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Einstein’s concept of clock Synchronization conflicts with the Second Relativity Postulate

Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第7期15卷 985-1000页

作者： Steven D. Deines Donatech corporation Inc. Fairfield Iowa USA

Einstein defined clock synchronization whenever photon pulses with timetags traverse a fixed distance between two clocks with equal time spans ineither direction. Using the second relativity postulate, he found clocksmounted on a rod uniformly moving parallel with the rod’s length cannot besynchronized, but clocks attached to a stationary rod can. He dismissed thisdiscrepancy by claiming simultaneity and clock synchronization were not commonbetween inertial frames, but this paper proves with both Galilean and Lorentztransformations that simultaneity and clock synchronization are preservedbetween inertial frames. His derivation means moving clocks can never besynchronized in a “resting” inertial frame. Ultraprecise atomic clocks intimekeeping labs daily contradict his results. No algebraic error occurred inEinstein’s derivations. The two cases of clocksattached to a rod reveal three major conflicts with the currentsecond postulate. The net velocity between a photon source and detector plusthe “universal” velocity c is mathematically equivalent toEinstein’s clock synchronization method. As the ultraprecise timekeepingcommunity daily synchronizes atomic clocks on the moving Earth withultraprecise time uncertainty well below Einstein’s lowest limit ofsynchronization, the theoretical resolution of the apparent conflict isaccomplished by expanding the second relativity postulate to incorporate thenet velocity between the photon source and detector with the emitted velocity c as components of the total velocity c. This means the magnitudeof the total photon velocity can exceed the speed limit (299792458 m/s) set by the standard velocity c. .

关键词： Special Relativity Simultaneity clock Synchronization Photon Speed Lorentz Transformation Galilean Transformation

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Optimization of chemistry and process parameters for control of intermetallic formation in Mg sludges

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1431-1448页

作者： Y.Fu G.G.Wang A.Hu Y.Li K.B.Thacker J.P.Weiler H.Hu Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor401 Sunset AveWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada Global Technology centre Meridian Lightweight Technologies25 MacNab AveStrathroyOntario N7G 4H6Canada

Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important ***,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die *** aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process *** Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn *** design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding *** sludge yield(SY)and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two *** optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,*** best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,*** groups of sludge factors,chemical Sludge(cSF),Physical Sludge(PSF)and comprehensive Sludge Factors(and cPSF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg *** cPSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the PSF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental *** chemical Sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed *** Physical Sludge Factor could be used f

关键词： Magnesium sludge Al-Mn intermetallic Optimization Taguchi method Sludge factor chemical composition Process parameter

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Geophysical evidence of a large occurrence of mud volcanoes associated with gas plumbing system in the Ross Sea(Antarctica)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 304-324页

作者： Martina Busetti Riccardo Geletti Dario civile chiara Sauli Giuseppe Brancatelli Edy Forlin Daniela Accettella Lorenza Barro Savonuzzi Laura De Santis Aldo Vesnaver Andrea cova National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics–OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/c34010 SgonicoTriesteItaly

Seafloor and buried reliefs occur along continental margin of the Ross Sea(Antarctica).These features are several kilometres wide and tens of metres high,exhibiting cone or flat-top dome *** studies have proposed a volcanic or glacial origin for these formations,but these hypotheses do not account for all the available *** this study,we use morpho-bathymetric data,intermediate resolution multichannel seismic and high resolution chirp profiles,as well as magnetic lines to investigate these clusters of *** employing targeted processing techniques to enhance the geophysical characterization of the seafloor and buried reliefs,and to understand the underlying geological features,we propose that the reliefs are mud *** of these formations appear to be associated with a plumbing system,as indicated by acoustic anomalies linked to sediment containing *** formations are likely fed by clayey source rocks of Miocene ***,other reliefs might be the result of mud mobilisation caused by gravity instability and fluid overpressure.

关键词： Ross Sea Antarctica Mud volcanoes Gas plumbing system Gas hydrate Bottom Simulating Reflector

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A novel alternative for pyrogen detection based on a transgenic cell line

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1221-1229页

作者： Qing He chuan-Fei Yu Gang Wu Kai-Qin Wang Yong-Bo Ni Xiao Guo Zhi-Hao Fu Lan Wang De-jiang Tan Hua Gao can Wang Gang chen Xu-Hong chen Bo chen Jun-Zhi Wang National Institutes for Food and Drug control BeijingChina School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug control ShanghaiChina KeyMed Biosciences inc. ChengduChina

