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Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1403-1408页

作者： Jia Lin Jiane Zuo Lili Gan Peng Li Fenglin Liu Kaijun Wang Lei Chen Hainan Gan State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC) School of EnvironmentTsinghua'University Beijing 100084 China. Joint R & D Ceter of Tsinghua Univesity (Department of Environmental Science and engineering) andShandong Sifon Environmental Protection & Bio-Energy Co. Ltd. Beijing 100084 China

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste （FVW） and food waste （FW） from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS （volatile solids） with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW were conducted at the organic loading rate （OLR） of 3 kg VS/（m3-day） using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 35°C. FVW could be digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 ma/（m3-day） and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW： FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2：1 and 1：1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids （VFA） and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1：2, resulted in an increase in VFAs concentration to 1100-1200 rag/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1：1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand （sCOD） removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.

关键词： anaerobic co-digestion biochemical methane potential continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) fruit and vegetable waste food waste

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NUMERICAL MODELING PURIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF POT TEST

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第5期22卷 709-718页

作者： DAI Yu WANG De-guan ZHANG Jin-feng LUAN Qing-hua Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China College of Mechanics and Materials Science Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China College of Environmental Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Hebei University of Engineering Handan 056021 China

A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate the pollutant removal efficiency of the soil and plants in the pot test. The advection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biochemical reaction and plant uptake processes were taken into account in the model. The three-dimensional modified Richards equation was used in simulating flow field. The mass balance law was employed in deriving the equation for pollutant transport, where the diffusion and dispersion were described with the Fick-type law, the adsorption was macroscopically expressed as form isotherm, and the bio-chemical degradation process was assumed to follow the Monod kinetics. The mathematical model was descretized by the finite element numerical method. In the pot test, the hydraulic loading was assumed to have the intermittent pattern simulating the rainfall duration and the occurrence of frequency, and the concentrations of pollutants in the influent and effluent were measured. The computed overall removal rates for the CODCr and TN in four cases are in the range of 90.62% - 95.43% and 85.01% - 96.46%, respectively. The differences between the computed and tested overall removal rates for the CODCr and TN are smaller than 5%. The time-varying oscillation pattern of the concentrations of the CODCr and TN were rationally simulated, which showed that the model presented in this article could be used to assess the pollutant removal efficiency of the soil and plants in related cases.

关键词： pot test numerical modelling pollutant removal efficiency experiments

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Self-Powered Wearable Biosensors

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第3期2卷 184-197页

作者： Yu Song Daniel Mukasa Haixia Zhang Wei Gao Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadena 91125CaliforniaUnited States National Key Lab of Micro/Nano Fabrication Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

CONSPECTUS:Wearable biosensors hold the potential of revolutionizing personalized healthcare and *** in chemical sensing,flexible materials,and scalable manufacturing techniques now allow wearables to detect key physiological indicators such as temperature,vital signs,body motion,and molecular *** these systems operating on the skin,they enable continuous and noninvasive disease diagnosis and health *** complex devices,however,require suitable power sources in order to realize their full *** wearable energy harvesters are attractive for addressing the challenges of a wearable power *** harvesters convert various types of ambient energy sources(e.g.,biomechanical energy,biochemical energy,and solar energy)into *** some circumstances,the harvested electrical signals can directly be used for active sensing of physiological *** the other hand,single or hybrid wearable energy harvesters,when integrated with power management circuits and energy storage devices,could power additional biosensors as well as signal processing and data transmission *** sensor systems operate continuously and sustainably without an external power supply are promising candidates in the next generation of wearable electronics and the Internet of *** Account highlights recent progress in self-powered wearable sensors toward personalized healthcare,covering biosensors,energy harvesters,energy storage,and power supply *** Account begins with an introduction of our wearable biosensors toward an epidermal detection of physiological *** in structural and material innovations enable wearable systems to measure both biophysical and biochemical indicators conformably,accurately,and *** then discuss emerging technologies in wearable energy harvesting,classified according to their capability to scavenge energy from various *** include examples of

