hot hastens the accumulation. In the western plateau, in contrast, positive responses to extreme cold are induced by accompanying high precipitation. Furthermore, high extremeness of climate events generally led to a much lower extremeness in growth response, implying that the tibetan grasslands have a relatively high resistance to climate extremes. The ecosystem models tested could not accurately simulate grassland responses to drought and extreme temperatures, and require re-parameterization before trust can be placed in their output for this region.

关键词： Drought Extreme cold Extreme hot Growth response alpine grasslands tibetan plateau

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Elevational patterns of abundant and rare bacterial diversity and composition in mountain streams in the southeast of the tibetan plateau

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Science China earth sciences 2019年第5期62卷 853-862页

作者： Keshao LIU TANDong YAO Yongqin LIU Baiqing XU Anyi HU Yuying CHEN key laboratory of tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences cas center for excellence in tibetan plateau earth sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of alpine ecology and Biodiversity Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Elevational gradients are powerful ‘natural laboratory' for testing the responses of microbes to geophysical influences. Microbial communities are normally composed of a few abundant and many rare taxa. Abundant and rare taxa play different ecological roles in kinds of environments, but how their diversity and composition patterns response to elevation gradients is still poorly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the elevational patterns of abundant and rare bacterial diversity and composition in a mountain stream from 712 to 3435 m at Gangrigabu Mountain on the tibetan plateau, China. Our results revealed abundant and rare bacteria had similar decreasing elevation trend of alpha diversity, and both of them showed a significant elevational distance-decay relationship. However, the turnover rate of the elevational distance-decay of rare bacteria was higher than that of abundant bacteria. The species-abundance distribution patterns of rare taxonomic composition were associated with the elevational gradient, while most of abundant bacterial clades did not display any relationships with *** results suggested that rare bacteria were more sensitive to changes in elevation gradient.

关键词： Rare bacteria Diversity patterns Elevation gradients Mountain stream

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