Pyrogen,often as a contaminant,is a key indicator affecting the safety of almost all parenteral drugs(including biologicals,chemicals,traditional chinese medicines and medical devices).It has become a goal to completely replace the in vivo rabbit pyrogen test by using the in vitro pyrogen test based on the promoted‘reduction,replacement and refinement’principle,which has been highly considered by regulatory agencies from different *** used NF-κB,a central signalling molecule mediating inflammatory responses,as a pyrogenic marker and the monocyte line THP-1 transfected with a luciferase reporter gene regulated by NF-κB as an in vitro model to detect pyrogens by measuring the intensity of a fluorescence ***,we show that this test can quantitatively and sensitively detect endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide from different strains)and nonendotoxin(lipoteichoic acid,zymosan,peptidoglycan,lectin and glucan),has good stability in terms of NF-κB activity and cell phenotypes at 39 cell passages and can be applied to detect pyrogens in biologicals(group A&c meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine;basiliximab;rabies vaccine(Vero cells)for human use,freeze-dried;Japanese encephalitis vaccine(Vero cells),inactivated;insulin aspart injection;human albumin;recombinant human erythropoietin injection(cHO cell)).The within-laboratory reproducibility of the test in three independent laboratories was 85%,80%and 80%and the interlaboratory reproducibility among laboratories was 83.3%,95.6%and 86.7%.The sensitivity(true positive rate)and specificity(true negative rate)of the test were 89.9%and 90.9%,*** summary,the test provides a novel alternative for pyrogen detection.

关键词： pyrogen rabbit replace

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Artificial Intelligence as a check on Logic

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第9期12卷 3148-3162页

作者： Edwin Eugene Klingman cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio USA

Math and physics proceed from assumptions to conclusions via a logical path. Artificial intelligence possesses the ability to follow logic, herein specifically applied to the problem of defining ontologically real 2D manifolds in a 3D continuum. Vortices and tori in fluids exhibit effective 2D surfaces, which, treated as manifolds, allow application of calculus on the boundaries of the structures. Recent papers in primordial field theory (PFT) have employed calabi-Yau geometry and topology to develop a fermion structure. We desire a logical justification of this application and herein explore the use of artificial intelligence to assist in logic verification. A proof is outlined by the author and formalized by the AI.

关键词： AI calabi-Yau Yang-Mills Perfect Fluid Fermion Structure Manifold 3D continuum

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A Review on the Security of the Ethereum-Based DeFi Ecosystem

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 69-101页

作者： Yue Xue Dunqiu Fan Shen Su Jialu Fu Ning Hu Wenmao Liu Zhihong Tian cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuanzhou510000China Innovation center NSFOCUS Inc.Beijing100089China Engineering Research center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology Ministry of EducationBeijing100816China

Decentralized finance(DeFi)is a general term for a series of financial products and *** is based on blockchain technology and has attracted people’s attention because of its open,transparent,and intermediary *** them,the DeFi ecosystem based on Ethereum-based blockchains attracts the most ***,the current decentralized financial system built on the Ethereum architecture has been exposed to many smart contract vulnerabilities during the last few ***,we believe it is time to improve the understanding of the prevailing Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystem security *** that end,we investigate the Ethereum-based DeFi security issues:1)inherited from the real-world financial system,which can be solved by macro-control;2)induced by the problems of blockchain architecture,which require a better blockchain platform;3)caused by DeFi invented applications,which should be focused on during the project *** on that,we further discuss the current solutions and potential directions ofDeFi *** to our research,we could provide a comprehensive vision to the research community for the improvement of Ethereum-basedDeFi ecosystem security.

关键词： Blockchain smart contract decentralized finance DeFi security

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Genetic and immunologic characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations and predictive significance of tumor immune microenvironment in adjuvant chemotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 43-46页

作者： Zhengqi Wen Wenliang Li chengmin Shi Junrui Ma Sihui Zhao Ruize Zhou Xihong Liu Rong Yang Zhiping Zhang Hushan Zhang Bo Li Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnan 650032China The Third Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University(Yunnan cancer center) KunmingYunnan 650021China Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnan 650032China School of Nursing Yunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingYunnan 650022China Department of General Surgery The First People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingYunnan 650000China Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan UniversityYunnan 650011China Medical Department 3D Medicines Inc.Shanghai 201114China Zhaotong Health Vocational college ZhaotongYunnan 657000China

colorectal cancer(cRc)is one of the most common cancers around the world,and it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death.1 Although anti-EGFR therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor(Icl)therapy are becoming more and more important for colorectal therapy,however,clinical outcomes of current treatments for metastatic cRc,especially with Icls,have been shown to be affected by the status of ***,KRAS mutation status detection has become a very important diagnostic factor for managing metastatic cRc patients.

