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Cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production:A review on upstream and downstream processing

Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2018年第1期26卷 17-30页

作者： Xin Bei Tan Man Kee Lam Yoshimitsu Uemura Jun Wei Lim Chung Yiin Wong Keat Teong Lee chemical engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Centre for Biofuel and biochemical Research Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Fundamental and Applied Science Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS School of chemical engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus

Fluctuating market price of fossil fuel and overwhelming emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere have resulted in climate change and have been a global concern in this decade. Hence, biodiesel has become an alternative option to fossil diesel as it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Nevertheless, this alternative fuel that is usually derived from terrestrial oil crops will cause shortage in food supply and deforestation if mass production is realized. In recent years, cultivation of aquatic microorganism(particularly microalgae) to produce biodiesel is considered as a practical solution due to their high growth rate and ability to synthesize large quantity of lipid within their cell. However, the development of energy and cost-efficiency of microalgae cultivation system are the main issues in producing renewable microalgae biodiesel. Of late, wastewater or organic compost has been used as the cultivation medium as it can provide sufficient nutrients to sustain microalgae *** cultivation method and system are vitally important as these factors undoubtedly affect the final microalgae biomass and lipid yield. In this review, the cultivation system of microalgae, nutrients demanded for microalgae production, cell harvesting and drying, microalgae oil extraction, and utilization of microalgae biomass for biodiesel production are introduced and discussed. It is anticipated to convey clearer perspectives in upstream and downstream processes in microalgae-derived biodiesel production.

关键词： Microalgae Cultivation Lipid Biodiesel Harvesting

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Sensing characterization of Sn/In/Ti nanocomplex oxides for CO, CH_4 and NO_2

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2007年第1期50卷 18-26页

作者： BAI ShouLi1, TONG ZhangFa2, LI DianQing1, HUANG XiaoWei3, LUO RuiXian1 & CHEN AiFan1 1 State Key Laboratory of chemical Resource engineering, Beijing University of chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2 School of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China 3 College of biochemical engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China State Key Laboratory of chemical Resource engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China School of Chemistry and chemical engineering Guangxi University Nanning China College of biochemical engineering Beijing Union University Beijing China

The nanocomplex oxides of Sn-In and Sn-In-Ti were prepared by controlled co-precipitation method as sensing materials of semiconductor gas sensors for detection of CO, CH4 and NO2. Through manipulating the Sn/In cation ratio, metal salt total concentration, precipitation pH value and aging time, the nanocrystalline powders were successfully derived with chemical homogeneity and superior thermal stability, compared with the single component oxides. The particle size and morphology, surface area, and thermal and phase stabilities were characterized using TEM, TG-DTA, BET and XRD. The sensing tests showed that the Sn-In com-posites exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity for CO and NO2. The introduction of TiO2 enhanced CH4 sensitivity and selectivity, particularly, additives of Pd and Al2O3 as a dopant and surface modification greatly enhanced the sensing properties. The sensitivity depended on the composition of composites, calcination temperature and operating temperature. The optimal values were (25%In2O3- 75%SnO2)-20%TiO2 for ternary composite, 600 and 300℃, respectively. Temperature-programmed de-sorption (TPD) studies were employed to explain the gas adsorption behavior dis-played by the surface of nanocomposites and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis was used to confirm the electronic interactions existing between oxide components. The sensing mechanism of the nanocomposites was attributed to chemical and electronic synergistic effects.

关键词： SnO2-In2O3-TiO2 nanocomposites CO NO2 CH4 gas sensing

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Lysozyme adsorption to cation exchanger derivatized by sequential modification of poly(ethylenimine)-Sepharose with succinic anhydride and ethanolamine: Effect of p H and ionic strength

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2020年第2期28卷 440-444页

作者： Yangyang Zhao Xianxiu Li Linling Yu Xiaoyan Dong Yan Sun Department of biochemical engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China

In our previous work, a series of polyethylenimine(PEI)-derived cation exchangers were synthesized using PEIgrafted resin FF-PEI-L740(ionic capacity, 740 mmol·L^-1) as the basic resin to study lysozyme adsorption and chromatographic behavior. It was found that the resin with an ionic capacity of 630 mmol·L^-1(FF-PEI-CR630)possessed high adsorption performance towards lysozyme at 0–100 mmol·L^-1 Na Cl. Therefore, in this work,FF-PEI-CR630 was selected to study the influences of pH and ionic strength(IS) on protein adsorption and chromatographic behavior towards lysozyme. The increase of lysozyme adsorption capacity in the pH range of 6 to 10 was observed. However, the uptake rate decreased in the pH range of 6 to 8 and then remained essentially unchanged from pH 8 to pH 10. Increasing IS led to decreased protein adsorption capacity and increased uptake rate in different pH ranges. Besides, FF-PEI-CR630 maintained dynamic binding capacity as high as over150 mg·ml^-1 at pH 8–10 without NaCl. The research has thus provided insight into the selection of proper pH and IS conditions for protein purification by using FF-PEI-CR630.

关键词： Ion exchange pH value Adsorption Kinetics Chain delivery Dynamic binding capacity

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Head-to-tail cyclization of a heptapeptide eliminates its cytotoxicity and significantly increases its inhibition effect on amyloid β-protein fibrillation and cytotoxicity

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Frontiers of chemical Science and engineering 2018年第2期12卷 283-295页

作者： Shuai Ma Huan Zhang Xiaoyan Dong Linling Yu Jie Zheng Yan Sun Department of biochemical engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China Department of chemical and Biomolecular engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA

Amyloid-β （Aβ） protein aggregation is the main hallmark of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Inhibition of Aft fibrillation is thus a promising therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of AD. Recently, we designed a heptapeptide inhibitor, LVFFARK （LK7）. LK7 shows a promising inhibitory capability on Aft fibrillation, but is prone to self-assembling and displays high cytotoxicity, which would hinder its practical application. Herein, we modified LK7 by a head-to-tail cyclization and obtained a cyclic LK7 （cLK7）. cLK7 exhibits a different self-assembly behavior from LK7, and has higher stability against proteolysis than LK7 and little cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y cells. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that both LK7 and cLK7 could bind to Aβ40 by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, but the binding affinity of cLK7 for Afl40 （KD = 4.96 μmol/L） is six times higher than that of LK7 （KD = 32.2 μmol/L）. The strong binding enables cLK7 to stabilize the secondary structure of Aβ40 and potently inhibit its nucleation, fibrillation and cytotoxicity at extensive concentration range, whereas LK7 could only moderately inhibit Aβ40 fibrillation and cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The findings indicate that the peptide cyclization is a promising approach to enhance the performance of peptide-based amyloid inhibitors.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid β-protein cyc-lic peptide inhibition protein aggregation

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Comparative evaluation for catalytic gasification of petroleum coke and asphaltene in subcritical and supercritical water

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第4期28卷 107-118页

作者： Rachita Rana Sonil Nanda Aimee Maclennan Yongfeng Hu Janusz A.Kozinski Ajay K.Dalai Department of chemical and Biological engineering University of Saskatchewan Department of chemical and biochemical engineering University of Western Ontario Soft X-Ray Micro-Characterization Beamline Canadian Light Source Inc. New Model in Technology & engineering

Subcritical and supercritical water gasification of petroleum coke and asphaltene was performed at variable temperatures(350–650°C),feed concentrations(15–30 wt%)and reaction times(15–60 min).Nickel-impregnated activated carbon(Ni/AC)was synthesized as a catalyst for enhancing syngas yields at optimal gasification conditions(650°C,15 wt%and 60 min).Structural chemistry of precursors and chars developed at different gasification temperatures was studied using physicochemical and synchrotronbased approaches such as carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur(CHNS)analysis,thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis(TGA/DTA),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).Asphaltene testified to be a better precursor for catalytic hydrothermal gasification leading to 11.97 mmol/g of total gas yield compared to petroleum coke(8.04 mmol/g).In particular,supercritical water gasification using 5 wt%Ni/AC at 650°C with 15 wt%feed concentration for 60 min resulted in 4.17 and 2.98 mmol/g of H_2from asphaltene and petroleum coke,*** the same conditions,the respective CH_4yields from catalytic gasification of asphaltene and petroleum coke were 2.54and 1.07 mmol/***,asphaltene also seemed to an attractive feedstock for the production of highly aromatic chars through hydrothermal gasification.

关键词： Asphaltene Petroleum coke Subcritical water Supercritical water Gasification Char

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Implications from protein uptake kinetics onto dextran-grafted Sepharose FF coupled with ion exchange and affinity ligands

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2017年第7期25卷 906-910页

作者： Aiying Xue Linling Yu Yan Sun Department of biochemical engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Our previous studies have reported the presence of "chain delivery" effects of protein adsorption onto ion exchangers with polymer-grafted ion-exchange groups, such as dextran-grafted and poly(ethylenimine)-modified Sepharose gels. However, it is unclear if the "chain delivery" occurs on affinity adsorption with specific interactions. This work is designed to address this issue. A dextran-grafted Sepharose gel was prepared, and then the matrix was modified using diethylaminoethyl, a typical ion-exchange group, or octapeptide(FYCHWQDE), an affinity ligand for human immunoglobulin G(h Ig G) to prepare ion-exchange or affinity adsorbents, *** of h Ig G adsorption showed that the uptake rate represented by the effective diffusivity of h Ig G onto the dextran-grafted ion exchangers was obviously enhanced by the dextran grafting, indicating the presence of"chain delivery" of the bound proteins on the charged groups on the dextran chains. By contrast, the effective diffusivity of h Ig G changed little as ligand density increased on the dextran-grafted FYCHWQDE *** adsorption capacities decreased and effective diffusivities were not accelerated by the dextran ***, this work clarified that grafted dextran could not accelerate h Ig G uptake rate on the affinity resins, or in other words, chain delivery did not occur on the specific interaction-based affinity adsorption.