关键词： enable attractive Power

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Study of Biological Methods in Landfill Leachate Treatment

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Open Journal of Ecology 2017年第9期7卷 568-580页

作者： Parna Eskandari Payandeh Naser Mehrdadi Parisa Dadgar Graduate Department of Civil and Environmental engineering University of Tehran Aras International Campus Jolfa Iran Graduate Faculty of Environment University of Tehran Tehran Iran Graduate Department of Environmental engineering Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Landfill leachate is mainly the result of precipitation of water into the layers of buried waste, and biochemical reactions of waste that has dangerous substances and pollutants that lead to the contamination of surface and groundwater resources. Therefore, it must be collected and treated properly. The investigation of various biological methods in leachate treatment, their advantages and disadvantages, and their effect on reduction of COD (chemical oxygen demand) are the objectives of this study. Reviewed processes include anaerobic and aerobic sequencing batch reactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, moving-bed biofilm reactor, membrane bioreactor, and aerated lagoons, lead to reduction of biodegradability pollutants in different circumstances. The present study has indicated that the most and the least reduction of COD has been through aerated lagoon (95%) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (8%), respectively.

关键词： Biological Treatment COD Leachate Landfill Solid Waste

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Changes in interstitial fluid flow,mass transport and the bone cell response in microgravity and normogravity

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 696-714页

作者： Fei Wei Kendal Flowerdew Michael Kinzel Luigi EPerotti Jackson Asiatico Mahmoud Omer Candice Hovell Veerle Reumers Melanie J.Coathup Biionix Cluster Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Imec USA 194 NeoCity WyOrlandoFLUSA

In recent years,our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research,with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space.A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield,aiming at near-Earth asteroids,the Moon,and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future,warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme *** skeletal loss,more severe than any bone loss seen on Earth,has significant implications for deep space exploration,and it remains elusive as to why there is such a magnitude of difference between bone loss on Earth and loss in *** removal of gravity eliminates a critical primary mechano-stimulus,and when combined with exposure to both galactic and solar cosmic radiation,healthy human tissue function can be negatively *** additional effect found in microgravity,and one with limited insight,involves changes in dynamic fluid *** provide the most fundamental way to transport chemical and biochemical elements within our bodies and apply an essential mechano-stimulus to ***,the cell cytoplasm is not a simple liquid,and fluid transport phenomena together with viscoelastic deformation of the cytoskeleton play key roles in cell *** microgravity,flow behavior changes drastically,and the impact on cells within the porous system of bone and the influence of an expanding level of adiposity are not well *** review explores the role of interstitial fluid motion and solute transport in porous bone under two different conditions:normogravity and microgravity.

关键词： flow flow apply

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Total pollution effect of urban surface runoff

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1186-1193页

作者： LUO Hongbing LUO Lin HUANG Gu LIU Ping LI Jingxian HU Sheng WANG Fuxiang XU Rui HUANG Xiaoxue State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River engineering College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China College of Urban and Rural Construction Sichuan Agricultural University Du Jiangyan 611830 China. China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Beijing 100029 China Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215011 China

For pollution research with regard to urban surface runoff, most sampling strategies to date have focused on differences in land usage. With single land-use sampling, total surface runoff pollution effect cannot be evaluated unless every land usage spot is monitored. Through a new sampling strategy known as mixed stormwater sampling for a street community at discharge outlet adjacent to river, this study assessed the total urban surface runoff pollution effect caused by a variety of land uses and the pollutants washed off from the rain pipe system in the Futian River watershed in Shenzhen City of China. The water quality monitoring indices were COD （chemical oxygen demand）, TSS （total suspend solid）, TP （total phosphorus）, TN （total nitrogen） and BOD （biochemical oxygen demand）. The sums of total pollution loads discharged into the river for the four indices of COD, TSS, TN, and TP over all seven rainfall events were very different. The mathematical model for simulating total pollution loads was established from discharge outlet mixed stormwater sampling of total pollution loads on the basis of four parameters： rainfall intensity, total land area, impervious land area, and pervious land area. In order to treat surface runoff pollution, the values of MFF30 （mass first flush ratio） and FF30 （first 30% of runoff volume） can be considered as split-flow control criteria to obtain more effective and economical design of structural BMPs （best management practices） facilities.

