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The Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Social Network in Plant Cells

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第11期54卷 840-850页

作者： caitlin Doyle Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada

The endoplasmic reticulum （ER） is an interconnected network comprised of ribosome-studded sheets and smooth tubules. The ER plays crucial roles in the biosynthesis and transport of proteins and lipids, and in calci... 详细信息

关键词： ER Golgi reticulons Yopl RHD3.

Growth and chemical responses of trembling aspen to simulated browsing and ungulate saliva

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第4期9卷 474-484页

作者： Ken Keefover-Ring Kennedy F.Rubert-Nason Alison E.Bennett Richard L.Lindr.th Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotlandUK

Aims Woody plant-browser systems represent an understudied facet of *** subjected four genotypes of trembling aspen to artificial browsing,similar to that of a large mammalian herbivore,and applied deer saliva to clipped and unclipped trees to assess:(i)the effects of artificial browsing on aspen growth and phytochemistry of leaves and stems,(ii)genotypic variation in responses and(iii)potential alterations of responses by mammalian *** Potted aspen trees were grown outdoors on the University of Wisconsin-Madison *** experiment consisted of a fullycrossed,2×2×4 randomized complete block design,with two levels of artificial browsing(unclipped and clipped),two levels of saliva application(no saliva and saliva)and four aspen *** simulate ungulate browsing damage,we removed the upper 50%of the stem of half of the trees by pinching the stem with needle-nosed pliers and then separating it by *** half of the damaged trees,we immediately swabbed the wound with deer *** in the unclipped plus saliva treatment were swabbed with saliva at the 50%height *** assess the effects of clipping and saliva application,we harvested all trees after 2 months and measured various growth and chemical *** measurements included height,vertical growth,mass of leaves,stems and roots,leaf number and area and bud *** parameters included defensive,nutritional and structural components of both foliage and *** Findings Clipping affected most of the growth parameters measured,decreasing tree height,leaf,stem,root and total tree mass and leaf *** trees had greater vertical growth,more leaves and higher specific leaf area(SLA)than unclipped *** saliva had little to no effect on plant growth response to the clipping *** budset was delayed by clipping and varied among genotypes but not in response to saliva *** also affected most of the phytochemical variables measure

关键词： ungulate browsing deer saliva defensive chemistry genetic variation Populus tremuloides tolerance

calculation and application of liquidus projection

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 532-537页

作者： CHEN Shuanglin caO Weisheng YANG Ying ZHANG Fan WU Kaisheng DU Yong YAustin Chang CompuTherm LLC 437 S. Yellowstone Dr. Suite 217 Madison W153719 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison W153706 USA Powder Metallurgy Research Institute Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Liquidus projection usually refers to a two-dimensional projection of ternary liquidus univariant lines at constant pressure. The algorithms used in Pandat for the calculation of liquidus projection with isothermal lines and invariant reaction equations in a ternary system are presented. These algorithms have been extended to multicomponent liquidus projections and have also been implemented in Pandat. Some examples on ternary and quaternary liquidus projections are presented.

关键词： liquidus projection phase diagram phase equilibrium multicomponent system

Exploring the role of N-acetyltransferases in diseases:a focus on N-acetyltransferase 9 in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2862-2871页

作者： Prajakta Deshpande Anuradha Venkatakrishnan Chimata Amit Singh Department of Biology University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Premedical Program University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton(TREND) University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Integrative Science and Engineering Center University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Center for Genomic Advocacy(TCGA) Indiana State UniversityTerre HauteINUSA

Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and *** acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular *** to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and *** this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in ***,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule *** have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative *** have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A Alzheimer’s disease animal models cell death dr.sophila eye human disease c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling N-Acetyltransferases N-acetyltransferase 9 neurodegeneration

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

Building geospatial infrastructure

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 1-9页

作者： Jack Dangermond Michael F.Goodchild Esri RedlandsCAUSA Department of Geography University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Many visions for geospatial technology have been advanced over the past half *** researchers saw the handling of geospatial data as the major problem to be *** vision of geographic information systems arose as an early international *** visions included spatial data infrastructure,Digital Earth,and a nervous system for the *** accelerating advances in information technology,a new vision is needed that reflects today’s focus on open and multimodal access,sharing,engagement,the Web,Big Data,artificial intelligence,and data *** elaborate on the concept of geospatial infrastructure,and argue that it is essential if geospatial technology is to contribute to the solution of problems facing humanity.

关键词： Spatial data handling National Spatial Data Infrastructure Digital Earth Big Data citizen engagement

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

Quantifying Dynamical Predictability:the Pseudo-Ensemble Approach

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第5期30卷 569-588页

作者： Jianbo GAO Wenwen TUNG Jing HU PMB Intelligence LLC PO Box 2077 West Lafayette IN 47996 USA. Purdue Climate Change Research Center Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Purdue University 550 Stadium Mall Dr. West Lafayette IN 47907-2051 USA. PMB Intelligence LLC PO Box 2077 West Lafayette IN 47996 USA Affymetrix Inc. 3380 Central Expressway Santa Clara CA 95051 USA.

The ensemble technique has been widely used in numerical weather prediction and extended-range *** approaches to evaluate the predictability using the ensemble technique can be divided into two major *** is dynamical,including generating Lyapunov vectors,bred vectors,and singular vectors,sampling the fastest error-growing directions of the phase space,and examining the dependence of prediction efficiency on ensemble *** other is statistical,including distributional analysis and quantifying prediction utility by the Shannon entropy and the relative ***,with simple models,one could choose as many ensembles as possible,with each ensemble containing a large number of *** the forecast models become increasingly complicated,however,one would only be able to afford a small number of ensembles,each with limited number of members,thus sacrificing estimation accuracy of the forecast *** uncover connections between different information theoretic approaches and between dynamical and statistical approaches,we propose an (∈;T)-entropy and scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent——based general theoretical framework to quantify information loss in ensemble *** importantly,to tremendously expedite computations,reduce data storage,and improve forecasting accuracy,we propose a technique for constructing a large number of "pseudo" ensembles from one single solution or scalar *** pseudo-ensemble technique appears to be applicable under rather general conditions,one important situation being that observational data are available but the exact dynamical model is unknown.

关键词： Dynamical predictability Ensemble forecasting Relative entropy Kolmogorov entropy Scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent

Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal J.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adr.ana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander J.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi James D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell