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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 671-681页

作者： Angelid Pabon Jagannatham Naidu Bhupana Ching-On Wong Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers UniversityNewarkNJUSA

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondr.al respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondr.al respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondr.al homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

关键词： autophagy bioenergetics endolysosome energy production glycolysis metabolic reprogramming mitochondr.a

Search for microglia-specific peptides:advances in the discovery toolbox

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 471-472页

作者： Ivan Sarabia Kyle M.Koss Department of Surgery University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory states in the central nervous system(CNS)are the hallmark of neurodegenerative pathology and every injury or stroke-related *** key mediators of these neuroinflammatory states are glial cells known as microglia,the resident immune cell at the core of the inflammatory event,and astroglia,which encapsulate inflammatory insults in proteoglycan-rich scar *** gliotic scar blocks significant portions of healthy axonal networking,preventing *** most neuroinflammation is exclusively based on the responses of said microglia,their phenotypes are suggested to follow those of macrophages;M1 and M2 are opposites of pro-and ***,microglial phenotypes have been identified to be on an inflammatory spectrum encompassing developmental,homeostatic,and reparative behaviors as opposed to their ability to affect devastating cell death cascades and scar tissue formation.

关键词： inflammation pathology death

Evolution of seismic risk management for insurance over the past 30 years

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第1期17卷 11-18页

作者： Haresh C.Shah Weimin Dong Pane Stojanovski Alex Chen Stanford University CA USA Risk Management Solutions Inc Newark CA USA Asia Risk Transfer Solutions Pte Ltd Singapore DWMConsulting Palo Alto CA USA Institute for catastrophe Risk Management Nanyang Technological University Singapore cat Risk Reasearch LLC-Cupertino CA USA

During the past 30 years, there has been spectacular growth in the use of risk analysis and risk management tools developed by engineers in the financial and insurance sectors. The insurance, the reinsurance, and the investment banking sectors have enthusiastically adopted loss estimation tools developed by engineers in developing their business strategies and for managing their financial risks. As a result, insurance/reinsurance strategy has evolved as a major risk mitigation tool in managing catastrophe risk at the individual, corporate, and government level. This is particularly true in developed countries such as US, Western Europe, and Japan. Unfortunately, it has not received the needed attention in developing countries, where such a strategy for risk management is most needed. Fortunately, in the last five years, there has been excellent focus in developing ＂Insur Tech＂ tools to addr.ss the much needed ＂Insurance for the Masses＂, especially for the Asian Markets. In the earlier years of catastrophe model development, risk analysts were mainly concerned with risk reduction options through engineering strategies, and relatively little attention was given to financial and economic strategies. Such state-of-affairs still exists in many developing countries. The new developments in the science and technologies of loss estimation due to natural catastrophes have made it possible for financial sectors to model their business strategies such as peril and geographic diversification, premium calculations, reserve strategies, reinsurance contracts, and other underwriting tools. These developments have not only changed the way in which financial sectors assess and manage their risks, but have also changed the domain of opportunities for engineers and *** paper will addr.ss the issues related to developing insurance/reinsurance strategies to mitigate catastrophe risks and describe the role catastrophe risk insurance and reinsurance has played in managing finan

关键词： catastrophe risk management loss estimation risk modeling insurance for the masses

Antisense oligonucleotides provide optimism to the therapeutic landscape for tauopathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 803-804页

作者： Glenn A.Harris Lauren R.Hirschfeld Rainwater Charitable Foundation Fort WorthTXUSA

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal metabolism of the misfolded tau protein. Tau is encoded by the microtubule-associated protein tau gene(MAPT) and can be classified as either 3-repeat(3R) or 4-repeat(4R) based on the number of repeat domains from alternative splicing of exon 10 of the MAPT gene.

关键词： tau metabolism diseases

A flexible and scalable scheme for mixing computed formation energies from different levels of theory

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1857-1867页

作者： Ryan S.Kingsbury Andr.w S.Rosen Ayush S.Gupta Jason M.Munro Shyue Ping Ong Anubhav Jain Shyam Dwaraknath Matthew K.Horton Kristin A.Persson Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA University of california San Diego La JollaCA92093USA Molecular Foundr. Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

Computational materials discovery efforts are enabled by large databases of properties derived from high-throughput density functional theory(DFT),which now contain millions of calculations at the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)level of *** is now feasible to carry out high-throughput calculations using more accurate methods,such as meta-GGA DFT;however recomputing an entire database with a higher-fidelity method would not effectively leverage the enormous investment of computational resources embodied in existing(GGA)***,we propose here a general procedure by which higher-fidelity,low-coverage calculations(e.g.,meta-GGA calculations for selected chemical systems)can be combined with lower-fidelity,high-coverage calculations(e.g.,an existing database of GGA calculations)in a robust and scalable *** then use legacy PBE(+U)GGA calculations and new r2ScaN meta-GGA calculations from the Materials Project database to demonstrate that our scheme improves solid and aqueous phase stability predictions,and discuss practical considerations for its implementation.

关键词： theory scheme theory

Multifunctional stimuli responsive polymer-gated iron and gold-embedded silica nano golf balls:Nanoshuttles for targeted on-demand theranostics

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Bone Research 2017年第4期5卷 343-356页

作者： Liping Wang Grace Jang Deependr. Kumar Ban Vrinda Sant Jay Seth Sami Kazmi Nirav Patel Qingqing Yang Joon Lee Woraphong Janetanakit Shanshan Wang Brian P Head Gennadi Glinsky Ratneshwar Lai School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong UniverityShanghaiChina Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering La JollaCAUSA Materials Science and Engineering Program La JollaCAUSA Department of Nanoengineering La JollaCAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of california San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Departrnenf of Bioengineering La JollaCAUSA Department of Anesthesiology La JollaCAUSA Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System San DiegoCAUSA Institute of Engineering in Medicine La JollaCAUSA

Multi-functional nanoshuttles for remotely targeted and on-demand delivery of therapeutic molecules and imaging to defined tissues and organs hold great potentials in personalized medicine, including precise early diagnosis, efficient prevention and therapy without toxicity. Yet, in spite of 25 years of research, there are still no such shuttles available. To this end, we have designed magnetic and gold nanoparticles （NP）-embedded silica nanoshuttles （MGNSs） with nanopores on their surface. Fluorescently labeled Doxombicin （DOX）, a cancer dr.g, was loaded in the MGNSs as a payload. DOX loaded MGNSs were encapsulated in heat and pH sensitive polymer P（NIPAM-co- MAA） to enable controlled release of the payload. Magnetically-guided transport of MGNSs was examined in：（a） a glass capillary tube to simulate their delivery via blood vessels; and （b） porous hydr.gels to simulate their transport in composite human tissues, including bone, cartilage, tendon, muscles and blood-brain barrier {BBB）. The viscoelastic properties of hydr.gels were examined by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Cellular uptake of DOX- loaded MGNSs and the subsequent pH and temperature-mediated release were demonstrated in differentiated human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） as well as epithelial HeLa cells. The presence of embedded iron and gold NPs in silica shells and polymer-coating are supported by SEM and TEM. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy documented DOX loading in the MGNSs. Time-dependent transport of MGNSs guided by an external magnetic field was observed in both glass capillary tubes and in the porous hydr.gel. AFM results affirmed that the stiffness of the hydr.gels model the rigidity range from soft tissues to bone. pH and temperature-dependent dr.g release analysis showed stimuli responsive and gradual dr.g release. Cells＇ viability MTT assays showed that MGNSs are non-toxic. The cell death from on-demand DOX release was observed in both neurons and ep

关键词： Multifunctional stimuli responsive polymer-gated iron

Assets and tactics in a mating market： Economic models of negotiation offer insights into animal courtship dynamics on the lek

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 225-236页

作者： Gail L. PATRICELLI Alan H. KRAKAUER Richard MCELREATH Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Economists study negotiation as a series of events--partner choice, information gathering, bargaining, etc.--with each step of the process affecting the outcome of the next, and the optimal decision at each stage depending on the player＇s bargaining power. The context in which these negotiations occur--the market--is critical, since players can adjust their behaviors in response to outside offers. Animals similarly are faced with sequential decisions regarding courtship： who to court, how to approach a potential mate, at what level to display, when to give up, etc. Thus economic models of negotiation in a market provide a framework in which we can view not just the outcome of courtship （assortative mating）, but also the process, where each sex can use tactics to improve their negotiating outcome, using the assets that they have available. Here we propose to use negotiation as a conceptual framework to explore the factors promoting tactical adjustments during sequential stages of courtship in lekking species. Our goal is to discuss the utility of negotiation as a heuristic tool, as well as the promise and peril of co-opting game theoretic models from economics to understand animal interactions. We will provide a brief overview of a few areas where we see promise for using negotiation as a framework to understand animal courtship dynamics： choice of a display territory, tactical partner choice for negotiation, approaching a potential partner and courtship haggling .

关键词： Bargaining Game theory Lek Sexual selection Signaling Negotiation

Infrared chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-based cameras

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 813-822页

作者： David Knez Adam M.Hanninen Richard C.Prince Eric O.Potma Dmitry A.Fishman Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Chemical imaging based on mid-infrared(MIR)spectroscopic contrast is an important technique with a myriad of applications,including biomedical imaging and environmental *** MIR cameras,however,lack performance and are much less affordable than mature Si-based devices,which operate in the visible and nearinfrared ***,we demonstrate fast MIR chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption(NTA)in a standard Si-based charge-coupled device(CCD).We show that wide-field MIR images can be obtained at 100 ms exposure times using picosecond pulse energies of only a few femtojoules per pixel through NTA directly on the CCD *** this on-chip approach does not rely on phase matching,it is alignment-free and does not necessitate complex postprocessing of the *** emphasize the utility of this technique through chemically selective MIR imaging of polymers and biological samples,including MIR videos of moving targets,physical processes and live nematodes.

关键词： absorption Infrared chemical

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 836-844页

作者： Do-Hun Lee Dan cao Younghye Moon Chen Chen Nai-Kui Liu Xiao-Ming Xu Wei Wu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavioral assessment motor function neural plasticity running wheel exercise spinal cord injury treadmill exercise voluntary exercise

Autonomous Charging of Electric Vehicle Fleets to Enhance Renewable Generation Dispatchability

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 669-681页

作者： Reza Bayani Saeed D.Manshadi Guangyi Liu Yawei Wang Renchang Dai San Diego State University San DiegoCA92182USA GEIRI North America San JoseCA95134USA

A total of 19%of generation capacity in california is offered by PV units and over some months,more than 10%of this energy is *** this research,a novel approach to reducing renewable generation curtailment and increasing system flexibility by means of electric vehicles'charging coordination is *** presented problem is a sequential decision making process,and is solved by a fitted Q-iteration algorithm which unlike other reinforcement learning methods,needs fewer episodes of *** case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed *** cases include aggregator load following,ramp service and utilization of non-deterministic PV *** results suggest that through this framework,EVs successfully learn how to adjust their charging schedule in stochastic scenarios where their trip times,as well as solar power generation are unknown beforehand.

关键词： Reinforcement learning electric vehicle curtailment reduction dispatchability scheduling