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Disruption of biofilms from sewage pipes under physical and chemical conditioning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第1期21卷 120-126页

作者： Charbel Mahfoud Antoine El Samrani Rita Mouawad Walid Hleihel Rim El Khatib Bruno S. Lartiges Nam Ouani Holy Spirit University of Kaslik(USEK) Faculty of Sciences and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry and Life SciencesWater and Environment Laboratory. P.B. 446JouniehLebanon Nancy University LEM-ENSG/INPL-CNRSPole de l'Eau15Avenue du CharmoisBP 40-F-54501 Vandoeuvre CedexFrance

Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacteria/biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacteria/biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono- and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 （biochemical oxygen demand） beyond the physiological salt concentration.

关键词： biofilms, biochemical oxygen demand (BODs) chemical oxygen demand (COD) biomass ionic strength

Clone, Purification and Characterization of Thermostable Aminopeptidase ST1737 from Sulfolobus tokodaii

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chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2015年第1期31卷 98-102页

作者： YU Xiaoxiao HAO Weiwei XIE Guiqiu WANG Yingwu GAO Renjun Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China College of Pharmacy Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China School of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P R. China

The aminopeptidase gene from thermophilic archaea Sulfolobustokodaii was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 codon-plus（DE3）. To overexpress the aminopeptidase, the vector pET32a was constructed, in which the target gene was fused with the genes of histidine-tag and thioredoxin（Trx）. The expressed protein was purified using Ni^2＋-column affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography and cleft with enterokinase（EK） to obtain the purified aminopeptidase（ST1737）. The biochemical and enzymic properties of the expressed ST1737 were characterized. The results show that its optimal pH and temperature are 8 and 80 ℃, respectively. The half-life of ST1737（0.2 mg/mL） is about 85 h at 90 ℃, indicating that the enzyme exhibits an excellent thermostability. The activity of ST1737 could still maintain over 85% after its treatment at 25 ℃ in different buffers with a pH range of from 6.0 to 10.5 for 24 h, demonstrating that ST1737 is stable in neutral or slight alkali environment. The enzyme shows a high activity for the substrates such as unmodified peptide Asp-Ala, while the pNPC8 shows an optimal esterase substrate specificity. These results indicate that the enzyme is a bifunctional enzyme, and different from the aminopeptidase reported before.

关键词： Aminopeptidase Sulfolobustokodaii Thermostability

Application of Photo-Fenton Process for the Treatment of Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent

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Advances in chemical engineering and Science 2014年第4期4卷 483-490页

作者： M. D. Rabelo C. R. Bellato C. M. Silva R. B. Ruy C. A. B. da Silva W. G. Nunes Department of Chemistry Federal University of Vicosa Vicosa Brazil Department of Forest engineering Federal University of Vicosa Vicosa Brazil

The present work evaluated the use of photo-Fenton process for the treatment of kraft pulp mill effluent. The photo-Fenton best operating conditions, such as pH, concentration, and H2O2: Fe2+ ratio were evaluated. The efficiency of the treatment was measured by COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal. The results showed that the optimum pH for the photo-Fenton process was equal to 3. The increase in H2O2 application resulted in an efficiency increase of the photo-Fenton process, although this was not a directly proportional relation. For most cases, the H2O2: Fe2+ proportion of 100:1 yielded the best results for COD removal. Solar radiation was more efficient than artificial UV to the COD removal. During the treatment the organic matter of the effluent was more oxidized than mineralized, showing a higher removal of COD than BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon), respectively. So, photo-Fenton process increased the BOD/ COD ration but decreased the BOD/TOC ratio.

关键词： COD ECF Bleached Kraft Pulp Photo-Fenton

Physical Modeling of the Enzymatic Glucose-Fuelled Fuel Cells

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Advances in chemical engineering and Science 2013年第4期3卷 218-226页

作者： Vladimir Zeev Rubin Lea Mor Department of Biotechnology engineering Ort Braude College Karmiel Israel SciRCon (Scientific Research Consulting) Los Angeles USA

An enzymatic glucose biofuel cell uses glucose as fuel and enzymes as biocatalyst, to transform biochemical energy into electrical energy. An analytical modelling of an enzymatic biofuel cell should be used, while developing fuel cell, to estimate its various enzymatic parameters, to obtain the highest voltage feasibly. The analytical model was developed, and the open circuit voltage (OCV) calculated by the model for various parameters of the fuel cell is in agreement with the experimental results. The OCV is interpreted by using this model, based on theoretical consideration of ions transportation in the solution. The generation and consumptions of the ions near the electrodes were defined in the model by exponential approximations, with different depletion coefficients. The model reveals that increasing the rates of hydrogen ions generation and (or) consumption by enzyme or chemical reactions leads to a higher value of OCV. The model points that the OCV is saturated with a glucose concentration and increased logarithmically with a surface enzyme concentration. Hence, a low glucose concentration is sufficient to obtain adequate OCV, on the one hand, but it can be increased by increasing electrode surface porosity, on the other hand. This model can be expanded to include time and close circuit voltage.

关键词： Enzyme Biofuel Cell Glucose Modeling Open Circle Voltage Surface Generation

Physico-chemical and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Supply Water around Dhaka City, Bangladesh

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第3期11卷 280-295页

作者： Md. Shamimuzzaman Rashed Hasan Nayeem Nargis Ara Md. Masuder Rahman Md. Iqbal Kabir Jahid Md. Nazmul Hasan Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology Jessore University of Science and Technology Jessore Bangladesh Biotechnology and Genetic engineering Discipline School of Life Sciences Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy University of Development Alternative Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology Jessore University of Science and Technology Jessore Bangladesh

Dhaka is one of the most densely-populated megacities in the world. Water supply problem is acute in this city, but the quality of drinking water has tremendous importance as potability. This study was aimed at comparing various physicochemical and microbiological parameters which are very much relevant for the drinking water quality of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. A total of 80 samples from 11 collection point of different places were collected over ten months. After that, the samples were examined by a different measuring device for physicochemical parameter testing. Considering physicochemical parameters, all water samples were within the limit for pH. However, 53.75% water had unsatisfactory for chlorine level. Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), hardness, iron, and alkalinity based unsatisfactory were 28.75%, 15.0%, 8.75%, and 3.75% respectively. Five parameters had taken into consideration to measure the microbiological quality. The cultural and biochemical methods showed that 80 water samples have a different range of contamination. The total aerobic count was unsatisfactory for 53.75% samples. Sixty-one samples were found coliform contaminated that is 76.25% of the total samples and 58.75% sample was carried fecal substances. E. coli and Vibrio was unsatisfactory as 61.25% and13.75% respectively. This study revealed that how much safe is supplied water of a municipal water supplier.

关键词： Water Quality Microbial Assay Coliform Fecal Coliform Chlorination Potability Physicochemical Properties of Water Pathogen

Jamun(Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels)seed bioactives and its biological activities:A review

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 2035-2050页

作者： Manoj Kumar Muzaffar Hasan Jose M.Lorenzo Sangram Dhumal Jyoti Nishad Nadeem Rais Aman Verma Sushil Changan Mrunal Deepak Barbhai Radha Deepak Chandran Ravi Pandiselvam Marisennayya Senapathy Abhijit Dey Prakash Chandra Pradhan Pran Mohankumar Vishal P.Deshmukh Ryszard Amarowicz Mohamed Mekhemar Baohong Zhang chemical and biochemical Processing Division ICAR – Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbai400019India Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC27858USA Agro Produce Processing Division ICAR – Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopal462038India Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia rúa Galicia n◦4Parque Tecnológico de GaliciaSan Cibrao das Viñas32900OurenseSpain Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos Facultad de Ciencias de OurenseUniversidad de Vigo32004OurenseSpain Division of Horticulture RCSM College of AgricultureKolhapur416004MaharashtraIndia Department of Food Technology Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for WomenUniversity of Delhi110096India Department of Pharmacy Bhagwant UniversityAjmer305004India Division of Plant Improvement and Pest Management ICAR – Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI)JodhpurIndia Division of Crop Physiology Biochemistry and Post-Harvest TechnologyICAR – Central Potato Research InstituteShimla171001India School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolan173229India Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Amrita School of Agricultural SciencesAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham UniversityCoimbatore642109Tamil NaduIndia Division of Physiology Biochemistry and Post-Harvest TechnologyICAR – Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI)Kasaragod671 124KeralaIndia Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversityWolaita SodoEthiopia Department of Life Sciences Presidency University86/1 College StreetKolkata700073West BengalIndia Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University BanaskanthaGujarat385506India School of Agricultural Sciences Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatore641114Tamil NaduIndia Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of ManagementKaradIndia Institute of Animal

