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Molecular mechanisms of stress resistance in sorghum: Implications for crop improvement strategies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 741-768页

作者： Hongxiang Zheng Yingying Dang Xianmin Diao Na Sui Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress/college of life sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Institute of crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a c4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficiency, can grow in adverse environmental conditions due to its excellent stress resistance characteristics. Therefore, unraveling the stress-resistance mechanism of sorghum could provide a theoretical basis for developing and cultivating various stress-resistant crops. This understanding could also help to create a conducive environment for using marginal soil in agriculture and ensuring food security. In this review, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum under drought, salinity, temperature, and soil heavy metal stresses, the specific response to stress, the screening of sorghum-resistant germplasm, and the identification and functional analysis of the relevant genes and quantitative trait loci(QTL). In addition, we discuss the application potential of different stress-tolerant sorghum germplasms reported to date and emphasize the feasibility and potential use in developing and promoting highly stress-tolerant sorghum in marginal soil.

关键词： abiotic stress c4 plants QTL sorghum stress resistance yield stability

Development of an automatic measurement system using atmospheric pressure photoionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and application for on-line analysis of particulate matter

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 516-530页

作者： Yayuan Dong Ranran Liu Ling Xie Xiaole Pan Yele Sun Lin Wu ZifaWang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Urban EnvironmentXiamen 361021China

On-line chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter(PM)with soft ionization technique and ultrahigh-resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHRMS)provides molecular information of organic constituents in real *** we describe the development and application of an automatic measurement system that incorporates PM_(2.5)sampling,thermal desorption,atmospheric pressure photoionization,and UHRMS *** formulas of detected organic compounds were deducted from the accurate(±10 ppm)molecular weights obtained at a mass resolution of 100,000,allowing the identification of small organic compounds in PM_(2.5).Detection efficiencies of 28 standard compounds were determined and we found a high sensitivity and selectivity towards organic amines with limits of detection below 10 *** a proof of principle,PM_(2.5)samples collected off-line in winter in the urban area of Beijing were analyzed using the Ionization Module and HRMS of the *** automatic system was then applied to conduct on-line measurements during the summer time at a time resolution of 2 *** detected organic compounds comprised mainly cHON and cHN compounds below 350 m/*** seasonal variations in elemental composition were observed with shorter carbon backbones and higher O/c ratios in summer than that in *** result is consistent with stronger photochemical reactions and thus a higher oxidation state of organics in *** variation in signal intensity of each formula provides crucial information to reveal its source and formation *** summary,the automatic measurement system serves as an important tool for the on-line characterization and identification of organic species in PM_(2.5).

关键词： PM_(2.5) chemical composition On-line measurement technique High resolution mass spectrometry

Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin c.Hau Klaus W.Lange University of Applied sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of Human sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food *** impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect *** the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food *** were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary *** found a substantial(cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy *** content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy *** results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food *** remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge Nutrition Health

Glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in clay minerals from the eastern Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 ka and their indications

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Science china Earth sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2162-2177页

作者： Xiaoyan ZHANG chunxia ZHANG Yan ZHAO Bin HU Zhengtang GUO Key Laboratory of cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

clay mineral proxies have been widely used to reconstruct changes in provenance and the ***,high-altitude clay mineral indications and long-term and orbital variations have not been fully ***,we present an800-ka clay-mineral record from a lacustrine sediment core(ZB13-c2)from the Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the clay mineral assemblages and their micromorphological characteristics of core *** results revealed that the clay minerals in core ZB13-c2 are mainly illite,with small amounts of chlorite,kaolinite,and smectite(including irregular mixed-layers of illite-smectite(I/S)and chloritesmectite(c/S)).The clay mineral assemblages and proxies exhibit three stages of change,which are mainly controlled by the Zoige watershed range under different climate *** watershed was limited to the southeastern region with altitudes ranging from~3500 to~4200 meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and glacial-interglacial hydraulic erosion controlled the input of bedrock debris during 800-621 ka *** expanded to higher altitudes(~4200 to~4700 m a.s.l.)due to stronger seasonal freezethaw weathering without significant glacial-interglacial variations under a cooling and drying climate during 621-100 ka ***,it expanded to its highest altitudes of~4700 to~5200 m *** of the watershed after 100 ka BP,and hydraulic erosion increased obviously under a warm climate of the interstadial MIS 3 on the *** watershed underwent two major expansions under different climatic conditions at~621 ka and 100 ka BP,with the wet/dry alternation became strong at~621 ka *** results reveal that long-term temperature changes and the wet/dry alternation at high altitudes controlled the watershed range and degree of the physical erosion,and that the indications of clay minerals should be carefully clarified before they are used as climate indicators,especi

关键词： Quaternary Zoige Basin Lacustrine sediments Paleoenvironment Weathering

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Inhibition mechanisms of cRISPR-cas9 by Acr ⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32

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Science china Life sciences 2024年第9期67卷 1781-1791页

作者： Jianlin Zheng Yuwei Zhu Tengjin Huang Wenbo Gao Jiale He Zhiwei Huang HIT center for Life sciences School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Westlake center for Genome Editing Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine School of Life Sciences Westlake University

In the ongoing arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages, bacteriophages have evolved anti-cRISPR proteins to counteract bacterial cRISPR-cas systems. Recently, Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 have been found to effectively inhibit the activity of Spy cas9 both in bacterial and human cells. However, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of ternary complexes formed by Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 bound to Spy cas9-sg RNA. Using structural analysis and biochemical experiments, we revealed that Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 recognize a novel, previously-unidentified anti-cRISPR binding site on Spy cas9. We found that both Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 directly interact with the WED domain, where they spatially obstruct conformational changes of the WED and PI domains, thereby inhibiting Spy cas9 from recognizing protospacer adjacent motif(PAM) and unwinding double-stranded DNA. In addition,they may inhibit nuclease activity by blocking the dynamic conformational changes of the Spy cas9 surveillance complex. In summary, our data elucidate the inhibition mechanisms of two new anti-cRISPR proteins, provide new strategies for the modulation of Spy cas9 activity,and expand our understanding of the diversity of anti-cRISPR protein inhibition mechanisms.