关键词： total pollution effect mixed stormwater sampling street community pollution loads split-out flow control

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State-of-the-art and future directions of machine learning for biomass characterization and for sustainable biorefinery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 42-63,I0003页

作者： Aditya Velidandi Pradeep Kumar Gandam Madhavi Latha Chinta Srilekha Konakanchi Anji reddy Bhavanam Rama Raju Baadhe Minaxi Sharma James Gaffey Quang D.Nguyen Vijai Kumar Gupta Integrated Biorefinery Research Laboratory Department of BiotechnologyNational Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India Stem cell research laboratory Department of BiotechnologyNational Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India Department of Biotechnology Chaitanya University(Deemed to be University)WarangalTelangana 506001India Department of chemical engineering Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharPunjab 144027India Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet 7800 ATHBelgium Department of Applied Biology University of Science and TechnologyMeghalaya 793101India Circular Bioeconomy Research Group Shannon Applied Biotechnology CentreMunster Technological UniversityKerryIreland Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology Institute of Food Science and TechnologyHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesH-1118 BudapestḾenesiút 45Hungary Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center SRUCKings BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Department of Biotechnology Graphic Era Deemed to be UniversityDehradun 248002UttarakhandIndia

Machine learning(ML)has emerged as a significant tool in the field of biorefinery,offering the capability to analyze and predict complex processes with *** article reviews the current state of biorefinery and its classification,highlighting various commercially successful ***,we delve into different categories of ML models,including their algorithms and applications in various stages of biorefinery lifecycle,such as biomass characterization,pretreatment,lignin valorization,chemical,thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes,supply chain analysis,and life cycle *** benefits and limitations of each of these algorithms are discussed in ***,the article concludes with a discussion of the limitations and future prospects of ML in the field of biorefineries.

关键词： Biofuel Biomass characterization Biorefinery Life cycle assessment Machine learning Pretreatment

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Programmed cell death, antioxidant response and oxidative stress in wheat f lag leaves induced by chemical hybridization agent SQ-1

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 76-86页

作者： WANG Shu-ping ZHANG Gai-sheng SONG Qi-lu ZHANG Ying-xin LI Ying GUO Jia-lin CHEN Zheng NIU Na MA Shou-cai WANG Jun-wei College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityNational Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding CenterYangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement CentreWheat Breeding Engineering Research Center Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Male sterility induced by a chemical hybridization agent （CHA） is an important tool for utilizing crop heterosis. Leaves, especially the flag leaves, as CHA initial recipients play a decisive role in inducing male sterility. To investigate effects of different treatment times of CHA-SQ-1 used, morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of wheat flag leaves were detected in thistudy. CHA induced programmed cell death （PCD） as shown in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling （TUNEL） and DNA laddering analysis. In the early phase, CHA-SQ-1 trig- gered organelle changes arid PCD in wheat leaves accompanied by excess production of reactive oxygen species （O2- and H202） and down-regulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase （POD）. Meanwhile, leaf cell DNAs showed ladder-like patterns on agarose gel, indicating that CHA-SQ-1 led to the activation of the responsible endonuclease. The oxidative stress assays showed that lipid peroxidation was strongly activated and photosynthesis was obviously inhibited in SQ-l-induced leaves. However, CHA contents in wheat leaves gradually reduced along with the time CHA-SQ-1 applied. Young flags returned to an oxidative/antioxidative balance and ultimately developed into mature green leaves. These results provide explanation of the relations between PCD and anther abortion and practical application of CHA for hybrid breeding.