关键词： KRAS colorectal patients

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An operational approach to ground control in deep mines

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 67-81页

作者： A.Moss P.K.Kaiser Sonal Mining Technology inc. 2488 Shadbolt LaneWest VancouverBCV7S 3J1Canada Laurentian University SudburyONP3E 2C6Canada GeoK inc. 680 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 6H5Canada

As mines go deeper and get larger,mine designs become more fragile largely due to the response of the rock mass to *** control and rock support become important levers in the mine construction schedule,production performance,and excavation *** example,in cave mines,the production footprint together with associated mine infrastructure are significant investments in a modern caving *** investment must be protected and maintained to reduce the risk of ground-related production *** is necessary to preserve the health of these excavations and their maintenance through an effective rock support *** support thus becomes a strategic element in asset *** article focuses on support design for brittle ground when displacements induced by stress-fracturing consume much of the support’s *** deals with the functionality of the support in deforming *** interlinked concepts are important when assessing excavation *** must not only account for load equilibrium but also for deformation compatibility and capacity *** importantly,the support’s displacement capacity is being consumed when the rock mass is deformed after support ***,it is necessary to design for the support capacity remaining at the time when the support is *** support capacity can be consumed,it can also be restored by means of preventive support maintenance(PSM).This concept for cost-effective ground control is introduced and illustrated on operational ***,how design can impact construction costs and schedule are *** is installed to provide a safe environment and preserve an operationally functional *** also must assure senior management that investments in high quality support and its maintenance will substantially reduce delays and with it,*** is demonstrated that the use of‘gabion-like’support systems can achieve these goals.A technical summary of th

关键词： Ground control Rock support Deformation-based support design(DBSD) Gabion panel Deep mining Support consumption Preventive support maintenance(PSM) Asset management

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Deformation-based support design for highly stressed ground with a focus on rockburst damage mitigation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 50-66页

作者： P.K.Kaiser A.Moss Laurentian University SudburyONP3E 2C6Canada GeoK inc.680 Ramsey Lake Road SudburyONP3E 6H5Canada Sonal Mining Technology inc. 2488 Shadbolt LaneWest VancouverBCV7S 3J1Canada

As mines go deeper,mine designs become more fragile and effective rock support becomes a strategic element for ground control to facilitate timely construction and cost-effective access for uninterrupted *** article focuses on the design of integrated support systems for brittle ground when large displacements due to gradual bulking of stress-fractured rock or sudden violent bulking during rockbursts are induced by static and dynamic *** provides an overview of support design principles for a rational approach to ground control in deep mines when large deformations are anticipated near *** designs must not only account for load equilibrium but also for deformation *** importantly,the design approach must account for the fact that the support’s displacement capacity is being consumed as it is deformed after support *** is therefore necessary to design for the remnant support capacity,*** capacity remaining when the support is ***,if the support capacity can be consumed,it can also be restored by means of preventive support maintenance(PSM).The PSM concept for cost-effective ground control is introduced and illustrated by quantitative and operational *** to other design approaches,the deformation-based support design(DBSD)approach provides the capacity of an integrated support system as a function of imposed *** in this support capacity due to mininginduced deformation renders excavations increasingly more vulnerable if located within the influence of active mining and seismic *** deformation measurements are robust indicators of the decay in support capacity,scanning and other displacement monitoring technologies enable measurements to verify the DBSD approach,to assess the remnant safety margin of the deformed support,and to make operational support maintenance decisions.

关键词： Deep mining Deformation-based support design(DBSD) cost-effective support Support consumption Preventive support maintenance(PSM)

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Study on the Reaction Behavior of Some Trinuclear complexes of Transition Metals: [Fe_2M(μ_3-O) (μ-O_2ccH_3)_6(H_2O)_3]·xH_2O by the Method of Probe Reaction of Acetic Acid

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chinese Journal of Structural chemistry 1998年第5期17卷 365-371页

作者： HE Ling-Jie cHEN Bo cAI Su-Hua WANG Yan-Ming ZHOU Wen-Bo ZHANG Lin-Na (Fujnin Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,the chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, china)XIE Qing-Shan (Present address:Shishi Organizing committee ,Sh Fu jian Inst. Res. Struct. of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fu jian 350002 China Shishi Organizing committee Shishi Fujian 362000 China

The reaction behaviors of the title complexes have been studied in thesystem of dinitrogen gas by means of in situ IR. It has been found that some activefragments created at some stage of the thermal decomposition process of the *** acetic acid both obtained from the ligand of the complexes and introducedfrom outside to convert to acetone by decarboxylation. Their optimum reaction temperatures are of 240~270℃ for [Fe2MnO(O2ccH3),(H2O)3], 290~320 c for [Fe3Q(O2ccH3)6(H2O)3], 300~330℃ for [Fe2coO(O2ccH3),(H2O)3] and 320~ 350℃for [Fe2NiO(O2ccH3)6(H2O)3], indicating the lowering sequence of the activity of active species. At the same time it has been shown that this activity may come from thejoined contributions of both the coordinating capability of the hetero-metals in the complexes and their structural factors. On the basis of the TGA, DTA and EI-MS data,the composition of the active fragments has been tentatively inferred as [Fe2MnO(O2ccH3)3-2].

关键词： in situ IR carboxylato complexes iron complexes manganese complexes cobalt complexes nickel complexes

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