关键词： anti-cRISPR cryo-EM Spycas9 AcrIIA25.1 AcrIIA32 inhibiton

Magnetism, heat capacity, magnetocaloric effect, and magneto-transport properties of heavy fermion antiferromagnet ceGaSi

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chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 495-502页

作者：张黎博董庆新白建利刘乔宇程靖雯李存东刘品宇孙英睿黄宇任治安陈根富 Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

We synthesize high-quality single crystal of ceGaSi by a Ga self-flux method and investigate its physical properties through magnetic susceptibility,specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements as well as high pressure *** measurements reveal that an antiferromagnetic order develops below T_(m)~10.4 K with magnetic moments orientated in the ab *** enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient and the negative logarithmic slope in the resistivity of ceGaSi indicate that the title compound belongs to the family of Kondo system with heavy fermion ground *** max magnetic entropy change-ΔS_(M)^(max)(μ_(0)H⊥c,μ_(0)H=7 T) around T_(m) is found to reach up to 11.85 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1).Remarkably,both the antiferromagnetic transition temperature and-ln T behavior increase monotonically with pressure applied to 20 kbar(1 bar=10~5 Pa),indicating that much higher pressure will be needed to reach its quantum critical point.

关键词： heavy fermion antiferromagnetic order magnetocaloric effect

Ultracycles consisting of macrocycles

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chinese chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 183-188页

作者： Wen-Hui Mi Teng-Yu Huang Yu-Fei Ao Xu-Dong Wang Qi-Qiang Wang De-Xian Wang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Presented here is a one-pot strategy starting from rationally designed macrocyclic precursors for the diverse construction of sophisticated *** type and amount of the base were found to significantly influence the macrocyclization *** use of 4.0 *** resulted in ultracycles of both types A and B while the presence of csF larger than 6.0 *** only type B *** of anion template increased the total yields and affected the distribution of the *** ultracycles can accommodate large organic dicarboxylates anions via multiple anion-πand hydrogen bonds,and show selectivity to the size-matched heptanedioate(c7^(2−)).Based on all possible species and relevant equilibrium constants as well as material and charge balances,a numerical iterative algorithm was developed and applied to fit the association constants of B2H with dicarboxylates from glutarate(c5^(2−))to octanedioate(c8^(2−)),which gave association constants up to 10^(3) L/mol.

关键词： Ultracycles Diversity-oriented synthesis Anion recognition Anion-πinteraction

What can we learn from recent 2νββexperiments?

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chinese Physics c 2024年第3期48卷 93-103页

作者：房栋梁 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of sciencesLanzhou 730000China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Recent measurements of the two neutrino double beta decay high precision electron spectra,combined with charge exchange orβ-decay experimental data,have revealed severe constraints across current nuclear many body *** calculations show that the quasi-particle random phase approximation(QRPA)approach can adequately reproduce the measured spectra for the two open shell nuclei,^(82)Se and ^(100)*** the closed shell nucleus ^(136)Xe,QRPA can also reproduce the spectra with proper *** the high-lying state reduction,we also find that the nuclear shell model can also adequately reproduce the spectra and Gamow-Teller transition strength under a unique quenched axial-vector coupling constant *** ^(136)Xe,we find that flipping the sign for the decay strength causes the spectra to go beyond the so-called high-lying state dominance *** results call for future high precision measurements of charge-exchange reactions.

关键词： nuclear stucture double beta decay electron spectra

Hybrid ion/electron interfacial regulation stabilizes the cobalt/oxygen redox of ultrahigh-voltage lithium cobalt oxide for fast-charging cyclability

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2071-2079页

作者： Zhihong Bi Anping Zhang Gongrui Wang cong Dong Pratteek Das Xiaoyu Shi Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory of clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

High-voltage and fast-charging LicoO_(2)(LcO)is key to high-energy/power-density Li-ion ***,unstable surface structure and unfavorable electronic/ionic conductivity severely hinder its high-voltage fast-charging ***,we construct a Li/Na-B-Mg-Si-O-F-rich mixed ion/electron interface network on the 4.65 V LcO electrode to enhance its rate capability and long-term cycling ***,the resulting artificial hybrid conductive network enhances the reversible conversion of co^(3+)/^(4+)/O_(2)/nredox by the interfacial ion–electron cooperation and suppresses interface side reactions,inducing an ultrathin yet compact cathode electrolyte ***,the derived near-surface Na+/Mg2+/Si^(4+)-pillared local intercalation structure greatly promotes the Li^(+)diffusion around the 4.55 V phase transition and stabilizes the cathode ***,excellent 3 c(1 c=274 mA g1)fast charging performance is demonstrated with 73.8%capacity retention over 1000 *** findings shed new insights to the fundamental mechanism of interfacial ion/electron synergy in stabilizing and enhancing fast-charging cathode materials.

关键词： High-voltage Fast-charging LicoO_(2) Interfacial ion-electron cooperation Local intercalation