关键词： wheat flag leaf chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 programmed cell death antioxidant response oxidative stress

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Effects of background fertilization followed by co-application of two kinds of bacteria on soil nutrient content and rice yield in Northeast China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2020年第2期13卷 154-162页

作者： Tao Sun Yuyingnan Liu Shuang Wu Jizhou Zhang Bin Qu Jinggang Xu College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Heilongjiang Provincial Ecological Meteorological Center Harbin 150030China Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology Heilongjiang Academy of SciencesHarbin 150040China College of engineering Northeast Agriculture UniversityHarbin 150030China

With the improvement of living standards,people pay more and more attention to the quality and safety of *** agents are favored by the public because they can activate the nutrient supply in the soil,and reduce the residue and application amount of chemical fertilizers and *** on the conventional fertilization in the field,Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger were applied,Bacillus mucilaginosus was inoculated at four levels in the paddy soil in the cold region of Heilongjiang Province of *** effects of different proportions of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger on the number of soil microorganisms,enzyme activity,microbial biomass,soil biochemical intensity,soil nutrient content,plant nutrient content and yield were studied,and the effects on the plant nutrient content of rice and the nutrient dynamics were *** results showed that a 2.62%-21.20%higher yield of rice obtained from co-application treatments compared with that of the control-blank ***,the highest yield obtained(10736±65 kg/hm^(2))suggested that the optimized values for the two bacteria applied were 120×10^(11) CFU/hm^(2) for Bacillus mucilaginosus and 15×10^(11) CFU/hm^(2) for Aspergillus *** mucilaginosus can decompose minerals in soil,dissolve potassium and silicon,decompose apatite and release phosphorus into *** niger can transform the phosphate which cannot be absorbed by plants into soluble phosphate which can be directly absorbed by plants by producing non-volatile *** particular,Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger have synergistic effect,and their combined application effect is greater than that of two bacteria ***-application promoted the release of soil soluble silicon,and then increased the silicon content of *** the same time,soil microorganism,microbial biomass,enzyme activity and biochemical activity all increased *** study provides an effective way to

关键词： microbial inoculants microbial fertilizer rice co-application Bacillus mucilaginosus Aspergillus niger nutrients

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Influence of size and concentration of carbonate biomineral on biocementation and bioclogging for mitigating soil degradation

Biogeotechnics

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Biogeotechnics 2023年第2期1卷 34-41页

作者： Surabhi Jain Sarat Kumar Das Department of Civil engineering IT(ISM)DhanbadJharkhandIndia

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is a promising technique to enhance the geotechnical properties of geomaterial either by strengthening via biocementation or reducing the hydraulic conductivity via *** rate of modification mainly depends on the amount,and nature of biomineral pre-cipitated and it is influenced by various environmental,chemical,and microbial *** this,the present study aims to investigate the effect of biochemical conditions such as concentration of biomass and chemical reagents on the amount and nature of biomineral and its impact on the strength and permeability of biomodified *** this,the two microbes i.e.,Sporosarcina pasteuri and isolated Proteus species at three different initial concentrations and chemical reagents by varying 0.1-1 molar of urea and calcium were *** amount and microstructural behavior of biomineral in different biochemical conditions concluded that the governing mechanism differs for both biocementation and bioclogging under identical MICP *** strength enhancement or biocementation is dependent on the size of the biomineral precipitated whereas the reduction in permeability or bioclogging is mainly dominated by the amount of *** optimum value of biochemical conditions i.e.,1o°cells/ml of biomass and 0.25 M con-centration of cementation reagents was chosen to further evaluate the effect of equal MICP treatment on the biocementation and bioclogging of sands having different grain *** study infers that not the absolute size of the biomineral but the relative size of soil grain and biomineral influence the linkage between the soil particles and hence affect the strength of biomodified soil.

关键词： MICP Biocementation Bioclogging biochemical conditions Carbonatebiomineral

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