Jamun(Syzygium cumini Skeels)is a nutritious fruit and has historically been used as both as an edible and a traditional *** jamun seed is an inedible by-product of the ***,their high concentration of phytochemicals makes them valuable components of *** studies on diverse biological activities of jamun seeds have warranted their application in human health and biomedical *** review paper discusses critically the phytochemical composition of jamun seeds and the bioactivities,including their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antidiabetic,anti-microbial,anti-obesity,hepato-protective,cardio and gastro-protective *** bioactivity of jamun seed is related to the presence of phenols,flavonoids,steroids,alkaloids,triterpenoids,tannins,and *** research in vivo,and in vitro experiments with human and animal cell models support the idea that jamun seed extract can be valuable additions in food and biomedical fields due to the diverse bio-functional ***,in-depth and systematic in vivo clinical trials using human subjects must be conducted to confirm the safe consumption limit and establish other therapeutic roles of jamun seeds for their abundant utilization as a nutraceutical or pharmacological ***,research is required to understand the exact mechanisms of the bioactivities exhibited by jamun seeds.

关键词： Bioactivity Jamun seeds Phytochemicals Health promoting activity

The quantized chemical reaction resonantly driven by multiple MIR-photons:From nature to the artificial

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Nano Research 2021年第12期14卷 4367-4369页

作者： Feng Zhang Bo Song Lei Jiang Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System School of Optical-Electrical Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

biochemical reactions in vivo occur at the temperature usually lower than that in vitro,however the underlying mechanism still remains a *** by our recent studies of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)releasing photons to resonantly drive DNA replication in a quantum way,we propose a quantized chemical reaction driven by multiple mid-infrared(MIR)*** space confinement effect of enzymes on a reactant molecule increases the lifetime of excitation state of its bond vibration,providing a chance for the bond to resonantly absorb multiple *** the energy of each MIR photon is significantly lower than that of chemical bond,the resonant absorption of multiple photons can break the appointed bond of confined *** from the traditional thermochemistry and photochemistry,the quantized chemical reactions could have a high energy efficiency and ultrahigh *** addition,we also suggest a quantum driving source for our quantum-confined superfluid reactions proposed *** quantized chemical reaction resonantly driven by multiple MIR photons holds great promise to develop novel approaches for the chemical engineering in future.

关键词： quantized chemical reaction quantized bio-synthesis quantized chemical engineering multiple mid-infrared(MIR)/far-infrared(FIR)-photon driving high efficiency and ultrahigh selectivity

蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展

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环境科学 2013年第5期34卷 1679-1686页

作者：张志剑刘萌朱军浙江大学环境与资源学院杭州310058 Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems engineering University of MinnesotaSt. Paul 55108 USA

有机废弃物处置不当引起的环境污染与潜在资源浪费已引起广泛关注,生物堆肥处理是解决有机废弃物污染与再利用的主要技术手段之一.蚯蚓堆肥和蝇蛆生物转化是废弃物生物处理与利用的两项代表性技术,不仅可将废弃物基质转化为均匀且稳定... 详细信息

有机废弃物处置不当引起的环境污染与潜在资源浪费已引起广泛关注,生物堆肥处理是解决有机废弃物污染与再利用的主要技术手段之一.蚯蚓堆肥和蝇蛆生物转化是废弃物生物处理与利用的两项代表性技术,不仅可将废弃物基质转化为均匀且稳定的类腐殖质化合物,同时收获丰富的虫体蛋白.本文在介绍蚯蚓堆肥和蝇蛆生物转化基本定义与原理的基础上,重点综述了两种技术的工艺过程与机制、影响因素与控制、以及废弃物生物质特性演变规律等;进而阐述了虫体生物量转化、肠道消化分解、生物酶降解、以及微生物区系等多重物理及生化机制共同实现有机废弃物减量化-增值化-稳定化处理的共性与差异,以及工程应用潜力与发展前景.

关键词：蚯蚓堆肥蝇蛆生物转化有机废弃物减量化增值化

Life Cycle Assessment of Motor Bike and Electric Bike in Urban Areas of China

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2005年第5期22卷 1-4页

作者：戴杜冷如波张成王成焘 Room 411 Mechanical Building School of Mechanical and Pouter EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RoadShanghai 200030 Room 411 Mechanical Building School of Mechanical and Pouter Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RoadShanghai 200030

Motor bikes (m-bike) and electric bikes (e-bike) are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential (GWP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), dissolved solids (DS), hydrocarbons (HC) than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential (AP), heavy metal (HM) than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.

关键词： motor bike electric bike life cycle assessment emission