关键词： Dextran-grafted adsorbent Ion exchange chromatography Affinity chromatography lmmunoglobulin G Kinetics

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DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AS A SENSITIVE METHOD FOR ANALYZING STRUCTURAL CHANGES DURING THERMO-OXIDATION OF POLYOLEFIN ELASTOMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第2期27卷 183-188页

作者：方征平 Department of biochemical and chemical engineering Ningbo Institute of TechnologyZhejiang University Institute of Polymer Composites Zhejiang University

Dynamic rheological analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the effects of thermo-oxidation on the viscoelasticity and microstructure of polyolefin elastomers (POE).It was found that dynamic storage modulus (G′) and dynamic loss modulus (G″) at low frequency region can sensitively reflect the change of microstructure of POE,which can be seen through the"second plateau"appeared in G′versusωplots at low *** frequency dependence of loss tangent (tanδ) measured under different frequency sweeps showed that the thermo-oxidative behaviors of POE relied on the holding *** dynamic rheology test was found to be a sensitive technique for analyzing the structural changes during thermo-oxidation of polymers.

关键词： Polyolefin elastomer (POE) Thermo-oxidation Dynamic rheology Viscoelasticity.

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Effect of La,Ce on Taxus Cuspidata Cell Growth,Biosynthesis and Release of Taxol

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Journal of Rare Earths 1998年第4期16卷 61-67页

作者：元英进胡国武王传贵景莹申泮文 Department of chemical engineering and Natural Product Institute of Biochemical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

The effect of La, Ce was firstly tested on growth of the Taxus(T.) cuspidata cell suspensions, biosynthesis and release of taxol. The results indicate that the growth pattern of *** cells is altered significantly by adding high concentration of rare earth in the medium. The lag and exponential phases of cell growth are shortened, the stationary phase disappears and the biomass fluctuates periodically during the decline phase. The rare earth compounds added in the exponential phase obviously increase the taxol biosyntheis and release yields of *** cells, and the supplement of carbon source in the medium containing rare earth is also favorable to taxol biosynthesis.

关键词： Rare earths Lathanum Cerium Taxol Cell suspension culture Taxus cuspidata

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Degradation patterns of silicone-based dielectric elastomers in electrical fields

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018年第4期9卷 217-232,I0001页

作者： Liyun Yu Frederikke B.Madsen Anne L.Skov Danish Polymer Centre Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs.LyngbyDenmark

Silicone elastomers have been heavily investigated as candidates for the flexible insulator material in dielectric elastomer transducers and are as such almost ideal candidates because of their inherent softness and ***,silicone elastomers suffer from low dielectric *** shortcoming has been attempted optimized through different approaches during recent *** optimization with the sole purpose of increasing the dielectric permittivity may lead to the introduction of problematic phenomena such as premature electrical breakdown due to high leakage currents of the thin elastomer *** this work,electrical breakdown phenomena of various types of permittivity-enhanced silicone elastomers are *** showed that different types of polymer backbone chemistries lead to differences in electrical breakdown patterns,which were revealed through SEM *** may pave the way towards a better understanding of electrical breakdown mechanisms of dielectric elastomers and potentially lead to materials with increased electrical breakdown strengths.

关键词： Silicone elastomers dielectric electrical breakdown voltage stabilization characterization

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Split internal-loop photobioreactor for Scenedesmus ***:Culturing and hydrodynamics

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2021年第5期34卷 236-248页

作者： Laith S.Sabri Abbas J.Sultan Muthanna H.Al-Dahhan Multiphase Flow and Reactors engineering and Application Laboratory(mReal) Chemical and Biochemical Engineering DepartmentMissouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO65409-1230.USA University of Technology Chemical Engineering DepartmentBaghdadIraq

In this study,the evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor for culturing a species of green microalgae,Scenedesmus *** different operating superficial gas velocity and during a different time of growth(i.e.,starting for the first day until end day of the culturing process)was *** evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor was included assessing the density,pH,temperature,viscosity,surface tension,the optical density,cell population,dry biomass,and chlorophyll of the culture medium of the microalgae ***,the hydrodynamics of a Split Internal-Loop Photobioreactor with microalgae culturing was comprehensively *** particle tracking(RPT)and gamma-ray computed tomography(CT)techniques were applied for the first time to quantify and address the influence of microalgae culture on the hydrodynamic *** hydrodynamics parameters such as local liquid velocity field,shear stresses,turbulent kinetic energy,and local gas holdup profiles were measured at different superficial gas velocities as well as under different times of algae *** obtained results indicate that the flow distribution may significantly affect the performance of the photobioreactor,which may have substantial effects on the cultivation *** obtained experimental data can serve as benchmark data for the evaluation and validation of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)codes and their ***,in turn,allows us to develop efficient reactors and consequently improving the productivity and selectivity of these photobioreactors.

关键词： Scenedesmus microalgae Cylindrical airlift photobioreactor Physical properties Non-invasive gamma-ray technique

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